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Bhanugupta

2023-11-13T07:48:40Z

103.216.213.45:

{{Infobox royalty
| succession = ? [[Gupta Empire|Gupta Ruler]]
| reign = {{circa|510|? CE}}
|image=File:Male head, northern India, Kushan or Gupta period, 5th-6th century CE, terracotta, HAA.JPG
|caption=Male head, northern India, 5th-6th century CE.
| dynasty = [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]
| spouse =
}}
'''Bhanugupta''' was one of the lesser known kings of the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta dynasty]]. He is only known from an inscription in [[Eran]], and a mention in the [[Manjushri-mula-kalpa]].

Only mentioned in the Eran inscription as a "Raja" and not a "Maharaja" or a "Maharajadhiraja" as would be customary for a Gupta Empire ruler, Bhanugupta may only have been a Governor for the region of [[Malwa]], under Gupta Emperor [[Narasimhagupta]].<ref name="Mookerji"/>

==Eran inscription of Bhanugupta==
Bhanugupta is known from a stone pillar inscription in [[Eran]], [[Malwa]]. The inscription was translated by [[John Faithfull Fleet]] in 1888, and then a second time in 1981, leading to different interpretations.

===Initial translation (J.F Fleet 1888)===
According to the initial translation of the [[Eran]] inscription (by [[John Faithful Fleet]] in 1888), Bhanugupta participated to a non-specific battle in 510 CE (Line 5).<ref>{{harvp|Fleet|1888|p=93}}</ref>

{{quote|
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| header=Eran pillar inscription of Goparaja
| image1 = Eran_pillar_of_Goparaja_(detail).jpg
| caption1 = Eran pillar of Goparaja
| image2 = Eran_pillar_inscription_of_Goparaja.jpg
| caption2 = [[Eran]] stone pillar inscription of Bhanugupta.
| image3 = Bhanugupta Eran stone pillar inscription.jpg
| caption3 = Rubbing of the inscription.
| footer=
}}
* (Line 1) Ôm! In a century of years, increased by ninety-one; on the seventh lunar day of the dark fortnight of (the month) Srâvana; (or in figures) the year 100 (and) 90 (and) 1; (the month) Srâvana; the dark fortnight; the day 7: —
* (Line 2)—(There was) a king, renowned under the name of . . . . râja, sprung from the . . laksha (?) lineage; and his son (was) that very valorous king (who was known) by the name (of) Mâdhava.
* (Line 3)— His son was the illustrious Gôparâja, renowned for manliness; the daughter's son of the Sarabha king; who is (even) now (?) the ornament of (his) lineage.
* (Line 5) — (There is) the glorious Bhanugupta, the bravest man on the earth, a mighty king, equal to [[Pârtha]], exceedingly heroic; and, along with him, Gôparâja followed . . . . . . . . . . (his) friends (and came) here. [And] having fought a very famous battle, he, [who was but little short of being equal to] the celestial [king (Indra)], (died and) went to heaven; and (his) devoted, attached, beloved, and beauteous wife, in close companionship, accompanied (him) onto the funeral pyre.|source=[[Eran|Eran inscription]] of Bhanugupta, 510 CE.{{sfn|Fleet|1888|p=93}}}}

This translation was the basis for various conjectures about a possible encounter with [[Toramana]], the [[Alchon Huns]] ruler. It has been suggested that Bhanugupta was involved in an important battle of his time, and suffered important losses, possibly against the Hun invader [[Toramana]], whom he may or may not have defeated in 510.<ref>Ancient Indian History and Civilization by Sailendra Nath Sen p.220</ref><ref>Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates by S. B. Bhattacherje p.A15</ref> Mookerji actually considers, in view of the inscription, that Bhanugupta was vanquished by Toramana at this 510 CE Eran battle, so that the western Gupta province of [[Malwa]] fell into the hands of the Hunas at that point.<ref name="Mookerji"/> Toramana would then have made his [[Eran]] boar inscription, claiming control of the region.<ref name="Mookerji"/>

===New translation (1981)===
A new revised translation was published in 1981.<ref name="CII"/> Verses 3-4 are markedly differently translated, in that ruler Bhanugupta and his chieftain or noble Goparaja are said to have participated in a battle against the "Maittras" in 510 CE, thought to be the [[Maitraka]]s (the reading being without full certainty, but "as good as certain" according to the authors).<ref name="CII"/> This would eliminate the suggestion that Bhanugupta alluded to a battle with [[Toramana]] in his inscription.

{{quote|
[[File:South Asia historical AD590 EN.svg|thumb|300px|The [[Maitraka]]s ruled in the areas of [[Gujarat]] and Western India. According to the 1981 translation, they may have been the adversaries of Gupta ruler Bhanugupta.<ref name="CII"/>]]
*(Lines 1-2) Ōm ! When a century of years, increased by ninety-one, (had elapsed) on the seventh lunar day of the dark fortnight of (the month) [[Śrāvaṇa]], (or in figures) the year 100 (and) 90 (and) 1 (the month) Śrāvaṇa the dark fortnight; the (lunar) day 7;-
*(Verse 1) (there was) a ruler, renowned as . . . . [[rāja]] sprung from the Śulakkha lineage; and his son (was) valorous by the name (of) Mādhava.
*(Verse 2) His son was the illustrious Goparaja, renowned for manliness; the daughter’s son of the Sarabha king;1 who became the ornament of (his) family.
*(Verses 3-4) (There is) the glorious Bhanugupta, a distinguished hero on earth, a mighty ruler, brave being equal to [[Pârtha]]. And along with him Goparaja, following (him) without fear, having overtaken the [[Maitraka|Maittras]] and having fought a very big and famous battle, went to heaven, becoming equal to [[Indra]], the best of the gods; and (his) devoted, attached, beloved, and beauteous wife, clinging (to him), entered into the mass of fire (funeral pyre).
|[[Eran|Eran inscription]] of Bhanugupta, 510 CE.<ref name="CII">Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.3 (inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108395 Main text p.352sq]</ref>}}

Bhanugupta in the inscription is only mentioned as a "Raja" and not a "Maharaja" or a "Maharajadhiraja" as would be customary for a Gupta Empire ruler. Therefore he may only have been a Governor for the region of [[Malwa]], under Gupta Emperor [[Narasimhagupta]]. <ref name="Mookerji">The Gupta Empire, Radhakumud Mookerji, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1959 [https://books.google.com/books?id=uYXDB2gIYbwC&pg=PA120 p.120]</ref>

==Manjushri-mula-kalpa==
According to a 6th century CE Buddhist work, the [[Manjushri-mula-kalpa]], "after the death of [[Budhagupta]], two kings in Gupta line were crowned, one in [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]] and the other in [[Magadha]]", the latter being probably [[Narasimhagupta]]. According to this work, after Bhanu Gupta had lost Malwa, [[Toramana]] continued his conquest to [[Magadha]], forcing Narasimhagupta Baladitya to make a retreat to [[Bengal]]. Toramana is said to have crowned a new king in [[Benares]], named [[Prakataditya]], who is presented as a son of Narasimha Gupta.<ref>Early history of Jammu region, Raj Kumar, Gyan Publishing House, 2010 [https://books.google.com/books?id=pSKNeJsH7QgC&pg=PA538 p.538]</ref><ref name="Mookerji"/> Toramana then died in [[Benares]] as he was returning westward.<ref name="Mookerji"/>

== References ==
{{Gupta Empire}}
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Fleet |first=J. F. |author-link=John Faithfull Fleet |year=1888 |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum |volume=3 |publisher=Government of India, Central Publications Branch |location=Calcutta }}

[[Category:6th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Gupta Empire]]

Budhagupta

2023-11-13T07:47:23Z

103.216.213.45:

{{Infobox royalty
| succession = 11th [[Gupta empire|Gupta emperor]]
| image = [[File:Budhagupta in Malwa Circa 476-495 CE.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Coin of Budhagupta in [[Malwa]].
| reign = {{circa|476|495 CE}}
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Kumaragupta II]]
| successor = [[Narasimhagupta]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| dynasty = [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]
| father = [[Purugupta]]
| mother = * [[Padmavatigupta]] (real mother)
* Chandradevi (stepmother)
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
}}
{{Location map+
|India
|float = right
|width = 280
|caption = Location of the inscriptions mentioning Budhagupta as ruler.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal Of The Epigraphical Society Of India Vol Ix |date=1982 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169973/page/n42 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169973}}</ref><ref>For Sankarpur and Mathura: {{cite book |last1=Salomon |first1=Richard |title=Indian Epigraphy A Guide To The( Book Za.org) |page=[https://archive.org/details/RichardSalomonIndianEpigraphyAGuideToTheBookZa.org/page/n167 145] |url=https://archive.org/details/RichardSalomonIndianEpigraphyAGuideToTheBookZa.org |language=English}}</ref>
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |India |lat=27.4925|N |long=77.673611|E |label=[[Mathura]]|position=top |label_size=80}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=25.318889|N |long=83.012778|E |label=[[Varanasi]] |position=top |label_size=80 }}
{{location map~ |India |lat=26.6363|N |long=88.4166|E |label=[[Phulbari, Jalpaiguri|Damodarpur]] |position=top |label_size=80 }}
{{location map~ |India |lat=25.136667|N |long=85.443889|E |label=[[Nalanda]]|position=right |label_size=80}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=24.093846|N |long=78.172695|E |label=[[Eran]]|position=bottom |label_size=80}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.668|N |long=87.229|E |label=[[Sankarpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Sankarpur]]|position=bottom |label_size=80}}
}}
'''Budhagupta''' ([[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta allahabad bu.jpg|10px]][[File:Gupta allahabad dh.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad gu.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad pt.jpg|12px]] ''Bu-dha-gu-pta'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=John |title=Catalogue of the coins of the Gupta dynasties |date=1914 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.47214/page/n295 153] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.47214}}</ref> {{reign|{{circa|476}}|495 CE}}) was a [[Gupta empire|Gupta emperor]] and the successor of [[Kumaragupta II]]. He was the son of [[Purugupta]] and was succeeded by [[Narasimhagupta]].<ref name="hcr1">Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 522</ref>

==Rule==
Budhagupta had close ties with the rulers of [[Kannauj]] and together they sought to run the [[Alchon Huns]] ([[Hunas]]) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.

Northern India, and in particular the area of [[Eran]], was next invaded by the [[Alchon Huns]] ruler [[Toramana]], who set up his own inscription there, the [[Eran boar inscription of Toramana]], circa 510-513 CE.

==Inscriptions==
[[File:Eran Budhagupta pillar built circa 476–495 CE.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The Budhagupta pillar at [[Eran]], raised in honour of [[Janardana]], another name of [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=John Faithfull |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. 3 |date=1888 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254/page/n303 88] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254}}</ref> On top if a double statue of [[Garuda]], holding a serpent in his hands, with a chakra wheel in the back.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bajpai |first1=K. D. |title=Indian Numismatic Studies |date=2004 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-035-8 |pages=19–20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chGrJUMarHoC&pg=PA19 |language=en}}</ref>]]
{{Gupta Empire}}
The Damodarpur copper-plate inscription informs us that [[Pundravardhana|Pundravardhana bhukti]] (the present-day [[North Bengal]]) was ruled by his two viceroys (''Uparika Mahararaja'') Brahmadatta and Jayadatta.

The [[Eran#Important Inscriptions of Eran|Eran stone pillar]] inscription of two brothers, Matrivishnu and Dhanyavishnu mentions Budhagupta as their emperor (''Bhupati''), under whom ''Maharaja'' Surashmichandra was governing the land between the [[Yamuna]] and the [[Narmada River|Narmada]]<ref name="hcr1"/> The Budhagupta inscription on the Eran column is on the west face towards the bottom of the lower and square part of a large monolithic red-sandstone column situated near the ruined group of temples at Eran. The inscription refers to the reign of Budhagupta over the area "between the rivers [[Kalindi River|Kâlindi]] and [[Narmada river|Narmadâ]]", and it is dated 484–485 CE. The object of it is to record the erection of the column, which is called 'dhvajastambha' or flag staff of the god Vishnu. This pillar is about 48 feet high. This inscription was discovered by [[T.S. Burt]] in 1838.<ref>Dr. Mohan Lal Chadhar, Eran Ki Tamrapashan Sanskriti, Sagar, MP 2009, pp 11,{{ISBN|81-89740-07-5}}</ref>

A pedestal of a Buddha statue found at Govindnagar near [[Mathura]] bears an inscription "in the reign of Budhagupta in year 161" (circa 480 CE). This is the only known epigraphic evidence showing that Budhagupta's authority extended to Mathura in the north.:<ref>Agarwal, Ashvini (1989). ''Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas'', Delhi:Motilal Banarsidas, {{ISBN|81-208-0592-5}}, pp. 226–30</ref><ref name="D. K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=R.C. |title=The Splendour of Mathura Art and Museum |date=1994 |publisher=D. K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd. |page=143 |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/splendour-of-mathura-art-and-museum-IDD114/}}</ref>

{{Quote|...Today, when king Budhagupta of the famous dynasty is administering the whole earth, in the year one hundred and sixty one...|Budhagupta inscription of Govindnagar, Mathura.<ref name="JES">{{cite book |title=Journal Of The Epigraphical Society Of India Vol IX |date=1982 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169973/page/n41 6]-12 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169973}}</ref>}}

Two standing Buddha images from [[Sarnath]] are known, with bear dated inscriptions mentioning the "Gift of Abhayamitra in 157 in reign of Buddhagupta" (157 of the [[Gupta era]] being 477 CE).<ref name="JES"/><ref name="vmis.in">{{cite web |title=Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds |url=https://vmis.in/ArchiveCategories/collection_gallery_zoom?id=1329&search=1&index=147667&searchstring=buddhagupta |website=vmis.in |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies}}</ref><ref name="Collections-Virtual Museum of Image">{{cite web |title=Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds |url=https://vmis.in/ArchiveCategories/collection_gallery_zoom?id=1329&search=1&index=147671&searchstring=buddhagupta |website=vmis.in |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds |url=https://vmis.in/ArchiveCategories/collection_gallery_zoom?id=1329&search=1&index=147673&searchstring=buddhagupta |website=vmis.in |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies}}</ref> There are also stone inscriptions in [[Varanasi]] and [[Eran]] and a seal from [[Nalanda]] mentioning Budhagupta as the ruler, as well as several copperplate inscriptions.<ref name="JES"/>

===First Buddha statue with inscription of Budhagupta===
A statue of the standing Buddha found in [[Sarnath]] has a dated inscription (year 157) in the name of Budhagupta. The content is partially preserved, but essentially identical to an inscription on a second statue, made by the same donor, allowing for reconstruction.<ref name="XII"/>
<gallery>
File:Buddha statue inscribed reign of Budhagupta year 157 (476 CE) Sarnath Museum.jpg|Buddha statue inscribed "Gift of Abhayamitra in 157 in the reign of Buddhagupta" (476 CE) Sarnath Museum.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=B. |title=Guide to Sarnath |date=1937 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.30293/page/n111 89] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.30293}}</ref><ref name="XII"/>
File:Buddha inscription of Budhagupta in the Gupta Era year 157.jpg|Buddha inscription of Budhagupta in the Gupta Era year 157, with extrapolation and English translation.<ref name="XII">{{cite book |last1=Sahni |first1=Daya Ram |title=Annual Report Of The Archaeological Survey Of India 1914-15 |date=1920 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35506/page/n253 125] inscription XVII |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35506}}</ref>
</gallery>

===Second Buddha statue with inscription of Budhagupta===
A second statue of the standing Buddha found in [[Sarnath]] has a dated inscription (year 157) in the name of Budhagupta. This statue is defaced, but the devotees at the feet of the Buddha are beautifully preserved. The content is partially preserved, but essentially identical to an inscription on the first statue, made by the same donor, allowing for reconstruction.<ref name="XVI"/>

<gallery>
File:Buddha statue with inscription of Budhagupta in the Gupta Era year 157 (second statue).jpg|thumb|Buddha statue with inscription of Budhagupta in the Gupta Era year 157 (second statue).<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
File:Buddhist devotee on a statue of Buddha standing inscribed Gift of Abhayamitra in 157 GE (477 CE) in reign of Buddhagupta.jpg|Buddhist devotee on the second statue of the standing Buddha (fragment), inscribed "Gift of Abhayamitra in 157 in the reign of Buddhagupta" (477 CE). [[Sarnath Museum]].<ref name="vmis.in"/><ref name="Collections-Virtual Museum of Image"/>
File:Buddha inscription of Budhagupta in the Gupta Era year 157 (second statue).jpg|thumb|Buddha inscription of Budhagupta in the Gupta Era year 157 (second statue), with extrapolationa and English translation.<ref name="XVI">{{cite book |last1=Sahni |first1=Daya Ram |title=Annual Report Of The Archaeological Survey Of India 1914-15 |date=1920 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35506/page/n252 124] inscription XVI |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35506}}</ref>
</gallery>

===Other inscriptions of Budhagupta===
<gallery>
File:Inscribed Pedestal of Buddha Image Installed in the Reign of Budha Gupta - Circa 480 CE - Govind Nagar - ACCN 82-240 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5537.JPG|Inscribed pedestal of Buddha installed "in the reign of Budhagupta in year 161" (circa 480 CE). Govind Nagar. Mathura.<ref name="D. K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd"/><ref>Description and translation of the inscription in: {{cite book |last1=Thaplya |first1=Kiran Kumar |title=Journal Of The Epigraphical Society Of India Vol Ix |date=1982 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169973/page/n41 6]-11 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169973}}{{free access}}</ref>
File:Eran Budhagupta inscription.jpg|Budhagupta pillar inscription at [[Eran]].
File:Budhagupta.jpg|Copper-plate charter of Budhagupta, dated Gupta year 168
File:Malwa. Budhagupta. Circa AD 476-495.jpg|Coin of Buddhagupta in [[Malwa]], derived from the style of the [[Western Satraps]].<ref name="CIC">"Evidence of the conquest of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurastra]] during the reign of [[Chandragupta II]] is to be seen in his rare silver coins which are more directly imitated from those of the Western Satraps... they retain some traces of the old inscriptions in Greek characters, while on the reverse, they substitute the Gupta type ... for the [[chaitya]] with crescent and star." in Rapson "A catalogue of Indian coins in the British Museum. The Andhras etc.", p.cli</ref>
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045543/http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/Docs/history/primarydocs/Epigraphy/Gupta/eran_stone_budhagupta.htm Eran Stone Pillar Inscription of Matrivishnu and Dhanyavishnu]

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kumaragupta II]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]]|years=476–495}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Narasimhagupta]]}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:490s deaths]]
[[Category:Gupta Empire]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Dhanumati wife of Dhrishtadyumna

2023-11-05T11:00:42Z

103.216.213.45:

{{Distinguish|Bhanumati}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
'''Dhanumati''' is the fourth wife of [[Dhrishtadyumna]], the warrior of the [[Panchala|Panchala Kingdom]] and the son of King [[Drupada]]{{ref|This story echoes when Arjuna did to Subhadra}}. He is the brother of [[Draupadi]] and [[Shikhandi]]. It's said that [[Dhrishtadyumna]] not only had one wife, but many wives. Her name echoes with "Bhanumati ", the second wife of [[Duryodhana]]. Sometimes, she is depicted as the friend of [[Draupadi]], who was close to her. [[Duryodhana]] found a way to kidnap her but Dhanumati however escapes and goes with [[Dhrishtadyumna]] into his chariot{{efn|Dhanumati is sometimes depicted as the incarnation of goddess Jyoti, the daughter of Shiva}}. Her legends are basically unknown in [[Mahabharata]], but for the wide of [[Dhrishtadyumna]], mainly Shashwathi is mentioned. Shashirekha is mentioned to be the daughter of [[Brihadratha]] and the sister of King [[Jarasandha]]{{efn|Not more is mentioned about Dhanumati or Shashirekha}}. Dhanumati had beautiful features just like [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]] and [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]]. So, [[Dhrishtadyumna]] won her hand in the [[Swayamvara]] and so her father married her off to [[Dhrishtadyumna]], knowing he is a learned prince. More stories say, she is the daughter of [[Bhagadatta]], son of [[Narakasura]] and his wife, Maya{{ref|mentioned in some stories as daughter and a fictional character by Vyasa. Dhrishtadyumna and Dhanumati also play garbha and dandiya with each other when Duryodhana makes a plan to kidnap Dhanumati}}. [[Vyasa]] simplified Dhanumati's stories into a different way so that people cannot be confused as people can think Dhanumati can be either Bhanumati's name. And then, later, [[Kauravas]] were added to the stories, to simplify [[Subhadra]]'s story. The texts of [[Bhagavata Purana]] mention, her father as [[Bhagadatta]] in some versions.

Mostly, she is mentioned in some of the texts in [[Bhagavata Purana]] and some other texts. The mentions in other [[Puranas]] are unnamed but she is most likely to mentioned in [[Vayu Purana]] of [[Mahabharata]], or [[Garuda Purana]]. She was a twin of [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]].

==Versions in Mahabharata==
===Indonesian===
====Danowati====
Danowati, who was a beautiful girl of [[Pragjyotisha Kingdom]], or Kamarupa was a princess who used to love [[Dhrishtadyumna]] from her early childhood. She was the twin and younger sister of [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Banowati (Bhanumati)]] and daughter of [[Bhagadatta|Bagadata]]. Her father refrained her from meeting [[Dhrishtadyumna]] as he wanted Dhanumati to marry one of the [[Kauravas]]. She rejected the proposal with [[Duryodhana]] and did not even look at him. This angers Duryodhana and asks [[Bhagadatta]] to arrange his [[Force marriage]] with Dhanumati. When Dhanumati gets this message, she was scared and she starts writing a letter to Dhrishtadyumna. He read the letter and went to Pragjyotisha and kidnapped Danowati (Dhanumati). There, Danowati peacefully marries [[Dhrishtadyumna|Drestadyumna (Dhrishtadyumna)]] happily. Bhagadatta, angrily gets the news and tries to take his daughter back to his kingdom by sending soldiers, but Dhrishtadyumna killed all the soldiers and did not allow the soldiers to take Dhanumati away.

===Tamil===
====தனுமதி (Dhanumathi)====
In the [[Tamil]] folktale of [[Mahabharata]], her story remains the same and will not change but in the Tamilian Mahabharata, she appears thrice in the epic and her complexion, her description, all I'd mentioned thrice. Tamilian Mahabharata says Bhanumati and Dhanumati (the two twin sisters of [[Mahabharata]]) were illustrated with one pot in their hands and searching for water. While they were talking, they suddenly came in the [[Kurukshetra War]] which Duryodhana was mesmerized by both of their beauty. That's why Dhanumati rejected Duryodhana for marrying a another princess ([[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]]) and her elder twin sister ([[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)|Bhanumati]]), without no reason. She is depicted to play garbha and dandiya with [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in Tamil stories.

==References==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{reflist}}

<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Kimveka wife of Babruvahana

2023-09-28T17:45:32Z

103.216.213.45:

{{Short description| Wife of Babruvahana in the epic Mahabharata}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Kimveka
| family = Advasena (father)
| spouse = [[Babruvahana]]{{ref|Chitrangada later fixes her son Babruvahana's marriage with Kimveka for doing a such a job to save her}}
| relatives = [[Arjuna]] (father in law) {{br}} [[Chitrāngadā]] (mother in law)
| colour = #FFC569
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Manipur (Mahabharata)|Manipura Princess]]
| home = [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti Kingdom]] (by birth), [[Manipur (Mahabharata)|Manipura]] (by marriage)
| image = The spouse of Babruvahan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
| caption = An illustration of Kimveka
| children = [[Aarusha]] (son), Krithika (daughter)
}}

'''Kimveka''' is the wife of [[Babruvahana]], prince of Manipura {{ref|Babruvahana and Kimveka's story is fictional just like the story of Arjuna and Subhadra}} Kingdom and the son of [[Arjuna]] and his wife [[Chitrāngadā]]. She is the princess of [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti Kingdom]] and the daughter of King Advasena.{{ref|Babruvahana rescues Kimveka from Duryodhana when he almost tried to kidnap her. This story tells about the love marriage of Arjuna and Subhadra}}When Kimveka and [[Babruvahana]] met each other they fell in love but to break their love, [[Duryodhana]] asked his younger brother [[Dushasana]] to kidnap Kimveka from the Kingdom of [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti]] and bring her to [[Hastinapura]] to marry her.{{ref|Rishi Narada narrates the story of Babruvahana and Kimveka's marriage but how did it start}}Kimveka however writes a letter to [[Babruvahana]] and as so he kidnapped her. When [[Babruvahana]] showed his future daughter in law, Kimveka, [[Arjuna]] got very happy and fixed their marriage.

According to legend, of [[Vyasa|Ved Vyasa]], she is mentioned unnamed in some of the epics of [[Mahabharata]]. Basically, [[Babruvahana]] and Kimveka, met like [[Arjuna]] and [[Subhadra]] for the first time. Kimveka keeps on dreaming about him and finally [[Babruvahana]] kidnaps her, rescuing her from the [[Kaurava|Kauravas]].[[Arjuna]] happily fixes their marriage with happiness.{{efn|The popular stories in Shanti Parva have this story of Babruvahana and Kimveka}}

==Popular Stories in Mahabharata==
This story of [[Shanti Parva]] narrates the meeting of [[Babruvahana]] before his marriage. [[Babruvahana]] was going to his chariot when he saw a beautiful girl, with a beautiful crown on her head. [[Babruvahana]] approached her. When she turned and saw him, Babruvahana was immensed with her beauty. The woman was from the [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti Kingdom]] and her name was Kimveka.{{ref|In some sources, her meetingwith Babruvahana is not shown in Mahabharata but I the ShantiParva,
becauseit describesa marriage of a king or queen}} [[Babruvahana]] however dreams about her and Kimveka dreams about [[Babruvahana]]. Suddenly, the purohits saw [[Babruvahana]] and Kimveka, and convey this message to the [[Kaurava]] brothers. When they come to know about, [[Arjuna]]'s son [[Babruvahana]] has a love on Kimveka, he asked his younger brother [[Dushasana]] to abduct her, if she doesn't listens, then she'll have to kidnapped from her Swayamvara, [[Duryodhana]] thought.

But the love for Kimveka and [[Babruvahana]] was unbreakable. She didn't want to marry another person when she chose [[Babruvahana]]. [[Duryodhana]] says to charioteer to take him to the kingdom of Avanti where Princess Kimveka lives. The King Advasena got shock and told [[Duryodhana]] to return to his kingdom but Duryodhana did not listen and kicked the guards and entered Kimveka's room. Kimveka got very scared and she was trembling after seeing [[Duryodhana]]. Kimveka screams for [[Babruvahana]]. When Babruvahana listens, he goes with his chariot and saw Duryodhana almost holding the hand of Kimveka. [[Babruvahana]]'s guards caught hold of Duryodhana and sent him to [[Hastinapura]]. [[Babruvahana]] hugged Kimveka immensely. [[Duryodhana]] returned empty hand without kidnapping Kimveka, then [[Shakuni]] asked him that why did he return empty hands?, [[Duryodhana]] explained him that [[Babruvahana]] sent him empty hands for almost kidnapping Kimveka. Hence, Kimveka and [[Babruvahana]]'s marriage was considered happily.

===Growing up of Aarusha and Krithika===
After the birth of the two children, Aarusha (son) and Krithika (daughter), [[Babruvahana]] teaches Aarusha the skills of archery while Krithika used to listen to her mother. At the age of 10, Aarusha learnt archery from his grandfather, [[Arjuna]] and his father [[Babruvahana]]. He showed his tactics in the war, which his father and grandfather taught him. He killed Shrutasena, the son of [[Karna]] and Geeta. Therefore, Aarusha was not killed in any Kurukshetra War.

The another thing was [[Duryodhana]] wanted to kill Aarusha because now when he was angry on [[Pandavas]], he took his anger on Aarusha, thinking that he was his cousin brother [[Arjuna]]'s son [[Babruvahana]]'s son.

==History==
Kimveka is never described directly in the [[Mahabharata]] but is relevant added in the other versions. She is described with a pretty fair face according to the quotes of [[Shanti Parva]]. The story of the Stri Parva mention they have a son named Aarusha, and a daughter, Krithika. Aarusha killed many warriors including Karna's son, Shrutasena. Krithika, the fair princess of Manipura used to listen stories from her paternal grandmother, [[Chitrāngadā]]. According to [[Vana Parva]], Kimveka is mentioned as a rebirth of [[Bagalamukhi]], a incarnation of [[Parvati]]. The princess of [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti]], and she is married to Babruvahana. Bhanumati, is a incarnation of [[Sanjna|Saranyu]], or [[Dhanyamalini]], the second wife of [[Ravana]]. Kimveka and Bhanumati's story is not described together in the text but can be splitted in two parts as the wife of a pandava's son and a last wife of a kuru king's son.

==References==
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{{reflist}}

==External Links==
{{Wikiquote}}
[[Category:Characters of the Mahabharata]]

Bhanumati Kushana Empress

2023-09-25T10:18:56Z

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{{Distinguish|Bhanumati}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Short description|Wife of the Kushana Emperor Kanishka III}}
{{Infobox royalty|name=Bhanumati|image =Princess Bhanumati, wife of Kanishka III.jpg|title=Rani, Maharani|caption = Rani Bhanumati waiting for her husband Kanishka III |succession=Empress of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan dynasty]]|dynasty=Kushan|spouse = [[Kanishka III]]|issue = [[Vasudeva II]]|father = Bhagyasena}}

'''Bhanumati''' or '''Bhanumata''' was the wife of Emperor [[Kanishka III]] and mother of his son, [[Vasudeva II]]. She is the first Empress to be known as the wife of [[Kanishka III]]. After her, her son, [[Vasudeva II]] also had a wife who became the Empress after Bhanumati. Her father was a king named Bhagyasena, who considered his daughter, Bhanumati's marriage with [[Kanishka III]]. Thus, Bhanumati was the princess of Bhagyadarbha Kingdom, a unnamed kingdom in sources. She is the grandmother of [[Vasudeva III]], who was very polite and a nice woman and generous. The name "Bhanumati" means a beautiful woman. She was 21 when she married Emperor [[Kanishka III]] and became a mother.{{efn|She is the wife of Kanishka III and mother of Vasudeva II}}

==Description==
[[Kalidasa]] wrote a book called ''[[Kanishka-Bhanumati Vivaha]]'' (Marriage of [[Kanishka III]] and Bhanumati). In this book, Kalidasa mentions that Bhagyasena's daughter, Bhanumati, marries [[Kanishka III]].

{{Blockquote|The Marriage of Bhanumati and Kanishka is a fact of marriage between a emperor marries the princess and gets her hand in the marriage from her father}}

This quote is told in the story when Bhanumati was married to Emperor [[Kanishka III]]. [[Vasudeva II]] was born to them after the marriage.

===Stone Inscriptions===
In a stone inscription, her image with [[Kanishka III]] is mentioned. Stories mention her son as [[Vasudeva II]]. She was a dowager empress and became the chief consort of [[Kanishka III]]. Her story is little described with Tirumala Devi, wife of [[Krishnadevaraya]]. Bhanumati, was one of the daughters of Bhagyasena, who ruled the Bhagyadarbha Kingdom which is not mentioned in [[History]]. She was married to a kushana king named [[Kanishka III]]. She is mentioned or described as the ancestor of [[Mahatadevi]], who is the wife of [[Devapala]].

===Issue===
She had a son who was a successor of his father, [[Kanishka III]].

==Succession of her son==
Her husband, Emperor [[Kanishka III]] was a predecessor of his own son, Vasudeva. He succeeded his father, before his death. The death of his mother, Bhanumati is not known but inscripted in [[Brahmi script]]. After [[Kanishka III]], Vasudeva II and after him, he was succeeded by his son, [[Vasudeva III]].
The content is that she is little different from [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)|Bhanumati]], who is the second wife of [[Duryodhana]].

==References==
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