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Indian locomotive class WCAM-1

2021-05-11T16:55:41Z

103.240.77.138:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2011}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = WCAM-1<ref name="Indian Railway">{{cite web|title=Indian Railway|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/ACTraction-I/AcTractionI_ADDITIONAL_Data.htm}}</ref>
| image = BL WCAM1.jpg
| caption =BL bases WCAM-1 with Ahimsa Express
| powertype = Electric
| designer = [[Research Design and Standards Organization|RDSO]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}
| bogies = [[American Locomotive Company|ALCo]] High-Adhesion Tri-mount cast
| wheeldiameter = New: {{convert|1092|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}} Half-worn:{{convert|1055|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}} Full-worn:{{convert|1016|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|14432|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| length = Over [[Janney coupler|Coupler faces]] : {{convert|20.950|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}} Over [[headstock (rolling stock)|headstocks]] : {{convert|19.680|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| width = {{convert|3.055|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| height = {{convert|4.121|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| axleload = {{convert|18.8|t}}
| locoweight = {{convert|112.8|t}}
| poweroutput = 1 hour : {{convert|3850|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}(AC) Continuous : {{convert|2350|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}(DC) {{convert|3640|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}(AC)
| tractiveeffort = Starting : {{convert|33840|kgf|abbr=on}}(AC)/{{convert|23200|kgf|abbr=on}}(DC) Continuous : {{convert|22800|kgf|abbr=on}}(DC)/{{convert|16000|kgf|abbr=on}}(AC)
| factorofadhesion = Dry : 0.3(AC)/0.25(DC)
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]/[[Parking brake#Railroad hand brakes|Parking]]
| trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]]/[[Railway air brake|Air]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Railway|url=http://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/list}}</ref>
| safety = Slip Control, Main Overload relay, Motor Overload Relay, Over Voltage relay, Earth fault relay, Low Pressure Governor and Brake Cylinder Cutoff Valve
| builder = [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works]]
| builddate = 1973 - 9<ref name="IRFCA Spec">{{cite web|title=IRFCA Specs|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html}}</ref>
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| fleetnumbers = Starting from '''21800''' to '''21852'''
| totalproduction = '''WCAM-1:''' 54
| aarwheels = C-C
| uicclass = Co'Co'
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}}, 1.5 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| maxspeed = Starting : {{convert|100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}(DC)/{{convert|120|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}(AC) Continuous : {{convert|60|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}(AC)/{{convert|35|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}(DC)
| collectionmethod = [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]] a separate one for [[alternating current|AC]] and [[Direct current|DC]]
| tractionmotors =[[Alstom]] TAO-659A1
| multipleworking = Not possible
| nicknames = '''Vallabh''' for No.-21800
| locale = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]], [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| firstrundate = 1975
| lastrundate = 2015
| disposition =
}}

The Indian locomotive class '''WCAM-1''' is a class of Bi-current (25 [[Volt|kV]] AC and 1.5 kV DC) [[Electric locomotive|electric locomotives]] that was developed in the 1972 by [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works]] for [[Indian Railways]]. The model name stands for [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge (W)]], [[Direct current|DC]] Current (C), [[Alternating current|AC]] Current (A), Mixed traffic (M) locomotive, 1st generation (1). They entered service in March 1973. A total of 54 WCAM-1 were built at CLW between 1973 and 1979, which made them the most numerous class of mainline dual-power AC-DC electric locomotive.

The WAM-4 is one of the most successful locomotives of Indian Railways having served both passenger and freight trains for over 40 years. This class is Bi-current version of the WAM-4 class. However, with the advent of new 3-phase locomotives like WAP-5 and WAP-7, the aging fleet of WCAM-1 locomotives were relegated to hauling smaller passenger trains and have been fully withdrawn from mainline duties. All units have been scrapped with no locomotives preserved.

== History ==
'''WCAM-1''' was a class of [[locomotive]] used in the [[Indian Railways]] system. They were the first locomotives from the WCAM class. These locos were operational in routes around Mumbai. These locomotives worked on both AC as well as DC as their classification suggested.<ref name="IRFCA" /> They hauled trains from DC section of suburban railway to AC section and thus performed a very critical task as they could easily operate on both AC and DC. However they performed poorly in DC mode compared to AC mode but they were very robust and had easy operating and handling characteristics.
These were 1st class of Wide Gauge's (W) Bi-current charged (CA - runs both under AC and DC) and Mixed load series (M - hauls both passenger and freight trains). These were the first electric locomotives to enter Western Railway's Mumbai division; prior to that steam and diesel locomotives used to haul trains in Western Railway's Mumbai division. These brought an end to the steam era in this division. They were also the first locomotives allotted to [[Valsad railway station|Valsad]] (BL) shed. Their top speed under DC was the lowest, as compared to other Bi-current charged locomotives. They were the first Bi-current charged locomotives in the country. Initially all were vacuum braked but were retrofitted with air brakes to make them [[Vacuum brake#Dual brakes|dual braked]]. Some also had their vacuum brakes replaced with air brakes. Introduced in 1975. One of the single pantographs on the WCAM-1 is used in dc traction; the other one carries ac current. The two pantographs were not identical, though similar in design. Originally built with vacuum brakes only, although a few (Nos. 21805, 21807, 21812, 21828, 21838, 21844, 21845, and 21850) had both vacuum and air brakes. They lacked dynamic brakes. The WCAM-1 did not use a variable ratio auto-transformer in AC mode like the others; it used a fixed-ratio transformer and rectifier bank to convert the OHE supply to 1500 V DC. The design of the transformers and notches made this a hard machine to operate, with the fusible links tending to blow often. Of the 28 notches, notches 4, 14, 21, and 28 were used for continuous operation, although notch 4 was intended for low-speed shunting and was very ineffective. Notches 14, 21, and 28 were the terminal notches of the series, series-parallel, and parallel circuit notch sequences. In DC mode, the WCAM-1 used resistor banks for speed control. However they were very robust machines and relatively easy in the handling characteristics. WCAM-1's had three traction modes (series, series-parallel, parallel) in both DC and AC mode, but using the parallel mode in DC was discouraged because of power problems. In practice this was not restrictive since series-parallel notches allowed reaching 75 km/h or so. In AC mode, the locos were almost always used with the motors in all-parallel mode. Unlike the WCAM-2 and WCAM-3 locos, no reconfiguration has been carried out to force the use of all-parallel mode with AC. Weak field operation was available. They were briefly tried out for freight use by CR, but all finally ended up with WR. The top ones getting the WCAM-2P (see below). [5/02] However, CR's Indore-Pune weekly train had been hauled by a WR WCAM-1. Max. speed 100 km/h, 110 km/h after regearing. Traction motors were nose-suspended and axle-hung.

==Technical specifications<ref name="IRFCA">{{Cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives -- Specific classes : DC & Dual Current Electric|url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco-electric-dc.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.irfca.org}}</ref>==

Of all the 30 notches, 1-21 were DC notches allowing series operation of traction motors. Rest of the 8 notches allow series-parallel combination under DC. Under AC, the combinations were 3S-2P and 2S-3P. These locomotives could run in parallel combination but it was discouraged due to power problems under DC. Under AC, the locomotives were run under parallel notches nearly always. Although these engines were not rebuilt to use only parallel combination under AC. [[Field weakening]] of traction motors was possible at 21st and 30th notches. Voltage control was done by Tap changer operation under AC and Resistance notching under DC. Traction motors were charged by DC. Its prototypes were tested in the year 1971.<ref name="IRFCA history">{{cite web|title=Chronology of railways in India, Part 5 (1970 - 1995)|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=irfca.org}}</ref><ref name="IRFCA electric loco specs">{{cite web|title=Additional Electric Locomotive Specifications|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs2.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=irfca.org}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|Traction Motors
|Alstom/CLW TAO 659 A1 {{convert|2800|kg|abbr=on}}. Axle-hung, nose-suspended and force ventilated. Temperature rise by resistance in Armature - {{convert|140|C|F|abbr=off}}/Field - {{convert|160|C|F}}. Coil resistance at {{convert|110|C|F}} in Armature - 0.0151 ohms/Main pole - 0.0145 ohms/Interpole - 0.0078 ohms. Starting current - 1100 A. 1 hour rating - {{convert|798|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, 750 V, 870 A and 1070 RPM. Continuous rating - {{convert|585|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, 550 V, 840 A and 1095 RPM. Air gap in main pole - {{convert|5.5|mm|in|3|abbr=on}}/Interpole - {{convert|6|mm|in|3|abbr=on}}. Grade of brushes - EG 367, 6 brush holders and 3 brush per holder
|-
|Gear Ratio
|61:16, 58:21
|-
|Transformer
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals|BHEL ]]made BOT 34600. {{convert|11500|kg|abbr=on}}, Forced Oil cooling, Class 'A' insulation and 32 taps. Primary rating - 3646 kVA, 22.5 kV and 162 A. Secondary rating - 3460 kVA, 1730 V (DC) and 2x1000 A (DC). Tertiary rating - 274 kVA, 1470 V and 186 A
|-
|Silicon Rectifiers
|48 cells (321 UFR200) per bridge. Continuous rating - 1000 A each cubicle. 1 hour rating - 1270 V. Max starting current - 1650 A. Forced air cooling.
|-
|Pantographs
|Faiveley AM-12 (AC) and Faiveley AM-18B (DC)
|-
|Bogie Drive Arrangement
|Gear [[pinion]]
|-
|Auxiliaries
|2 Headlights (750 W and 32 V). Lead Acid battery (50 cells), Rating - 110 V and 5 hours.
|-
|Motor-Alternator Set
|SOA-749 Alternator by [[Kirloskar Group]](180 kVA, 400 V, 270 A, 1500 RPM and 3 phase). AY100AZ Motor by AEI ({{convert|2106|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1500 RPM, 1400 V and 136 A continuous).
|-
|Number of sand boxes
|16
|-
|Main Starting Resistance blower
|Four PETA-60 types by SF Product ({{convert|11400|m3/h|abbr=on|disp=or}}). ILA2-116.2 type Motor by [[Siemens]]({{convert|9.3|kW|hp|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 400 V, 18 A and 2925 RPM).
|-
|Auxiliary Rectifier
|Rating with 2 bridges in parallel - 180 A(Continuous) and 1000 A(5 seconds)/1 bridge - 90 A(Continuous), 140 A(30 minutes) and 900 A(2 seconds). Natural Air cooling. Twenty four 324-UFR200 type cells connected by bridges.
|-
|2EC388 type Compressor by Kirloskar
|Rating - {{convert|792|L/min|abbr=on}} at {{convert|7|kg/cm2|abbr=on}}. Motor - {{convert|7.5|kW|hp|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 38 V, 15 A and 1390 RPM.
|-
|2 Exhausters by Gresham and Craven
|Northey-250RE type. Two 385 V motors.
|-
|2 Traction Motor Blowers by SF Product
|MLBRX-42.5-1-H4 type ({{convert|16200|m3/h|abbr=on|disp=or}}). 2 Motors by Siemens({{convert|22|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, 385 V, 41 A and 3000 RPM).
|-
|PFTA-50 Arr 6 type Smoothing Reaction Blower by SF Product
|Capacity - {{convert|4200|m3/h|abbr=on}}. Motor - {{convert|2.2|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, 380 V and 2860 RPM
|-
|MLBR-60-1-H2 type Oil Cooler Blower by SF Product
|Capacity - {{convert|22200|m3/h|cuyd/h|abbr=on|lk=on}}. Motor - {{convert|22|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, 380 V, 43 A and 1470 RPM
|-
|2 Silicon Rectifier Blowers by SF Product
|PHMX-40-6 type ({{convert|3400|m3/h|abbr=on|disp=or}}). 2 Motors - {{convert|2|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, 380 V, 4.4 A and 2860 RPM.
|-
|Oil Pump by Best and Company Private Limited
|Capacity - {{convert|750|L/min|abbr=on}} Motor - {{convert|3.3|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, 380 V, 66 A and 2865 RPM
|-
|SL-42 type Smoothing Reactor
|Rating - 1250 V and 950 A. 0.00718 ohms resistance at {{convert|110|C|F}}.
|-
|Notches
|Total 30
|}

==Locomotive shed==

All 54 WCAM-1 ever built were being held by [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad|Valsad Electric Loco Shed]] in Gujarat. All the locos of this class had been withdrawn from service after the conversion of entire Mumbai region into AC traction.

==Trains Hauled by WCAM-1==
* [[Mumbai Central - Ahmedabad Junction Passenger]]
* [[Valsad railway station|Valsad]] - [[Bandra Terminus]] express
* [[Valsad railway station|Valsad]] - [[Viramgam railway station|Viramgam]] Passenger
* [[Bharuch Junction railway station|Bharuch]] - [[Virar railway station|Virar]] Passenger
* [[Valsad railway station|Valsad]] Fast Passenger
* [[Bandra Terminus Vapi Passenger]]
* [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station|Ahmedabad]] Passenger
* [[Surat railway station|Surat]] - [[Virar railway station|Virar]] Shuttle
* [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station|Ahmedabad]] - [[Valsad railway station|Valsad]] Passenger

==Performance<ref name=Trainweb>{{cite web|title=Trainweb|url=http://trainweb.org/railworld/Electric_Locos/wcam1.htm}}</ref> ==
Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with gear ratio 16:61 under AC for 4 wheeler wagons (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80
|-
| Level || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 5950 || 4530 || 3380
|-
| 1 in 500 || 6000+ || 6000+ || 5850 || 4880 || 3640 || 3325 || 2675 || 2100
|-
| 1 in 200 || 2900 || 2900 || 2900 || 2735 || 2100 || 1970 || 1630 || 1310
|-
| 1 in 150 || 2250 || 2250 || 2250 || 2185 || 1690 || 1595 || 1330 || 1080
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1535 || 1535 || 1535 || 1535 || 1195 || 1145 || 960 || 780
|-
| 1 in 50 || 965 || 925 || 915 || 795 || 610 || - || - || -
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with a gear ratio of 16:61 under AC for BOX wagons (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80
|-
| Level || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 5675
|-
| 1 in 500 || 4300 || 4300 || 4300 || 4300 || 4300 || 4160 || 3460 || 2820
|-
| 1 in 200 || 2975 || 2975 || 2975 || 2975 || 2340 || 2245 || 1900 || 1570
|-
| 1 in 150 || 2530 || 2530 || 2530 || 2360 || 1845 || 1775 || 1505 || 1250
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1945 || 1910 || 1880 || 1635 || 1275 || 1235 || 1050 || 870
|-
| 1 in 50 || 1120 || 950 || 940 || 815 || 630 || 615 || - || -
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with gear ratio 16:61 under AC for [[Integral Coach Factory|ICF]] coaches (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90 !! 100 !! 110 !! 120
|-
| Level || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1340
|-
| 1 in 500 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1200 || 885
|-
| 1 in 200 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1445 || 1175 || 995 || 760 || 565
|-
| 1 in 150 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1400 || 1175 || 960 || 815 || 625 || 465
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1295 || 1175 || 995 || 840 || 690 || 590 || 450 || 330
|-
| 1 in 50 || 1165 || 970 || 955 || 840 || 655 || 595 || 505 || 435 || 345 || 290 || 215 || 145
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with a gear ratio of 16:61 under AC for BOXN wagons (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80
|-
| Level || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+
|-
| 1 in 500 || 5015 || 5015 || 5015 || 5015 || 4900 || 4340 || 3600 || 2980
|-
| 1 in 200 || 3305 || 3305 || 3305 || 3225 || 2530 || 2295 || 1945 || 1645
|-
| 1 in 150 || 2770 || 2770 || 2770 || 2515 || 1980 || 1805 || 1535 || 1300
|-
| 1 in 100 || 2085 || 1990 || 1960 || 1730 || 1365 || 1250 || 1070 || 905
|-
| 1 in 50 || 1165 || 980 || 975 || 860 || 670 || 615 || 525 || 440
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with gear ratio 16:61 under DC for 4 wheeler wagons (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80
|-
| Level || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 4300 || 2800 || 1815
|-
| 1 in 500 || 4710 || 4710 || 4710 || 4710 || 3640 || 2390 || 1635 || 1110
|-
| 1 in 200 || 2470 || 2470 || 2470 || 2470 || 2100 || 1400 || 980 || 675
|-
| 1 in 150 || 1900 || 1900 || 1900 || 1900 || 1690 || 1125 || 790 || 545
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1390 || 1390 || 1390 || 1390 || 1195 || 800 || 555 || -
|-
| 1 in 50 || 875 || 875 || 875 || 875 || 610 || - || - || -
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive fitted with TAO659A1 with a gear ratio of 16:61 under DC for BOX wagons (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80
|-
| Level || 5100 || 5100 || 5100 || 5100 || 5100 || 5100 || 4500 || 3045
|-
| 1 in 500 || 3950 || 3950 || 3950 || 3950 || 3950 || 2980 || 2115 || 1490
|-
| 1 in 200 || 2700 || 2700 || 2700 || 2700 || 2340 || 1590 || 1140 || 805
|-
| 1 in 150 || 2310 || 2310 || 2310 || 2310 || 1845 || 1255 || 895 || 630
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1770 || 1770 || 1770 || 1635 || 1275 || 865 || 610 || -
|-
| 1 in 50 || 1020 || 950 || 940 || 815 || 630 || - || - || -
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with gear ratio 16:61 under DC for ICF coaches (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90 !! 100
|-
| Level || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1380 || 1040
|-
| 1 in 500 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1135 || 810 || 630
|-
| 1 in 200 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1450 || 965 || 660 || 475 || 370
|-
| 1 in 150 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1040 || 770 || 525 || 375 || 290
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1500+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 1215 || 785 || 535 || 360 || 250 || 190
|-
| 1 in 50 || 1050 || 960 || 930 || 805 || 610 || 380 || 245 || 150 || 95 || 60
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive fitted with TAO659 with a gear ratio of 16:61 under DC for BOX wagons (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80
|-
| Level || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 6000+ || 4540 || 2970
|-
| 1 in 500 || 4545 || 4545 || 4545 || 4545 || 4545 || 2980 || 2050 || 1410
|-
| 1 in 200 || 2995 || 2995 || 2995 || 2995 || 2375 || 1560 || 1085 || 750
|-
| 1 in 150 || 2505 || 2505 || 2505 || 2415 || 1855 || 1220 || 845 || 585
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1885 || 1885 || 1885 || 1660 || 1275 || 835 || 575 || 390
|-
| 1 in 50 || 1080 || 970 || 945 || 820 || 625 || 395 || 255 || 160
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with a gear ratio of 21:58 under AC for ICF coaches (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90 !! 100 !! 110 !! 120
|-
| Level || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+
|-
| 1 in 500 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1300 || 1070
|-
| 1 in 200 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1435 || 1360 || 1295 || 1175 || 985 || 830 || 695
|-
| 1 in 150 || 1500+ || 1330 || 1290 || 1245 || 1195 || 1145 || 1095 || 1050 || 960 || 805 || 680 || 575
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1470 || 905 || 880 || 855 || 830 || 800 || 775 || 745 || 690 || 580 || 490 || 410
|-
| 1 in 50 || 810 || 420 || 415 || 405 || 400 || 390 || 380 || 370 || 345 || 285 || 240 || 195
|}

Following is the capacity of WCAM-1 locomotive with gear ratio 21:58 under DC for ICF coaches (in tonnes) :-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade\km/h !! Start !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90 !! 100
|-
| Level || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1290
|-
| 1 in 500 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1135 || 1155 || 790
|-
| 1 in 200 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1335 || 990 || 690 || 475
|-
| 1 in 150 || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || 1500+ || +1500 || 1325 || 1075 || 800 || 555 || 190
|-
| 1 in 100 || 1285 || 1350 || 1315 || 1285 || 1180 || 930 || 760 || 560 || 390 || 260
|-
| 1 in 50 || 700 || 660 || 650 || 640 || 590 || 460 || 370 || 265 || 170 || 100
|}

==See also==

*[[Locomotives of India]]
*[[Rail transport in India]]
*[[Indian Railways]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{Hughes-IndianLocos4}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Indian locomotive class WCAM1}}
* [http://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/show/9467 Details of WCAM-1 #21800] at IRFCA
* [http://www.trainweb.org/railworld/Electric_Locos/wcam1.htm WCAM-1 specifications]

{{Broad gauge locomotives of India |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:1500 V DC locomotives]]
[[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of India]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]
[[Category:Multi-system locomotives]]

Indian locomotive class WAP-1

2021-05-11T15:54:04Z

103.240.77.138:

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = May 2020}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = WAP-1
| image = File:AJJ WAP1.jpg
| caption = Arakkonam based WAP-1 (no. 22004)
| powertype = Electric
| builder = [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}
| poweroutput = MAX:3900HP Continuous: {{convert|3760|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|130|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = Starting : {{convert|22400|kgf|kN lbf|abbr=on}}
| builddate = 1980-1996
| uicclass = [[Co′Co′]]
| bogies = [[Flexicoil]] (cast steel bogies); primary and secondary wheel springs with bolsters
| wheeldiameter = New:{{convert|1092|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} Half worn: {{convert|1055|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=2}} Full worn: {{convert|1016|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|18.794|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}}
| height = {{convert|4.272|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}}
| width = {{convert|3.179|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}}
| axleload = {{convert|18800|kg|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|112000|kg|abbr=on}}
| tractionmotors =[[Alstom/CLW]] TAO 659
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]
| trainbrakes =Air,Dual
| safety = Slip control, Over voltage relay, Main overload relay, Earth Fault Relay, Low Pressure Governor, Brake Cylinder Cutoff Valve, Train parting alarms and No OHE volt relay
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| fleetnumbers = '''22000-22076''', many being converted to '''WAP-4'''
| totalproduction = '''WAP-1:''' 65
| aarwheels = C-C

| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|Overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]]
| locale = All over [[India]]
| disposition = Active
}}

The Indian locomotive class '''WAP-1''' is a class of 25 [[Volt|kV]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[electric locomotive]]s that was developed in 1978 by [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works]] for [[Indian Railways]]. The model name stands for [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge (W)]], AC Current (A), Passenger traffic (P) engine, 1st generation (1). They entered service in late 1979. A total of 65 WAP-1 were built at CLW between 1979 and 1996, which made them the most numerous class of mainline electric passenger locomotive until its successor, the [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]].

The WAP-1 is India's first dedicated electric [[passenger locomotive]] of Indian Railways having served both passenger and freight trains for over 40 years. This class provided the basic design for a number of other locomotives like WAP-3 and WAP-4 models. However, with the advent of new 3-phase locomotives like [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]] and [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]], the WAP-1 locomotives were relegated to hauling smaller express and passenger trains and now the aging fleet the WAP-1 locomotives are being slowly withdrawn from mainline duties and scrapped.

As of January 2020, 55 locomotives still retain "operational status" on the mainline as WAP-1, with further examples having been converted to [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]].

==Development==

===Background===
In the early 1980s, Indian Railways began considering developing a passenger version of its [[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]] class...<ref>https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/raj-icf17.pdf</ref> Designed for both passenger and goods trains the WAM-4 was one of the most successful locomotives of the 1967s and a mainstay of the Indian Railways.

Five prototype locomotives of this type were ordered from [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]] to the design of RDSO. The first prototype locomotive was put into service in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2019-06-19|title=[IRFCA] A Brief History of Railway Electrification in India|url=https://www.irfca.org/articles/electric-2.html|website=www.irfca.org}}</ref> They were first used on the [[Howrah Rajdhani Express]].<ref>https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/raj-icf17.pdf</ref>

The locomotive is powered by six axle-hungs, nose-suspended forced ventilated type DC traction motors. Speed control is achieved by grouping in 2S-3P combination and by field weakening of the motor. It utilises a silicon rectifier for conversion of AC power into DC.{{efn-lr| The [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] {{illm|GIPR EA/1{{!}}EA/1|de|GIPR-Klasse EA/1}} class of 1928 may disagree.}}<ref>https://24coaches.com/electric-locomotive-roster-the-wap-series/</ref>

They are being converted to make them suitable for multiple operation. Compressed air brake for the locomotives and vacuum brake for the train are provided. The brake system is being modified to make them suitable for dual brakes.

The WAP-1 provided the basis for the [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]].

== Variants ==
{{Main|Indian Locomotive Class WAP-3}}
The WAP-3 is the upgraded variant of the WAP-1 with better top speed. All units of this class were WAP-1 units already in service. The first locomotive converted was a WAP-1 '22005' named Jawahar. Subsequently 8 more WAP-1 were converted, But since the class were not a great success and had performance issues these were converted back to WAP-1.

==Image gallery==
<gallery widths="225" perrow="4">
File:TKD WAP1.jpg|Tughlakabad DLS based WAP-1 hauling Vasco - Danapur one way special fare
File:2925 Paschim Express with a WAP 1 engine.JPG|2925 Paschim Express with a WAP-1
File:'RajHans' TKD WAP1 22006 Standing at Katihar.jpg|TKD WAP1 22006 RajHans at Katihar
File:WAP1-22018.jpg|WAP-1
File:A WAP1 from Arakkonam hauls Trivandrum bound Guwahati Express.jpg|AJJ WAP-1 with WAP-4 livery hauls Trivandrum bound Guwahati Express
File:WAP-1 loco hauling 59355 (Ratlam-Mathura) Passenger.jpg|AJJ WAP-1 in full WAP-4 livery.
File:12497 (NDLS-ASR) Shaan-e-Punjab Express with WAP-1.jpg|12497 (NDLS-ASR) Shaan-e-Punjab Express with a WAP-1
File:WAP1 ^22076 Aastha of GZB waiting for its scheduled departure with Agra bound ICE at LJN - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta.jpg|WAP1 22076 Aastha of GZB with Agra bound ICE at LJN
File:WAP-1 Locomotive at Delhi.jpg|WAP-1 with Raj Livery at Delhi
</gallery>

==Locomotive sheds==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Zone !! Name !! Shed Code !! Quantity
|-
| [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]] || [[Tughlakabad railway station|Tughlakabad]] || TKD(D) || 31
|-
| [[Southern Railway Zone|Southern Railway]]||[[Diesel Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]] || ED(D)|| 28
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Total Locomotives Active as of 01-04-2021'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=e-Locos|url=http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html}}</ref> || 59
|}
 

==See also==

*[[History of rail transport in India]]
*[[Indian Railways]]
*[[Locomotives of India]]
*[[Rail transport in India]]

==References==
{{Notelist-lr}}

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Indian locomotive class WAP1}}
*[https://24coaches.com/electric-locomotive-roster-the-wap-series/ Electric Locomotive Roster: The WAP Series!]
*[https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2e.html#wap-1 [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives—Specific classes : AC Electric]
*[https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#WAP-1 [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Diesel and Electric Locomotive Specifications]
*[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/ACTraction-I/AcTractionI_ADDITIONAL_Data.htm 11081 Colour Photographs], [[Indian Railways]]

{{Broad gauge locomotives of India}}

[[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:Co-Co locomotives]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of India]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1980]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]
[[Category:Chittaranjan Locomotive Works locomotives]]