List of Maratha Rulers

2022-08-06T10:29:51Z

103.249.239.51:

{{short description|None}}

{{Infobox former monarchy
| border =
| royal_title =
| realm = [[Maratha Empire]]
| coatofarms =
| coatofarmssize =
| coatofarmscaption =
| image = File:Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg
| caption = Bhagwa Dhwaj
| first_monarch = Shivaji Bhosale I
| last_monarch = Pratap Singh Bhonsle
| style =
| residence = [[Raigad fort]]
| appointer = [[Hereditary]]
| began = 1674 CE
| ended = 1818 CE
| pretender =
}}

The '''Maratha rulers''', belonging to the [[Bhosale]] dynasty, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the [[Maratha Empire]] on the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="XWiACEwPR8C p.16">[https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&dq=Sailendra+Nath+Sen+baji+rao+1720-40&source=bl&ots=kqD8F2ZCF5&sig=UjrO2a19-RelJENaTp3WFNIoQuE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MoiCVYiCG4vl8AWy96xA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=Tukoji&f=false An Advanced History of Modern India By Sailendra Nath Sen, p.16]</ref>{{#tag:ref|Many historians consider [[Peshawar]] to be the final frontier of the Maratha Empire<ref>Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bharatiya Itihasa Samiti, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar – ''[[The History and Culture of the Indian People]]: The Maratha supremacy''</ref>|group=note}} Their power rapidly dwindled during the 19th century and the last of the rulers was deposed in 1818, with the establishment of the [[British Raj]]. Starting in 1720s, the [[Maratha Peshwa and Generals from Bhat Family|Peshwa]] were instrumental in expanding the Maratha Empire to cover large areas of the Indian subcontinent. At their empire's greatest extent in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled much of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king), but later, they became the leaders of the Marathas, and the Chhatrapati was reduced to a nominal ruler.<ref name="pearson">{{cite journal |first=M. N. |last=Pearson |title=Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=35 |issue=2 |date=February 1976 |pages=221–235 |jstor=2053980 |doi=10.2307/2053980}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aqqBPS1TDUgC&pg=PA28 Delhi, the Capital of India By Anon, John Capper, p.28. "This source establishes the Maratha control of Delhi before the British"]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA1941-IA82&lpg=PA1941-IA82 An Advanced History of Modern India By Sailendra Nath Sen p.Introduction-14. The author says: "''The victory at Bhopal in 1738 established Maratha dominance at the Mughal court''"]</ref>

== Chhatrapatis ==

===Shivaji and his early descendants===
This is the list of the initial Chhatrapatis.

{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="width:8%;"| Image
! style="width:12%;"| Name
! style="width:9%;"| Birth
! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:13%;"| Death
!Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shivaji British Museum.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|19 February 1630<ref>{{cite book | editor=Indu Ramchandani | title=Student's Britannica: India (Set of 7 Vols.) 39 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPP7O3nb3g0C&pg=PA8 | year=2000 | publisher=Popular Prakashan | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | page=8 }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1674–1680
| style="text-align:center;"|3 April 1680
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Maharaja Sambhajiraje, late 17th century.png|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Sambhaji I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|14 May 1657
| style="text-align:center;"|16 January 1681 – 11 March 1689
| style="text-align:center;"|11 March 1689
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Chhatrapati Rajaram.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|24 February 1670
| style="text-align:center;"|11 March 1689 – 3 March 1700
| style="text-align:center;"|3 March 1700
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|9 June 1696
| style="text-align:center;"|1700 – 1707, 1710 – 1714 (Kolhapur State)
| style="text-align:center;"|14 March 1726
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Copy of Shahu (3).jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|18 May 1682
| style="text-align:center;"|12 January 1707 – 15 December 1749
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749
|
|-
|}

===Chhatrapatis of Satara===
This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of [[Satara State|Satara]].<ref name="a">Maheshwari, K.K. & K.W. Wiggins (1989). ''Maratha Mints and Coinage'', Nashik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, pp.205–6</ref>

{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="width:8%;"| Image
! style="width:12%;"| Name
! style="width:9%;"| Birth
! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:13%;"| Death
!Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Copy of Shahu (3).jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|18 May 1682
| style="text-align:center;"|12 January 1707 – 15 December 1749
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram II of Satara|Rajaram II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|June 1726
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777
| style="text-align:center;"|11 December 1777
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu II of Satara|Shahu II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1763
| style="text-align:center;"|11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808
| style="text-align:center;"|3 May 1808
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Chhatrapati Pratapsingh.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Pratap Singh (Raja of Satara)|Pratapsingh]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|18 January 1793
| style="text-align:center;"|1818 – 5 September 1839
| style="text-align:center;"|14 October 1847
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shahaji Appa Saheb Chhatrapati.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Raja Shahaji of Satara|Shahaji]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1802
| style="text-align:center;"|5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848
| style="text-align:center;"|5 April 1848
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''Venkataji''
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1848–1864
| style="text-align:center;"|
|
|-
|
|}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/India_Modern_Marathas14.htm|title = The Marathas: Post Shahu Chatrapatis of Satara}}</ref>

===Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur===
This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]].<ref name="a"/>

{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="width:8%;"| Image
! style="width:12%;"| Name
! style="width:9%;"| Birth
! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:13%;"| Death
!Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|9 June 1696
| style="text-align:center;"|1700 – 1707, 1710 – 1714 (Kolhapur State)
| style="text-align:center;"|14 March 1726
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Idols of Sambhaji I of Kolhapur with Queen Jijabai (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Sambhaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1698
| style="text-align:center;"|1714–1760
| style="text-align:center;"|18 December 1760
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Idol of Shivaji II of Kolhapur.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji III]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1756
| style="text-align:center;"|22 September 1762 – 24 April 1813
| style="text-align:center;"|24 April 1813
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Sambhaji III]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1801
| style="text-align:center;"|24 April 1813 – 2 July 1821
| style="text-align:center;"|2 July 1821
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji IV]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1816
| style="text-align:center;"|July 2, 1821 – Jan 03 1822
| style="text-align:center;"|January 3, 1822
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahaji of Kolhapur|Shahaji I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|22 January 1802
| style="text-align:center;"|3 January 1822 – 29 November 1838
| style="text-align:center;"|29 November 1838
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shivaji V.gif|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji V]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|26 December 1830
| style="text-align:center;"|1838–1866
| style="text-align:center;"|4 August 1866
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Rajaram Chatrapati of Kolhapur 01.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram II of Kolhapur|Rajaram II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|April 13, 1850
| style="text-align:center;"|August 18, 1866 – November 30, 1870
| style="text-align:center;"|November 30, 1870
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shivaji VI.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji VI]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|April 5, 1863
| style="text-align:center;"|1871–1883
| style="text-align:center;"|December 25, 1883
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Maharajah of Kolhapur 1912.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu IV (overall)<br/>Shahu I of Kolhapur]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|26 June 1874
| style="text-align:center;"|2 April 1894 – 6 May 1922
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 1922
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Rajaram III.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram III]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|31 July 1897
| style="text-align:center;"|1922–1940
| style="text-align:center;"|26 November 1940
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shivaji VII.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji VII]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|22 November 1941
| style="text-align:center;"|31 December 1941 – 28 September 1946
| style="text-align:center;"|28 September 1946
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shahaji II.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|4 April 1910
| style="text-align:center;"|1947–1971
| style="text-align:center;"|9 May 1983
|
|
|}
[[File:Genealogy of Kolhapur Maharajas.jpg|thumb|Genealogy of Kolhapur Chhatrapatis]]
{{clear}}

==Peshwas==

===Early Peshwas===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Image
! |Name
!Birth
! |Reign
!Death
!Notes
|-
|
|[[Moropant Trimbak Pingle]]
|1620
|1674–1683
|1683
|
|-
|
|[[Moreshvar Pingale|Nilakanth Moreshvar Pingale]]
|
|1683–1689
|1689
|
|-
|
|[[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]]
|1650
|1689–1708
|1716
|
|-
|
|[[Bahiroji Pingale]]
|
|1708–1711
|
|
|-
|
|[[Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi|Parshuram Trimbak Kulkarni]]
|1660
|1711–1713
|1718
|
|-
|}

=== Peshwas (Bhat family) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:10%;" |Image
! style="width:10%;"|Name
!Birth
! style="width:7%;" |Reign
!Death
! style="width:60%;" |Notes
|-
| align="center" |[[File:His Highness Balaji Vishwanath Peshwa.jpg|70px]]
| [[Balaji Vishwanath]] (Sixth appointed Peshwa)
|
| align="center" |1713 –1720
|
| Assisted the [[Sayyid Brothers|Syed Brothers]] in deposing the Mughal Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]] in 1719
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Peshwa Baji Rao I riding horse.jpg|70px]]
| [[Bajirao|Baji Rao I]] (Seventh appointed Peshwa)
|
| align="center" |1720 –1740
|
| Known as Thorle (elder) Bajirao and acknowledged as the most influential of the nine Peshwas. Said to have fought for the establishment of "Hindu Pad Padshahi"(Hindu Empire). Helped conquer Central India ([[Malwa]]) and [[Rajputana]] and extended his dominions into [[Gujarat]] in the northwest and Deccan in the south. [[Battle of Delhi (1737)|Attacked Delhi]] in 1737. Fought in over 41 battles and is one of the few to have never lost a single battle. Died at the age of 40 of sudden fever in camp en route to Delhi; he has been commemorated in the form of an equestrian statue erected at [[Shaniwar Wada]] in Pune.
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Painting at Prince of Wales museum.jpg|70px]]
| [[Nanasaheb Peshwa|Balaji Bajirao]] (Eighth appointed Peshwa)
|
| align="center" |1740–1761
|
| Known as Nanasaheb Peshwa. Managed to extend the Maratha territories into most of North-West, East and Central India. Captured [[Attock]] on the banks of the [[Indus River]] and [[Peshawar]] in 1758 in the [[Battle of Attock, 1758]]. Under his leadership, the Maratha Empire reached its peak but his general and cousin lost the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] against Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761. Contributed to the development of the city of Pune which was the seat of the Peshwas. Built the famous [[Parvati Temple, Pune|Parvati Temple]], Lakdi Pool and established Nana Peth (area) in Pune. Built a water reservoir near [[Katraj]] to provide clean water to Pune city; this 250-year-old system is still functioning.
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Madhavrao I Peshwa.png|70px]]
| [[Madhavrao I|Madhav-Rao I]] (First hereditary Peshwa)
|
| align="center" |1761–1772
|
| Fraught with internal dissensions and successful Wars with the [[Nizam]]. During his tenure, Maratha power recovered from the losses suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as [[Maratha Resurrection]]. Repaired the recently weakened administration, treasury, and accounts of the Maratha Empire. He died of tuberculosis in 1772; a memorial commemorating his greatness stands at Peshwe Park in Pune. One of the theory says that he was assassinated by her aunt, Anandi Bai (wife of Raghunath Rao).
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Narayan Rao.jpg|70px]]
| [[Narayanrao Peshwa|Narayan-Rao]]
|
| align="center" |1772–1773
|
| Assassinated by Gardi guards. Raghunath Rao was in favor of just kidnapping him and accordingly he used the code "DHARA". But Anandi Bai (wife of Raghunath Rao) changed the code to "MAARA". Narayan Rao was assassinated in Shanivar Wada. Nowadays, it is considered one of the haunted place in Maharashtra.
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Ragonath Row Ballajee.jpg|70px]]
| [[Raghunathrao|Raghunath-Rao]]
|
| align="center" |1773–1774
|
| Responsible for extending the Maratha empire to the zenith in the North as a General and also saw the decline of Maratha power in North India. Deposed by [[Nana Phadnis]] and 11 other administrators in what is now called "The Baarbhai Conspiracy"
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Madhu Rao Narayan the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and attendants Poona 1792 by James Wales.jpg|70px]]
| [[Madhavrao II|Madhav-Rao II]]
|
| align="center" |1774–1796
|
| Appointed Peshwa as an infant with a council of Maratha Generals and ministers as regents. Era dominated by the political intrigues of [[Nana Phadnis]]. Saw the resurgence of Maratha power in North India.
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Baji Rao II.jpg|70px]]
| [[Baji Rao II]]
|
| align="center" |1796–1802
|
| ''1st Reign'' – Was defeated by [[Yashwantrao Holkar]], ruler of [[Indore]], at the [[Battle of Poona]]. Fled to [[East India Company|British]] protection, and in December 1802, concluded the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|Treaty of Bassein]] with the [[British East India Company]], ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to treaty with no other power. This provoked the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] that began the breakup of the [[Maratha confederacy]].
|-
| align="center" |
| [[Amrut Rao]]<ref>Wg Cdr (Retd.) Dr. M. S. Narawane, Battles of the Honourable East India Company. pg 65</ref><ref>Jadunath Sarkar, Fall of the Mughal Empire:1789–1803. pg 179</ref> (Appointed as Peshwa by [[Yashwantrao Holkar]])
|
| align="center" |1802–1803
|
| Appointed Peshwa by [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] after defeating [[Baji Rao II]] and [[Daulat Rao Sindhia]] in [[Battle of Poona]].
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Baji Rao II.jpg|70px]]
| [[Baji Rao II]]
|
| align="center" |1803–1818
|
| ''2nd Reign'' – During his second reign began the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. After the defeat at the [[Battle of Koregaon]] in January 1818, he was on the run from the British. Eventually, the British took over his dominion and made the Maratha King Pratap Singh of Satara declare in favour of the British. This ended the Peshwa's legal position as head of the [[Maratha confederacy]]. On 3 June 1818, Baji Rao surrendered to the British; he was banished to [[Bithur]] near [[Kanpur]].
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Peshwa of Kanpur.jpg|70px]]
| [[Nana Sahib]]<br>(Pretender of the position of the Peshwa)
|
| align="center" |1851–1857
|
| Was a leader during the [[Rebellion of 1857|Indian Uprising of 1857]]. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II, he sought to restore the [[Maratha confederacy]] and the Peshwa tradition.

|}

==Other==
===[[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of Baroda===
===[[Indore State|Holkar]] of Indore===
===[[Scindia|Shinde]] of Gwalior===
===[[Bhonsles of Nagpur|Bhonsle]] of Nagpur===

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==External links==

{{Maratha Empire}}
{{Peshawe family}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maratha Emperors}}
[[Category:History of India]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]

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List of Maratha Rulers