Kadungon

2022-06-07T16:25:53Z

103.43.200.241:

:''Kadungon or Kadunkon was also the name an earlier [[Pandyan Kingdom|Pandya]] king, mentioned in the [[Sangam literature]].''
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = Pandyadhiraja
| image =
| caption =
| reign = c. 590–620 CE
| successor = [[Avani Sulamani|Maravarman Avanisulamani]]
| spouse 1 =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| issue = [[Maravarman Avanisulamani]]
| dynasty = [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandya]]
}}
{{Pandyan}}
'''Kadungon''' (''r. c.'' 590–620 CE) was a [[Pandyan Kingdom|Pandya]] king of early historic [[south India]]. Kadung (The great or strongest) + kon or ko (king) meaning "the great king" in tamil. He was also referred as Thennavan. He is chiefly remembered for reviving the Pandya dynastic power in south India. Along with the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] king [[Simhavishnu]] (r. c. 560–80/555–90 CE), he is credited with ending the [[Kalabhra]] rule, marking the beginning of a new era in south India.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Majumdar
| first = Ramesh Chandra
| author-link = R. C. Majumdar
| title = Ancient India
| publisher = [[Motilal Banarsidass]]
| orig-year = 1968
| year = 1987
| oclc = 3756513
| isbn = 978-81-208-0436-4
| pages = 395
}}</ref>

Kadungon's title was "Pandyadhiraja",<ref>{{cite book|last=Sastri|first=K A Nilakanta|title=The Culture and History of the Tamils|publisher=K.L. Mukhopadhyay|year=1964|pages=20|oclc=17907908}}</ref> and his capital was [[Madurai]]. He was succeeded by his son [[Avani Sulamani|Maravarman Avanisulamani]].<ref name="PN_Chopra_South" />

== Dates ==
Most historians, including [[R. C. Majumdar]], state the period of Kadungon rule as 590–620 CE.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |page=45-46}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Majumdar
| first = Ramesh Chandra
| author-link = R. C. Majumdar
|author2=Achut Dattatraya Pusalker |author3=Asoke Kumar Majumdar
| title = The History and Culture of the Indian People
| publisher = [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]]
| year = 1977
| oclc = 59089562
| pages = 267
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Perera
| first = L. H. Horace
|author2=M Ratnasabapathy
| title = Ceylon & Indian history from early times to 1505 A.D.
| publisher = W.M.A. Wahid
| location = Colombo
| year = 1954
| oclc = 12935788
| pages = 161
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Pollock
| first = Sheldon Ivan
| title = Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia
| url = https://archive.org/details/literarycultures00poll
| url-access = limited
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| year = 2003
| oclc = 46828947
| isbn = 978-0-520-22821-4
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/literarycultures00poll/page/n342 306]
}}</ref>

* [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]] (the first assumption) — c. 600–620 CE{{sfn|K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|1929|p=41}}
* [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]] (revised date) — c. 590–620 CE{{sfn|K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|1958|p=165}}
* [[Noboru Karashima]] — c. 560–90 CE{{sfn|Noburu Karashima|2014|pp=370}} (or) c. 590–620 CE{{sfn|Noburu Karashima|2014|pp=86}}

== Velvikudi Grant ==
The [[Sangam literature]] mentions the [[Early Pandyan Kingdom|early Pandya dynasty]], which is believed to have gone into obscurity during the [[Kalabhra interregnum]]. The last known king of this dynasty was [[Ugrapperuvaludi]].{{sfn|N. Subrahmanian|1962|p=115}}

Kadungon is the next known Pandyan king.{{sfn|N. Subrahmanian|1962|p=115}} Not much information is available about him.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Tripathi
| first = Rama Shankar
| title = History of Ancient India
| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass
| orig-year = 1942
| year = 1999
| oclc = 43890119
| isbn = 978-81-208-0018-2
| pages = 483
}}</ref> Most of the knowledge about him comes from the [[Velvikudi inscription]] of the Pandya king Parantaka Nedunchadaiyan (also Nedunjadaiyan or Nedunchezhiyan). According to this inscription, Kadungon defeated several petty chieftains and destroyed "the bright cities of unbending foes".<ref name="PN_Chopra_South">{{cite book
| last = Chopra
| first = Pran Nath |author2=T.K. Ravindran |author3=N. Subrahmanian
| title = History of South India
| publisher = S. Chand & Company Ltd.
| orig-year = 1979
| year = 2003
| oclc = 6357526
| isbn = 81-219-0153-7
| pages = 79
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| editor = Rao Bahadur H. Krishna Sastri
| title = Epigraphia Indica Vol. XVII
| publisher = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| orig-year = 1924
| year = 1983
| pages = 291–309
}}</ref> It describes him as the one who liberated the Pandya country from the Kalabhras and emerged as a "resplendent sun from the dark clouds of the Kalabhras".<ref name="T_Padmaja_Krishana">{{cite book|title=Temple of Krishna in South India: History, Art and Traditions in Tamilnadu|last=Padmaja|first=T.|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2002|isbn=978-81-7017-398-4|pages=44|oclc=52039112}}</ref> His defeat of Kalabhras (who were probably [[Jain]]s or [[Buddhist]]s) was hailed as the triumph of [[Shaivism]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Ramaswamy
| first = Vijaya
| title = Walking Naked: Women, Society, Spirituality in South India
| publisher = Indian Institute of Advanced Study
| year = 1997
| oclc = 37442864
| isbn = 978-81-85952-39-0
| pages = 69
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{cite book |author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|title=The Pandyan Kingdom|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5955|year=1929 |publisher= Luzac and Company|location=London}}
* {{cite book |editor=Noburu Karashima|title= A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations|year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi}}
* {{cite book|author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|title=A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjxuAAAAMAAJ|year=1958|location=Madras|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book |author=N. Subrahmanian |title=History of Tamilnad (To A. D. 1336) |url=http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/462306 |year=1994 |publisher=Koodal |location=Madurai |oclc=43502446 |access-date=13 August 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161123181101/http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/462306 |archive-date=23 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pandyan kings]]
[[Category:6th-century Indian monarchs]]

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Kadungon