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Alauddin Firuz Shah II

2022-06-14T21:15:30Z

103.49.201.135:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Alauddin Firuz Shah
|title = al-Malik al-ʿĀdil ʿAlā ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abū al-Muẓaffar Fīrūz Shāh
|titletext= (The Just King, Nobility of the World and [[Islam|the Religion]], Patriarch of Triumph, King Firuz)
|image =
|caption =
|succession = [[Sultan of Bengal]]
|reign = 1533
|coronation =
|Full title =
|predecessor = [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah|Nasrat Shah]]
|successor = [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah|Mahmud Shah]]
|regent =
|spouses=
|issue =
|full name =
|house =
|father = [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah|Nasrat Shah]]
|mother =
|birth_name = Fīrūz bin Naṣrat
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date = 1533
|death_place =
|date of burial =
|place of burial =
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}{{Bengal Sultanate}}
'''ʿAlā ad-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh''' ({{lang-bn|দোসরা আলাউদ্দীন ফিরোজ শাহ}}, {{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|علاء الدین فیروز شاه دوم}}}}) was the son and successor of Sultan [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]] of [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]]. During his three-month reign, the conflict with the [[Ahom kingdom]] continued and the Bengali army led by [[Turbak Khan]] had reached as far as [[Kaliabor]]. It is generally thought that Firuz Shah was assassinated by his uncle [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]].<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin|article=Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Firuz was born in the [[Sultanate of Bengal]] to an aristocratic [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Sunni]] family known as the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]]. His father, [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]], was killed by a [[eunuch]] when returning from a visit to his father's tomb.<ref name=nusrat>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Chowdhury, AM|article=Nusrat Shah}}</ref>

==Reign==
Firuz Shah only reigned for three months. On the first day of [[Ramadan]] 939 [[Hijri calendar|AH]] (27 March 1533), a [[congregational mosque]] was built in [[Kalna City|Kalna, Burdwan]] by [[Ulugh Masnad Khan]], who was his governor, commander and minister.<ref name=dani>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/81/mode/2up|title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|pages=75}}</ref> According to the ''[[Riyaz-us-Salatin]]'', Firuz Shah was assassinated by his paternal uncle [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah|Mahmud]] in order to take the throne.<ref>{{cite book|last=Salim|first=Gulam Hussain|author2=tr. from Persian |author3=Abdus Salam |title=Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal|url=https://archive.org/details/riyazussalatinhi00saliuoft/page/136/mode/2up|year=1902|publisher=Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press|pages=137}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hussain Shahi dynasty]]
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bangladesh]]
*[[History of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]]|
title=[[Sultanate of Bengal]]<br>[[Hussain Shahi dynasty]]|
years=1533|
after=[[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Hussain Shahi dynasty}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Firuz Shah, Alauddin}}
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Assassinated royalty]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1533 deaths]]
[[Category:Hussain Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:16th-century Bengalis]]
{{Asia-royal-stub}}

Ali Mech

2021-08-10T05:43:23Z

103.49.201.135:

{{Infobox person
| name = Ali Mech
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| occupation = Tribal chief (Rajah)
| known_for = [[Bakhtiyar Khalji's Tibet campaign|Tibet campaign]]
| birth_date = 13th century
| birth_place = Kamatapur Kingdom
| era = early 13th century
}}
'''Ali Mech''' was a tribal chief (Rajah) in the 13th century CE, in the region of present-day [[Assam]] belonging to [[Bodo-Kachari people|Boro-Kachari]] sub tribe called [[Mech people|Mech]].

==Biography==
Ali Mech is considered the first Muslim convert in [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saikia|first=Arunabh|title=‘We don’t want to be identified on the basis of our religion,’ say Assam’s indigenous Desi Muslims|url=https://scroll.in/article/864299/we-dont-want-to-be-identified-in-the-name-of-our-religion-say-assams-indigenous-desi-muslims|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-07|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In the wake of Ali Mech's conversion to Islam, some Mech and Koch tribes also adopted the faith.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Nath|first=Monoj Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDAXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&dq=ali+mech&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X|title=The Muslim Question in Assam and Northeast India|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2021|isbn=978-1-000-37027-0|pages=23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Haamim K.J.|date=12 September 2018|title=The Ethnicity of Assamese Muslims|url=https://www.thehillstimes.in/featured/the-ethnicity-of-assamese-muslims/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-25|website=[[The Hills Times (Diphu)|The Hills Times]]}}</ref> The modern descendents of these converts are the [[Islam in Assam|Desi Muslims of Assam]].<ref name=":1" />

As a tribal chief (Rajah) in the foothills of [[Kamarupa]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAUBCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |title=Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205–1494)|last=Siddiq|first=Mohammad Yusuf|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317587460 |pages=36}}</ref> he aided [[Bakhtiyar Khilji]] in his [[Bakhtiyar Khalji's Tibet campaign|failed invasion of Tibet]] in 1206 by acting as a guide.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Nadwi|first=Abu Bakr Amir-uddin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18CTOgAACAAJ|title=Tibet and Tibetan Muslims|publisher=Library of Tibetan Works and Archives|year=2004|isbn=9788186470350|location=Dharamsala|pages=43–44|translator-last=Sharma|translator-first=Parmananda}}</ref>

E.L. Gait mentions the following in his famous book ''A History of Assam'': "Guided by a Mech Chief, Muhammad Bakhtyar marched northwards along the right bank of this river ([[Karatoya River|Karatoya]], presently in Bangladesh) for ten days, through a country inhabited by the Koch, Mech and Tharu (Terai) tribes." Ali Mech supposedly bears a Muslim first name because he was fond of Islam and embraced it. Soon hundreds of Mech inhabitants converted to Islam due to growing oppression in the hands of Hindu lords and its caste, customs and traditions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gait|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_Assam.html?id=GvcRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1&hl=en|title=A History of Assam|date=1906|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Company|isbn=978-0-404-16819-3|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:13th-century rulers in Asia]]
[[Category:Islam in Assam]]
[[Category:12th-century births]]
[[Category:13th-century Muslims]]
[[Category:13th-century deaths]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

{{Assam-stub}}

Assam Proper

2021-07-23T20:02:25Z

103.49.201.135:

{{Short description|Region in Assam, India}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date = October 2017}}

'''Assam Proper''' (Khilonjia Bhumi) is a [[Regions of Assam|region]] in [[Assam]], [[India]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=North-East India: Land, People and Economy|last=Dikshit|first=K.R.|last2=Dikshit|first2=Jutta K|publisher=Springer|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=433}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahmed|first=Shahiuz Zaman|date=2006|title=FACTORS LEADING TO THE MIGRATION FROM EAST BENGAL TO ASSAM 1872-1971|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=66|pages=999–1015|jstor=44145913}}</ref> that is constituted by the five colonial districts that were originally in the [[Ahom kingdom]]. The districts were: [[Undivided Kamrup district]], Darrang, Nagaon, Lakhimpur and Sibsagar. This region is homeland of pure Khilonjia Asomiya ethnic people.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Regions of Assam]]
[[Category:Cultural regions]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}