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Manathana

2022-07-02T02:11:34Z

106.216.137.21:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manathana
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ml
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Manathana_village.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11|54|45|N|75|45|25|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 18.02
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 15935
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 670674
| area_code_type
= Telephone code
| area_code
= 0490
| registration_plate = KL 78 (Irrity) , KL 13 (Kannur) and KL 58 (Thalassery)
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Manathana''' is a village in [[Kannur District|Kannur district]] of [[Kerala]] , India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref>

Manathana belongs to [[Kannur]] Loksabha constituency. The Assembly constitution is [[Peravoor]]. The village has signs of very early human settlement. This small village has seven temples and remnants of some other temples or such structures. The history of [[Pazhassi Raja]], the Lion of Kerala, has been related to this small village. The folk songs of this region indicate that an earlier form of democratic administrative system had prevailed here.

==Location==
Manathana is located 17 km from [[Iritty]], 45 km from [[Thalassery]], 36 km from [[Mananthavady]] (Wayanad District). The [[Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary]] is located nearby. The nearest railway stations are [[Kannur]] (56 km) and [[Thalassery]] (45 km). The [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur airport]] is located 27 km away from Manathana.

==Historical Importance==

[[Pazhassi Raja]]'s Kizhakke Kovilakm was situated in Manathana.

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Manathana village had a population of 15,935 with 7,554 males and 8,381 females. Manathana village spreads over an area of {{cvt|18.02|km2}} with 3,777 families residing in it. The sex ratio of Manathana was 1,109 higher than state average of 1,084. Population of children in the age group 0-6 was 1,619 (10.2%) where 800 are males and 819 are females. Manathana had an overall literacy of 93.4% where male literacy stands at 96.3% and female literacy was 90.9%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=Directorateof Census Operations,Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=166,167 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

== Educational Institutions ==
* Govt. Higher Secondary School, Manathana

== Tourism ==
Manathana and the surrounding areas have a choice of tourism attractions.

* 1. [[Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* 2. [[Pazhassi Dam]] and garden
* 3. [[Kanjirakkolly waterfalls]]
* 4. [[Kodagu district|Coorg]] valleys
* 5. Palchuram
* 6. Barapole hydroelectric project
* 7. Central State farm at [[Aralam]]
* 8. Steel girder bridge at [[Iritty]] built by British
* 9. [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]

==Transportation==
The national highway passes through [[Thalassery]] town. [[Mangalore]] and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is on Thalassery. The nearest airport is Kannur. There are airports at [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur]] and [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Manathana}}
{{Kannur district}}

<ref>http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

[[Category:Villages near Iritty]]

{{Kannur-geo-stub}}

Koduvally

2021-08-23T04:16:17Z

106.216.137.21:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koduvally
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =Koduvally Bust Stand Exit.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Koduvally Bus Stand Exit
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.359444|N|75.911111|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 01-11-2015
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = municipality
| governing_body = Municipal council
| leader_title = Chairperson
| leader_name = Abdu vellara(UDF)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 23.58
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 48,678
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673572
| registration_plate = KL-57,KL-11
| website = {{URL|www.facebook.com/Koduvallymunicipality}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English <ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Koduvally Main Road.jpg|thumb|Koduvally main road]]

'''Koduvally''' is a Municipal town in [[Kozhikode district]].<ref>{{cite news
|title = Koduvally in festive mode
|url = http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/20/stories/2008122054600300.htm
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105051149/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/20/stories/2008122054600300.htm
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = 5 November 2012
|date = 20 December 2008
|work = [[The Hindu]]
|access-date = 26 July 2009
}}</ref> It is located on the [[Kozhikode|Calicut]]-[[Mysuru]] [[National Highway 766 (India)|National Highway 766]] (NH 766) and is about 21 km northeast of [[Kozhikode]] (Calicut) city. koduvally is known as the city of gold for its gold trade legacy since 18s and 19s. The nearest local bodies are [[Kizhakkoth]], [[Madavoor, Kozhikode|Madavoor]], [[kunnamangalam]], [[Omassery]], [[Mukkam]], and [[Thamarassery]].<ref>[http://offerings.nic.in/directory/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=6023&parenttype=B&ptype=V&button1=Submit Village Panchayat S of Koduvally, Kozhikode, Kerala]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Koduvally also gives its name to the Koduvally River which flows west into the sea.<ref name="Pavithran2006">{{cite book|last=Pavithran|first=MN|title=The British Commission to India: Historical Novel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1iae-qdzxisC&pg=PA24|access-date=5 March 2011|date=30 October 2006|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=978-1-4120-5888-9|pages=24–25}}{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=January 2018}}</ref>

==History==
The road between Koduvally and Kozhikode was improved in the early 1970s and the Koduvally Bridge was built. Koduvally was a major town in Calicut district during the period of british. Koduvally is known as the city of gold for its gold trade legacy. Koduvally legislative constituency was represented by E. Ahmed (former minister of government of India) in 1977. The karoonji mala viewpoint in Koduvally is a tourist destination, some says that tipu sultan and army lived in this mountain during war between British.<ref name="(India)1971">{{cite book|author=Kerala (India)|title=Detailed budget estimates of revenue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpbnAAAAMAAJ|access-date=5 March 2011|year=1971|publisher=Printed by the Superintendent of Govt. Presses at the Govt. Press.}}</ref>

==Koduvally Assembly Constituency==
Koduvally [[Assembly constituency]] consists of the Panchayats [[Kizhakkoth]], [[Madavoor, Kozhikode|Madavoor]], [[Narikkuni]], [[Omassery]], [[Kattippara]], [[Thamarassery]], and [[Koduvally Municipality]].<ref>[http://www.indiastudychannel.com/india/assemblies/684-Koduvally.aspx Koduvally Assembly Constituency]</ref>
Karat Abdul Razak of independent with support LDF government is the MLA of koduvally
In the 2016 Assembly elections he defeated MA RAZAK MASTER, MUSLIM LEEGUE at a margin of lower than 1000 votes. The present [[Member of parliament|MP]] (member of parliament) [[E. Ahamed]] represented Koduvally constituency in 1977. C. Moyinkutty, C. Mammootty also represented Koduvally Legislative Assembly.

'''History of Koduvally Assembly Constituency'''<ref>http://eci.nic.in/archive/electionanalysis/AE/S11/partycomp23.htm</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Winner !! Party !! Loser !! Party !! Lead
|-
|2021
|MK Muneer
|IUML
|Karat Abdul Razak
|NSC
|6344
|-
|2016
|[[Karat Abdul Razak]]
|NSC
|MA Razak Master
|IUML
|573
|-
| 2011 || [[V M Ummer Master]] || IUML|| M.MEHABOOB|| CPIM
|16552
|-
| 2006 || ADV P.T.A RAHIM || IND || K. MURALEEDHARAN||DIC
|-
| 2001 || C.MAMMUTTY || IUML || C. MOHASIN|| JD(S)
|-
| 1996 || C.MOYINKUTTY || IUML || C. MOHASIN|| JD
|-
| 1991 || P.V. MOHAMMED || IUML || C. MOHASIN|| JD
|-
| 1987 || P. M. ABOOBACKER ||IUML || P. RAGHAVAN NAIR || JNP
|-
| 1982 || P. V. MOHAMMED || IUML || P. RAGHAVAN NAIR || JNP
|-
| 1980 || P. V. MOHAMMED || IUML || K. MOOSAKUTTY || CPIM
|-
| 1977 || [[E. Ahamed]] || IUML || K. MOOSAKUTTY || CPIM
|}

==Landmarks==
Koduvally contains a mini stadium, and branches of the [[State Bank of India]], the [[Federal Bank]], [[Canara Bank|Canara bank]], [[Syndicate Bank]], [[IndusInd Bank]], [[Koduvally service Co-operative bank]], [[Kozhikode District Co-operative Bank]], a police station and office of circle inspector of police, Koduvally Muslim Orphanage,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koduvallymuslimorphanage.org/|title=Orphanage|publisher=Koduvally Muslim Orphanage|access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Mohammed2007">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCBdogPnnqsC&pg=PA186|title=Educational empowerment of Kerala Muslims: a socio-historical perspective|last=Mohammed|first=U.|publisher=Other Books|year=2007|isbn=978-81-903887-3-3|page=186|access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref> the KMO Arts and Science College and the Phoenix Pain and Palliative Care Society, Koduvally higher secondary school and more than 5 LP schools, Koduvally government college, a mini civil station which contains the block panchayat, pension office, village office and regional transport office (KL-57), a community health centre, KSEB main office, a municipality office and food safety department office in the municipality building at Koduvally bus stand.

==The gold market==
Koduvally has the reputation of having 100 jewelers within a short space of one kilometer. This little town has the biggest market for smuggled gold ornaments in the whole state. Most of the gold arriving here comes through black market routes.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Keralas-jewellery-hub-becomes-big-destination-for-smuggled-gold/articleshow/44164641.cms</ref>

== Educational Institutions ==
Koduvally having a wide range of Educational Institution in the heart of city in within short distance having Worlds famous Technical & management institutions .
# - Koduvally GOVT Higher secondary School
# - Koduvally Muslim Orphanage Higher Secondary School ( Malayalam Medium )
# - Koduvally Muslim Orphanage High School ( English )
# - Koduvally GOVT Arts & Science Collage
# -KMO Arts & Science Collage
# -KMO Industrial Training Center
# - Koduvally Teachers Education School
# - Koduvally GOVT ALP School ( Also Known as Cheriya school )
and Many more Private & Parallel Institutions
#-Govt.Residential ITI Koduvally
# crescent English School, Kalaranthiri

==See also==
* [[Kunnamangalam]]
* [[Thamarassery]]
* [[Omassery]]
* [[Puthuppadi]]
* [[Thiruvambady]]
* [[Mukkam]]
* [[Mavoor]]
* [[Koyilandy]]
* [[Balussery]]
* [[Chamal]]
* [[Avilora]]
* [[Perumpilavu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Koduvally}}

{{Kozhikode district}}
{{South Malabar}}
{{Malabar}}A mini civil station, which was inaugurated on 2012 by Hon Chief Minister Oommen Chandy in the presence of Hon Industries minister PK Kunhalikutty is situated at the heart of Koduvally.

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Thamarassery area]]
[[Category:Kozhikode east]]

Erumely

2021-08-23T03:57:06Z

106.216.137.21:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Erumely/Erumeli
| other_name = Erumakkolli
| nickname = Gateway to Sabarimala, Land of religious harmony
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = File:Erumeli Petta Sastha Temple.jpg
| image_caption = [[Erumely Sree Dharmasastha Temple]]
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.4710933|N|76.7650384|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Grama Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Erumely grama panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 92.67
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 68
| population_total = 43,273
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 686509
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04828
| registration_plate = (extended list)
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest cities
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kanjirappally]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Pathanamthitta]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Literacy]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = 94%
| website = [http://lsgkerala.in/erumelypanchayat/]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = 1049[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Erumely''', also spelt "'''Erumeli'''" is a panchayat in the southeast part of [[Kottayam district]] in [[Kerala]] state, [[India]]. Erumely is situated 49 km east of Kottayam town and 133 km North of capital city [[Trivandrum]]. It is situated on the way to [[Sabarimala]] and also an important halting place (''idathavalam'') for the Sabarimala pilgrims. Erumely is famed for its religious harmony and prosperity between Hindus and Muslims which existed from the early periods. It is a place which have strong roots in legends and myths associated with lord [[Ayyappa]]. A new airport has been proposed in Erumeli. The village is nourished by [[Manimala River]].

==Etymology==
Erumely is the name extracted from ''Erumakolli'' ("killed the buffalo"). A myth tells that Lord Ayyappa killed "[[Mahishi (Mahishasur's Sister)|Mahishi]]" in this place on the way to collect a [[tiger]]'s milk. Mahish means buffalo and "Eruma" in [[Malayalam]] and hence the name extract "erumakolli".

==Location==
Erumely is on the [[Kanjirappally]] - [[Pathanamthitta]] Route. A small river, Koratty (originally known as [[Manimala River]]), marks the entrance of Erumely town, which is exactly 14 km from [[Mundakayam]], the gate of Highrange area. World [[Malayalee]] association has chosen Erumely as one of the three places in kottayam and pathanamthitta to set up the fifth airport in kerala and proposal is pending for approval. [[Perunthenaruvi Falls]], the scenic waterfall near [[Vechoochira]] is located about {{cvt|13|km|mi}} from Erumely. Cheruvally estate also provides a great experience.

==Demographics==
{{As of |2011}} India [[census]], Erumely had a population of 43,437 in which 21199 are males and 22230 are females. Average sex ratio is 1049, which is lower than the state average of 1084. The literacy rate of males is 97.53% and 95.71% for females.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628204-erumeli-south-kerala.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|title=Erumeli South Population - Kottayam, Kerala|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>

==Administration==
The panchayath of Erumely was formed on 15 August 1953. It spreads over an area of 82.36 km² with 40% of forest coverage. It is surrounded by [[Parathodu]], Kanjirappally and Mundakkayam panchayaths in north, [[Chittar, Kerala|Chittar]] panchayath in east and south, [[Manimala]], [[Chirakkadavu]] panchayaths in west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lsgkerala.in/erumelypanchayat/general-information/description/|title=Through Erumely panchayath|website=lsgkerala.in|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> The panchayath is divided into 23 wards for its administrative convenience.

===Wards in Erumely panchayath===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%;"
|-
|Pazhayidom
|[[Chenappady]]
|-
|Kizhakkekkara
|[[Cheruvally]] estate
|-
|Ozhakkanadu
|Vazhakkala
|-
|Nerchappara
|Karisseri
|-
|[[Kanamala]]
|Umikkuppa
|-
|[[Mukkoottuthara]]
| [[Muttappally]]
|-
|Elivalikkara
|Propose
|-
|Pambavalley
|Erumely town
|-
|Poriyan mala
|Kanakappalam
|-
|Sreenipuram
|Angel Valley
|-
|Irumpoonnikkara
|Thumarampara
|}

==Economy==
The majority of the people are farmers (the town is surrounded by [[rubber]] tree plantations) or are in business.
Before it was a small town, now its undergoing developments, because of the temple, Masjid and its integrated, non-discriminatory society.

==Culture and customs==
[[File:ErumeliVavarSwamyDarga.JPG|thumb|A view of Erumely vavar masjid]]
Erumley has its own culture and it is different from all other places with simplicity and unity of [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]], Hindu, and Muslim communities. The agrarian regions surrounding the town have a large presence of [[Catholic]] - Syrian Christians, who are mainly into rubber cultivation. Hindus and Muslims are found mostly in the town area.

All Hindus who are undertaking Sabarimala pilgrimage visit this place. There are two temples in this town of Lord Ayyappa and the famous "Petta Thullal" (ritual dance) is done in November, December and January months. Erumely Nainar Masjid is situated opposite to Erumely Cheriya Ambalam. Ayyaapan devotees visits Vavar Swamy at Nainar Masjid before visiting Ayyappa Swami. Vavar is considered as the companion of Ayyappa. Devotees believe that Vavar swami is at the masjid. Devotes goes to Cheriya Ambalam from the masjid. Then they will go to the Valiya Ambalam to seek the blessings of Ayyappa. The visit to Vavar Swamy and Valiyambalam is done in the form a dance known as Pettathulal. This is done by coloring self, holding wooden bows and arrows. The myth is that during the killing of Mahishi, the local tribals had helped Ayyapa Swamy and after the killing, they danced in joy. Pettathulal represents the joy amongst the people. At the end of the Ayyappa season there is festival called Pettathullal where people from [[Ambalapuzha]] and Aalangattu will perform this. Ambalapuzha goes first and they will move to the Valiyambalam as usual. The Aalangattu will start this after the 'Krishnaparunth' and star is seen.

== Important festivals ==

===Erumely Pettathullal===
{{main|Pettathullal}}
The "Pettathullal" or ritual dance associated with the killing of the demoness Mahishi, hosted in the [[Malayalam]] months of ''Vrishikam'' and ''Dhanu'' (December and January) is the most noted festival in Erumely.

===Chandanakkudam===
This is another important festival which is conducted as a preliminary event to the historic pettathullal. The festival starts from the mosque with the "Malisa" procession.

==Climate==
The climate of Erumely is classified under [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]. The place remains humid throughout the year with an annual temperature of 31 °C. Among the months, March and April are the hottest. The south west monsoon arrives from mid May to August providing significant amount of rainfall. The average annual rainfall here is 2620 mm. [[Winter]] normally starts from December to February.
{{Weather box/concise_C
| location=Erumely, Kerala
| source=Climate-Data.org<ref name="Climate-Data.org">
"CLIMATE: ERUMELY",
Climate-Data.org. Web: [http://en.climate-data.org/location/486505/].</ref>
| 31.1|31.9|33.2|33.3|32.7|30.6|30.0|30.0|30.6|30.3|30.1|30.5
| 22.1|22.8|24.4|25.2|25.2|24.1|23.6|23.7|23.8|23.6|23.3|22.3
| 22|39|68|157|254|454|466|328|240|320|211|61
}}

==Religions==
Erumely is the gateway to [[Sabarimala]]. One of the important temples at Erumely is Sree Dharmashastha temple.
Vavar masjid is also located very near to Sree Dharmashastha temple. Assumption Forane church, under the Syro Malabar Catholic [[diocese]] of Kanjirapally, one of the major churches in Kottayam district, is also located here.

===Places of worship===
[[File:Erumely Temple.jpg|thumb|Erumely Valiyambalam]]
*'''[[Erumely Sree Dharmasastha Temple|Sree Dharmasastha temple]]''': This temple is located 0.5 km from Erumely town and it is commonly known as ''Valiyambalam''. It is an important meeting place of Ayyappa devotees at times of Mandala - [[Makaravilakku]] period.

[[File:Erumeli Petta Sastha Temple.jpg|thumb|Arch gate of Petta Sastha temple]]
*'''Petta Sree Dharmasastha temple''': Petta Sastha temple is adjacent to the famous Vavar Masjid at Erumely. Lord Ayyappa presides here in the form of ''Pettayil Sastha''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sree |first=Ayyappan |date=2001 |title=Edathavalams - Sabarimala pilgrimage |location=Pattom, Trivandrum |publisher=Siso books |page=92 |isbn=817797033X}}</ref>
[[File:Erumeli Vavar Mosque.jpg|thumb|Vavar mosque]]
*'''Vavar Masjid''': The masjid at Erumely dedicated to [[Vavar]]swami is the most noted landmark of the place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralatrips.co.in/2015/02/ErumeliVavarMosque.html|title=Erumely Vavar mosque|website=www.keralatrips.co.in|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> Every pilgrim who comes here visits the masjid to seek the blessings of Vavarswami.

==Educational institutions==
St. Thomas H.S.S, Devasom Board H.S.S, Vavar Memorial H.S.S, and MT High School are the well known higher secondary schools in Erumely. St. Thomas H.S.S is the oldest school which was started 60 years ago, and is under the Erumely Forane Church. Nirmala Public School, Shermount Public School are the schools without higher secondary studies.
MES College, on the way to Mukkoottuthara and Shermount College of Arts and Commerce which is located 2 km away from Erumely town. Both colleges are affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam. Assissi Hospital and Nursing College is also at Mukkoottuthara. Amaljyothy Engineering College, under the Syro Malabar Catholic diocese of Kanjirapally, is in nearby [[Koovappally]]. Sree Sabareesa College is an Aided arts and science college is located at Murikkumvayal, Mundakayam. This college is located at Erumely district panchayath division. Sree Sabareesa college is the first aided college in India under a tribal management

==Access==

===Road===
Erumely can be approached through [[Mundakkayam]], [[Kanjirappally]], [[Manimala]], [[Kanamala]], [[Ponkunnam]], Vechoochira, or Ranni. People coming from [[Kottayam]] can reach through [[Kanjirappally]]. People coming from [[Kochi]] can reach through [[Thripunithura]], [[Palai|Pala]], [[Ponkunnam]], [[Vizhikkithodu]]. People from the Highranges can access Erumely through Mundakkayam - Erumely state highway. From the capital city [[Trivandrum]], Erumely is accessed through [[Ranni]].
NH220 National Highway passes 10 km near to Erumely through 26th mile, which makes it reachable easily.

===Railway===
Nearest Rail Heads are [[Kottayam railway station|Kottayam]], [[Chengannur]], [[Changanassery]], and [[Thiruvalla]].

===Airport===
[[Cochin International Airport]] (119 km) and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] Airport (140 km) are the nearest airports. Believers Church informed Pinarayi the consent to hand over land for Sabarigiri International airport. The airport at Cheruvally is approved by both governments and may expect to start soon.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/centre-s-stance-on-proposed-erumeli-airport-favourable-cm-kerala-sabarimala-ashok-gajapathi-raju--1.1509065 | title=Centre’s stance on proposed Erumeli Airport favourable: CM | date=16 November 2016 | newspaper=Mathrubhumi | language=en | access-date=16 December 2018 }}</ref>

On 19 July 2017, the Kerala Government has announced the construction of Airport at Cheruvally Estate of Harrisons Plantations near Erumely, to facilitate travel of Sabarimala pilgrims.<ref>{{cite news|title=Airport For Sabarimala To Come Up at Cheruvally Estate|url=http://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/airport-for-sabarimala-to-come-up-at-cheruvally-estate-pinarayi-vijayan-1726935|agency=ndtv.com}}</ref>

===Proposed airport===
State and central governments have approved an airport for Sabarimala and Cheruvally estate near Erumely is one among three sites. The other sites were government sites and whether Cheruvally is a government land or not will be announced by court in a year. The case is in court. If implemented, it will be a green field airport with no industries or commercial building allowed with a huge radius of 50 km or more. The name of the proposed airport is [[Sabarigiri International Airport]] or shortened as "SABARI AIRPORT".

===Distances from various places===
*From [[Kottayam]]: 50 km
*From [[Cochin]] : 98 km
*From [[Kumily]]: 70 km
*From [[Kanjirappally]] : 14 km
*From [[Palai|Pala]] : 40 km
*From [[Mundakkayam]] : 13.5 km
*From [[Ranni]] : 18 km
*From [[Angamoozhy]] : 28 km
*From [[Alappuzha]]: 73 km
*From [[Manimala]]: 17 km
*From [[Thodupuzha]]: 63 km

==Nearby places==
* [[Mundakayam]]
* [[Ranni]]
* [[Thulappally]]
* [[Kanjirappally]]
* [[Kuruvamoozhy]]
* [[Chenappady]]
* [[Mukkoottuthara]]
* [[Ponkunnam]]
* [[Kanamala]]

==See also==
* [[Pettathullal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category|Erumely}}

{{Kottayam district}}
{{Central Travancore}}

[[Category:Villages in Kottayam district]]

Holy Cross Church Pavoor

2021-04-24T13:01:45Z

106.216.137.21:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
The '''Holy Cross Church''', [[Pavoor]], [[Kasaragod district]], [[Kerala]] is a [[Roman Catholic Church]] ([[Latin Rite]]) and the only place in the world where a range of [[Eucharist in the Catholic Church|Catholic Church Services]] are conducted in [[Tulu language|Tulu]].<ref name="DAJigorz">{{cite web
|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=72|title= Pavoor — The Only Place for Church Services in Tulu |publisher= [[Daiji World|Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore]] |author= John B. Monteiro |date= 2005-05-11 |accessdate= 2009-06-04}}</ref>

==Unique identity==
The Holy Cross Church is in Kerala, Kasargod Deanery, and with about a dozen churches, it comes under Catholic [[Diocese of Mangalore]]. It falls in [[Tulu Nadu]], a region on the south-western coast of [[India]], where the majority speakers speak the [[Tulu language]]. It consists of the [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi District|Udupi]] [[districts of Karnataka]], and the northern parts of the [[Kasargod district]] up to the [[Chandragiri river]] in [[Kerala]].<ref name="state">{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125011349/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2009-11-25
|title=Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]
|accessdate=2009-06-04
|location=Chennai, India
|date=2006-08-13}}</ref> The Chandragiri river is traditionally considered to be a boundary between Tulu Nadu and Kerala.<ref>{{harvnb|Parpola|2000|p=386}}</ref> Because Tulu speaking kings ruled over the area like Kanyakumari ruled over by Malayali kings.

Whereas in other the churches in the [[Diocese of Mangalore]] the services are conducted in [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[English language|English]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], the main Holy Mass at Pavoor Church at 7:30 am ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on Sundays, is in Tulu. The service at 11 am, mainly for children, is in a cocktail of languages. On the first Sunday of the month the service is in Konkani, on the second Sunday in Tulu and on the third and fourth Sundays in Kannada. At the main morning service, the hymns are sung in Tulu, prayers are recited in Tulu and the sermon is preached in Tulu.

==History==
There is a book of prayers in Tulu titled ''Dyanada Book'' (lit. book of knowledge). There is also a hymn book titled ''Bhakti Gitolu'' (lit. Prayer hyms).

Tulu in this church is not a modern inculturation transplant. The credit for introducing Tulu at Pavoor Church goes to an Italian Jesuit priest who came to Mangalore in 1897. Fr Alexander Camissa, born in 1868 in [[Italy]], spent one year at [[Suratkal]], [[Mangalore taluk]] learning Tulu. He continued his Tulu studies at [[Jeppu]] Seminary where he was a teacher. While there, he came across persons belonging to a nomadic tribe who made a miserable living weaving baskets and doing odd jobs for a pittance.

When Fr Alexander started the Pavoor Mission in 1913 it was a barren landscape. He obtained {{convert|300|acre|km2}} of land from the government and settled them there. For the first time they had land of their own to settle down and give up their nomadic life.

Thus, the Tulu language services were initiated because the original settlers of Pavoor parish were illiterate, knowing neither Kannada nor Konkani, the dominant church service languages in the region. Even today the original settlers constitute about 95% of the 110 families in the parish, the rest 10 being [[Konkanis]]. But, today the settlers are better educated and economically advanced.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite book
|year=2000
|last=Parpola
|first=Marjatta
|title=Kerala Brahmins in transition: a study of a Nampūtiri family
|publisher=Finnish Oriental Society
|isbn=978-951-9380-48-3}}
{{refend}}
{{Kasaragod district}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Churches in Mangalore Diocese]]
[[Category:Manjeshwar area]]