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Governor India

2026-06-07T15:57:23Z

117.231.224.104:

{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Governor
| body = Indian States
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]] [[The Honourable]]
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}} (incl. allowances) per month
| appointer = [[President of India]]
| termlength = 5 years
| deputy =
}}
{{Politics of India}}
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.|300px|thumb|upright]]

In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref>

== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==

=== Qualifications ===
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:

A governor:

* must be at least 35 years of age.
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].
* should not hold any office of profit.
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.

=== Appointment ===
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref>

A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref>

=== Term of office ===
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" />

== Powers and functions ==

The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.

Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref>

A governor has different types of powers:
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.
=== Executive powers ===

* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref>
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref>
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref>
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref>
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref>
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref>
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref>

=== Legislative powers ===

* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref>
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref>
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref>
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref>
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref>

=== Judicial powers ===

* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref>
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref>
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref>

=== Discretionary powers ===
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.
*They can impose [[president's rule]].
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353

]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.

=== Emergency powers ===
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref>

==Emoluments/Payment==

On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.

Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>

In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-

* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref>

== Removal ==

A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" />

The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref>

==Legal immunity==

Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.

As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref>

==Analysis of role in Government==
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.

The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" />

Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>

== Oath ==
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name
of the State).”
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==
'''Legend'''
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Additional Charge
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Acting
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Governor- designate
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! State (list)
! Portrait
! Officeholder
! Assumed office {{small|(term length)}}
!Appointed By
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}
| [[File:Justice S. Abdul Nazeer.jpg|border|97x97px]]
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}} ({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|border|92x92px]]
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}} {{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}
|-
| [[Assam]] ([[List of governors of Assam|list]])
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}} ({{ayd|2024|7|30}})
|-
| [[Bihar]] ([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain receiving President Droupadi Murmu (cropped).jpg|border|70px]]
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}} ({{ayd|2026|3|14}})
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]] ([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}} ({{ayd|2024|7|31}})
|-
| [[Goa]] ([[List of governors of Goa|list]])
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}} ({{ayd|2025|7|26}})
|-
| [[Gujarat]] ([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])
| [[File:The Governor of Himachal Pradesh, Shri Acharya Devvrat calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on July 29, 2016 (cropped).jpg|border|89x89px]]
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}} ({{ayd|2019|7|22}})
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|-
| [[Haryana]] ([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}} ({{ayd|2025|7|21}})
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] ([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}} {{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}
|-
| [[Jharkhand]] ([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}} ({{ayd|2024|07|31}})
|-
| [[Karnataka]] ([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|border|85x85px]]
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}} ({{ayd|2021|7|11}})
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|-
| [[Kerala]] ([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.jpg|border|81x81px]]
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}} ({{ayd|2025|1|2}})
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] ([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}} ({{ayd|2021|7|8}})
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma, Governor of Telangana (cropped).jpg|border|70px]]
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}} ({{ayd|2026|3|10}})
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]
|-
| [[Manipur]] ([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|border|88x88px]]
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}} ({{ayd|2025|01|03}})
|-
| [[Meghalaya]]
([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|border|93x93px]]
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}} ({{ayd|2024|07|30}})
|-
| [[Mizoram]] ([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])
| [[File:DncrmowVYAA6c2i.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}} ({{ayd|2025|01|16}})
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])
| [[File:Governor of Nagaland Nand Kishor Yadav.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}} ({{ayd|2026|3|13}})
|-
| [[Odisha]] ([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}} ({{ayd|2025|01|03}})
|-
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] ([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|border|87x87px]]
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}} ({{ayd|2024|7|31}})
|-
| [[Rajasthan]] ([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''
|-
| [[Sikkim]] ([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|border|87x87px]]
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar, Governor of Kerala.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}} ({{ayd|2026|3|12}})
|-
| [[Telangana]]
([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}} ({{ayd|2026|3|11}})
|-
| [[Tripura]] ([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}} ({{ayd|2023|10|26}})
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] ([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])
| [[File:Anandiben Patel Ji.jpg|border|93x93px]]
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}} ({{ayd|2019|7|29}})
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]] ([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])
| [[File:GurmitSingh (cropped).jpg|border|83x83px]]
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}} ({{ayd|2021|9|15}})
|-
|[[West Bengal]] ([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])
| [[File:R.N. Ravi.jpg|70px|border]]
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}} ({{ayd|2026|3|12}})
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]
|-
|}

== Records ==
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder.
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.

== See also ==
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]

* [[List of female governors in India]]
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]
* [[Federalism in India]]
* [[Rajpramukh]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}

[[Category:State governors of India]]
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]

Arif Mohammad Khan

2026-06-07T15:53:39Z

117.231.224.104:

{{short description|29th Governor of Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{for|the alpine skier|Arif Khan (skier)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arif Mohammad Khan
| caption = Khan, {{circa|2025}}
| image = Arif Mohammad Khan in Bihar with PM Narendra Modi (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| office = 29th [[List of Governors of Bihar|Governor of Bihar]]
| term_start = {{Start date|2025|01|02|df=yes}}
| term_end = 5 March 2026
| predecessor = [[Rajendra Arlekar]]
| successor = [[Syed Ata Hasnain]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| office1 = 22nd [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| termstart1 = 6 September 2019
| termend1 = 2 January 2025
| predecessor1 = [[P. Sathasivam]]
| successor1 = [[Rajendra Arlekar]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Minister of Civil Aviation]]
| term_start2 = 6 December 1989
| term_end2 = 10 November 1990
| primeminister2 = [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]]
| president2 =
| predecessor2 = [[V. P. Singh]]
| successor2 = [[Harmohan Dhawan]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|11|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bulandshahr]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| nationality = Indian
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency3 = [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| termstart3 = {{Start date|1980||}}
| termend3 = {{End date|1984||}}
| predecessor3 = [[Manohar Lal (politician)|Manohar Lal]]
| successor3 = [[Naresh Chander Chaturvedi]]
| constituency4 = [[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh]]
| predecessor4 = [[Syed_Muzaffar_Hussain_(Lok_Sabha_member)|Maulana Saiyad Muzaffar Hussain]]
| successor4 = [[Rudrasen Chaudhary]]
| termstart4 = {{Start date|1984||}}
| termend4 = {{End date|1991||}}
| constituency5 = [[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh]]
| predecessor5 = [[Padamsen Chaudhary]]
| successor5 = Padamsen Chaudhary
| termstart5 = {{Start date|1998||}}
| termend5 = {{End date|1999||}}
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Sayyada Reshma Arif|1977}}
| children = 2
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan, Patna]]
}}

'''Arif Mohammad Khan''' (born 18 November 1951) is an Indian politician who served as the 30th [[Governor of Bihar]] from 2025 to 2026.<ref name="IT_24Dec2024">{{cite magazine |last1=Negi |first1=Manjeet |date=24 December 2024 |title=Ex-bureaucrat Ajay Bhalla appointed Manipur Governor, Arif Khan moved to Bihar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/former-home-secretary-ajay-kumar-bhalla-appointed-manipur-governor-2654907-2024-12-24 |magazine=India Today |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), and previously served as [[Governor of Kerala]] from 2018 to 2025, and as a [[Union Council of Ministers|Union minister]], holding several portfolios ranging from energy to civil aviation.<ref name="Krishna2011">{{cite book |author=Ananth V. Krishna |date=September 2011 |title=India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics |publisher=Pearson Education India |page=292 |isbn=9788131734650 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC&pg=PA292}}</ref><ref name="AyresOldenburg2005">{{cite book |author1=Alyssa Ayres |author2=Philip Oldenburg |date=2005 |title=India Briefing: Takeoff at Last? |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |page=22 |isbn=978-0-7656-1592-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFHLwJjPv00C&pg=PA22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Women get a raw deal again: Muslim Personal Law Board is still stuck in Shah Bano timewarp as its opposition to triple talaq bill proves |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 January 2018 |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/women-get-a-raw-deal-again-muslim-personal-law-board-is-still-stuck-in-shah-bano-timewarp-as-its-opposition-to-triple-talaq-bill-proves/ }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Arif Mohammad Khan was born on 18 November 1951 in [[Bulandshahr]]. He was educated at Jamia Millia School, Delhi, [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[Aligarh]] and at [[Shia College, Lucknow|Shia College]], [[University of Lucknow]].<ref name="Lok Sabha" />
[[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|thumb|275x275px]]
Khan, {{circa|Khan in 2019}}

Ex-MLA [[Asif Muhammad Khan]] is his younger brother.
Arif Mohammad Khan translated [[Vande Mataram]] into [[Urdu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/unnecessary-and-irrelevant/232420|title=Unnecessary And Irrelevant|website=Outlook India|date=6 September 2006 |access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> It can be read in Urdu ([[Devanagari]] script)

== Political career (1972–2019) ==

Khan started his political career as a student leader. He was the President of [[Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union]] in the year 1972–73 and also its honorary Secretary a year earlier (1971–72).<ref name="Lok Sabha">{{Cite web |title=Biographical Sketch of Member of 12th Lok Sabha |website=loksabhaph.nic.in |access-date=1 September 2019 |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2769.htm}}</ref> He contested the first legislative assembly election from [[Syana Assembly constituency|Siyana constituency]] of [[Bulandshahr|Bulandshahar]] on [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]] party's banner but was defeated. He became a member of the legislative assembly of UP in 1977 at the age of 26.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1977 |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>

Khan joined the [[Indian National Congress]] party and was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] in 1980 from [[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]] and 1984 from [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]]. In 1986, he quit the [[Indian National Congress]] due to differences over the passage of [[Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum|Muslim Personal Law Bill]] which was piloted by [[Rajiv Gandhi]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]. He was against the legislation to enable Muslim men to avoid giving their divorced wife or wives any maintenance after the [[iddah]] period as per the Quran and resigned because of differences with [[Rajiv Gandhi]] on this issue. Khan joined the [[Janata Dal]] and was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989. During the [[Janata Dal]] rule Khan served as Union Minister of [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]]. He left the [[Janata Dal]] to join the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and again entered the Lok Sabha in 1998 from [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]]. Khan held ministerial responsibilities from 1984 to 1990. In 2004, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and unsuccessfully contested the Lok Sabha election that year from [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]] constituency. Later BJP appointed Khan as the Governor of Kerala and later was appointed the Governor of Bihar.

==Jain Hawala Case==
Journalist Sanjay Kapoor, in his book "Bad Money, Bad Politics" has claimed that Khan received an amount of 7 crores of [[Hawala]] money. As per the CBI charge sheet, he was accused of being paid this amount of money when he was Union Minister, but he was later acquitted in the case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arif, Jain brothers acquitted in hawala case |newspaper=The Tribune (Chandigarh) |date=8 September 1998 |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/1998/98sep08/head1.htm}}</ref>

==Political views==
===Reformation in Islam===
Arif Mohammad Khan has always supported reformation within Muslims.<ref>{{cite news |author=Arif Mohammad Khan |title=No country for triple talaq |newspaper=Indian Express |date=6 June 2017 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/no-country-for-triple-talaq-4690585/ }}</ref> He resigned from position of Minister of state protesting against Rajiv Gandhi Congress Government stand on Shah Bano case in 1986.<ref name="Scroll interview">Ajaz Ashraf, [https://scroll.in/article/730642/arif-on-shah-bano-case-najma-heptullah-was-key-influence-on-rajiv-gandhi Arif on Shah Bano case: 'Najma Heptullah was key influence on Rajiv Gandhi'], Scroll.in, 30 May 2015.</ref> He defended Supreme Court judgement on [[Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum |Shah Bano case]] in Parliament.<ref>Shishir Tripathi, [http://www.firstpost.com/india/triple-talaq-negates-both-equality-and-dignity-of-muslim-women-arif-mohammad-khan-3050810.html Triple talaq negates both equality and dignity of Muslim women: Arif Mohammad Khan], Firstpost, 14 October 2016.</ref><ref>Namita Kohli, [http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajiv-gandhi-govt-caved-under-pressure-from-narasimha-rao-najma-heptulla-during-shah-bano/story-N3or1pJErtJkSUmqGX96FP.html ‘Rajiv was pressured by Narasimha Rao, Najma Heptulla during Shah Bano’], Hindustan Times 11 September 2016.</ref> Khan opposed [[triple talaq in India]] and said that pronouncement of divorce by Muslim men in such manner should be punishable by 3 years in jail.<ref>Eram Agha, [http://www.news18.com/news/india/triple-talaq-should-be-made-punishable-with-3-years-jail-arif-mohd-khan-1320876.html Triple Talaq Should be Punishable With 3 Years Jail: Arif], News18, 13 March 2017.</ref> Khan has asserted that Muslim men are still allowed to be polygamous and can also give a divorce easily by paying paltry sums.<ref name="Hindustan Times 2017">{{cite news |title=If triple talaq can be challenged, why can't polygamy? |website=Hindustan Times |date=24 August 2017 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/if-triple-talaq-can-be-challenged-why-can-t-polygamy/story-VgzqqGfIT9GsHjyNCBKjnO.html }}</ref>

Khan welcomed the Karnataka High Court's judgement upholding that the [[hijab]] is not an essential garment according to [[Islam]] during the [[2022 Karnataka hijab row]], stating that enforcing the wearing of a hijab is a conspiracy to push back Muslim females into the four walls of their homes and reduce their career prospects - he gave an example of imagining a female [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer who is responsible for controlling law and order in a district, who cannot do so wearing a hijab.<ref name="India Today 2022">{{cite news |title=Karnataka hijab row: Kerala Governor Arif Mohammed welcomes HC's verdict |website=India Today |date=17 March 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/karnataka-hijab-row-kerala-governor-arif-mohammed-welcomes-hc-verdict-video-1926256-2022-03-17 }}</ref><ref name="Shakil 2022">{{cite news |last=Shakil |first=Marya |title='Muslim Girls Won't be Restricted Anymore': Kerala Guv Arif Mohammad Khan Hails Hijab Verdict |website=News18 |date=15 March 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/muslim-girls-wont-be-restricted-anymore-kerala-guv-arif-mohammad-khan-hails-hijab-verdict-4877594.html }}</ref>

On being asked for a reaction about the [[murder of Kanhaiya Lal]] in [[Udaipur]] by reporters, Khan responded that [[madrasa]]s teach that [[Islam and blasphemy|blasphemy]] should be punished by beheading and demanded that what is taught there should be examined.<ref name="The New Indian Express 2022">{{cite news |title=Islamic law that advocates beheading being taught in madrasas: Kerala Guv Arif Khan |website=The New Indian Express |date=30 June 2022 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/jun/30/islamic-law-that-advocates-beheading-being-taught-in-madrasas-kerala-guv-arif-khan-2471213.html}}</ref>

==Current activities==
Khan has been deeply involved in writing since his student days. He is the author of the best-selling book of the year 2010 ''Text and Context: Quran and Contemporary Challenges'', published by Rupa & Co.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newageislam.com/books-and-documents/Text%20and%20Context-Quran%20and%20Contemporary%20Challenges%20By%20Arif%20Mohammed%20Khan/d/4872 |title=Let the Quran Speak for Itself, Books and Documents, Saif Shahin, NewAgeIslam.com, New Age Islam |publisher=Newageislam.com |access-date=9 May 2013}}</ref> Now Arif Mohammad Khan is actively involved in writing articles and columns related to Islam and [[Sufism]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Arif Mohammad Khan |title=Is there any scope for change and reform in Islam? |newspaper=Tehelka |date=28 February 2013 |url=http://tehelka.com/is-there-any-scope-for-change-and-reform-in-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515052346/http://tehelka.com/is-there-any-scope-for-change-and-reform-in-islam/ |archive-date=15 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has advocated abolishing of All India Muslim Personal Law Board.<ref name="Scroll interview"/> Arif Mohammad Khan also supported the [[Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum|Supreme Court of India's Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum]] to make the right to maintenance of a divorced Muslim wife absolute.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arif Mohammad Khan welcomes Supreme Court's ruling on Section 125 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 April 2015 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arif-mohammad-khan-welcomes-supreme-courts-ruling-on-section-125/articleshow/46843490.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Bula Devi |title="It's Not About The Slogan. By Throwing Challenges, Owaisi Is Reviving Separatism." |newspaper=Outlook India Magazine |date=25 March 2016 |url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/its-not-about-the-slogan-by-throwing-challenges-owaisi-is-reviving-separatism/296900 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030747/https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/its-not-about-the-slogan-by-throwing-challenges-owaisi-is-reviving-separatism/296900 |archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>

== Governorship (2019– 2026) ==
[[File:Arif Mohammad Khan in Bihar with PM Narendra Modi.jpg|144x144px]]

Khan, {{circa|Khan as a governor (2025)}}
=== Governor of Kerala (2019–2025)===
[[File:Arif Mohammad Khan (cropped).jpg|130x130px]]

Khan, {{circa|2024}}

Khan was appointed the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] on 1 September 2019 by the order of the [[President of India]], [[Ram Nath Kovind]]. He took charge as Governor on 6 September 2019 from [[P. Sathasivam]] he continued in office till 2 January 2025. Then he was appointed as the [[Governor of Bihar|Governor of Bihar.]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Arif Mohammad Khan takes oath in Malayalam |website=The Times of India |date=7 September 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/arif-mohammad-khan-takes-oath-in-malayalam/articleshow/71016534.cms }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arif Mohammad Khan Sworn In As Kerala Governor |newspaper=NDTV News |date=6 September 2019 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/arif-mohammad-khan-sworn-in-as-kerala-governor-2096562}}</ref> The political controversy regarding the appointment of vice-chancellors of backgrounds from SFI/CPIM to the universities of Kerala had put him in the spotlight.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Kerala governor wants 11 university V-Cs out & how it's turned into a political slugfest |newspaper=The Print |date=26 October 2022 |url=https://theprint.in/india/education/why-kerala-governor-arif-khan-wants-9-vcs-to-resign-and-why-its-causing-a-political-stink/1182083/}}</ref> He wasn't given a proper farewell by the Kerala state government owing to various controversies between the office of the governor and the government. His farewell wasn't attended by the Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] nor any of the cabinet ministers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No thank you to Guv Arif, welcome Guv Arlekar |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2025/01/01/kerala-governor-arlekar-arif-khan.html |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=No thank you to Guv Arif, welcome Guv Arlekar |language=en}}</ref>

=== Governor of Bihar (2025–2026) ===
[[File:Arif Mohammad Khan in Bihar with PM Narendra Modi.jpg|144x144px]]

Khan, {{circa|2025}}

Khan was appointed by the president as the [[Governor of Bihar]] on 24 December 2024,<ref name="IT_24Dec2024" /> and assumed office on 2 January 2025. He left office on 14 March 2026 when he was replaced by [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] after just a period of 1 year & 71 days.

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! #
!Image
! Took office !! Left office
!Tenure length!! Position !! Political Party
|-
| 1.
| [[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|176x176px]]|| 1977 || 1980
|3 years|| [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] (1st term) in 7th UP assembly from [[Syana Assembly constituency|Syana]] || [[Janata Party]]
|-
| 2.
| [[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|177x177px]]|| 1980 || 1984
|4 years|| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (1st term) in 7th Lok Sabha from [[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 3.
|[[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|177x177px]]|| 1984 || 1989
|5 years|| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (2nd term) in 8th Lok Sabha from [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|4.
| [[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|177x177px]]
|1989
|1991
|2 years
|[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Minister of Civil Aviation]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
| 5.
| [[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|177x177px]]|| 1989 || 1991
|2 years|| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (3rd term) in 9th Lok Sabha from [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]] || [[Janata Dal]]
|-
| 6.
| [[File:Governor Arif Mohammad Khan.jpg|177x177px]]|| 1998 || 1999
|1 year|| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (4th term) in 12th Lok Sabha from [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]] || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|-
|7.
|[[File:Arif Mohammad Khan (cropped).jpg|144x144px]]
|6 September
2019
|2 January 2025
|5 years, 118 days
|[[Governor of Kerala]]
| -
|-
|8.
|[[File:Arif Mohammad Khan in Bihar with PM Narendra Modi.jpg|144x144px]]
|2 January 2025
|14 March 2026
| 1 year, 71 days
|[[Governor of Bihar]]
| -
|}

==See also==
*[[Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986]]
*[[Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum]]
*[[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]]
*[[Syed Zafar Islam]]
*[[Tahir Aslam Gora]]
*[[Tarek Fatah]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190404/http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP31.htm Parliament of India profile]
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Manohar Lal (politician)|Manohar Lal]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur]] |years=1980 – 1984}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Naresh Chander Chaturvedi]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Maulana Saiyad Muzaffar Hussain]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]] |years=1984 – 1991}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rudrasen Chaudhary]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Padamsen Chaudhary]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]] |years=1998 – 1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Padamsen Chaudhary]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[P. Sathasivam]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] |years=6 September 2019 – 2 January 2025}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rajendra Arlekar]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rajendra Arlekar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Bihar|Governor of Bihar]] |years=2 January 2025 – 13 March 2026}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]}}
|-
{{s-end}}
{{Current Indian governors|Kerala=Arif Mohammad Khan}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Arif Mohammad}}
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Bahraich district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Ministers of power of India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]