John F. Kennedy

2022-10-28T07:14:46Z

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{{Redirect-multi|2|JFK|John Kennedy}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = John F. Kennedy
|image = John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg
|caption = Oval Office portrait, 1963
|office = 35th [[President of the United States]]
|vicepresident = Lyndon B. Johnson
|term_start = January 20, 1961
|term_end = November 22, 1963
|predecessor = [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]
|successor = [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
|jr/sr1 = United States Senator
|state1 = [[Massachusetts]]
|term_start1 = January 3, 1953
|term_end1 = December 22, 1960
|predecessor1 = [[Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.]]
|successor1 = [[Benjamin A. Smith II]]
|state2 = [[Massachusetts]]
|district2 = {{ushr|MA|11|11th}}
|term_start2 = January 3, 1947
|term_end2 = January 3, 1953
|predecessor2 = [[James Michael Curley]]
|successor2 = [[Tip O'Neill]]
|birth_name = John Fitzgerald Kennedy
|birth_date = {{birth date|1917|5|29}}
|birth_place = [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], U.S.
|death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|1963|11|22|1917|5|29}}}}
|death_cause = [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|Assassination]]
|death_place = [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], U.S.
|restingplace = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Jacqueline Lee Bouvier]]|September 12, 1953}}
|children = 4 (including [[John F. Kennedy Jr.|John Jr.]] and [[Caroline Kennedy|Caroline]])
|parents = [[Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.]] [[Rose Kennedy|Rose Fitzgerald]]
|relatives = See [[Kennedy family]]
|education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Stanford University]]
|signature = John F Kennedy Signature 2.svg
|signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink
|allegiance = {{flag|United States|1912}}
|branch = {{flag|United States Navy}}
|serviceyears = 1941–1945
|rank = [[File:US Navy O3 infobox.svg|25px]] [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]]
|unit = Motor Torpedo Squadron 2 {{*}}[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109|Patrol Torpedo Boat 109]] {{*}}[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-59|Patrol Torpedo Boat 59]]
|battles = [[World War II]] {{*}}[[Solomon Islands campaign]]
|mawards = [[File:Navy and Marine Corps Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Navy and Marine Corps Medal]] [[File:Purple Heart BAR.svg|border|23px]] [[Purple Heart]] [[File:American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[American Defense Service Medal]] [[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[American Campaign Medal]] [[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] (with 3 [[service star]]s) [[File:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory]]<ref name="JFKlibrary.org misc">{{cite web |url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/Reference+Desk/John+F.+Kennedy+Miscellaneous+Information.htm |title=John F. Kennedy Miscellaneous Information |publisher=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831043852/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical%2BResources/Archives/Reference%2BDesk/John%2BF.%2BKennedy%2BMiscellaneous%2BInformation.htm |archivedate=August 31, 2009}}</ref>
}}
'''John Fitzgerald Kennedy''' (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963),<ref name=nytimes_garrow>{{cite news|last=Garrow|first=David J.|title=Substance Over Sex In Kennedy Biography|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/28/books/books-of-the-times-substance-over-sex-in-kennedy-biography.html|accessdate=January 20, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 28, 2003}}</ref> often called '''JFK''' and '''Jack''', was the 35th [[president of the United States]]. He was in office from January 20, 1961 until his [[assassination]] on November 22, 1963. He was the youngest president elected to the office, at the age of 43. Events during his presidency included the [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]], the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], the building of the [[Berlin Wall]], the [[Space Race]], the [[Civil Rights Movement]], and early stages of the [[Vietnam War]]. He was the youngest president of the United States to die in office.<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnfkennedy John F. Kennedy] at White House.gov</ref>

==Childhood and education==

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born at 83 Beals Street in the Coolidge Corner neighborhood in [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] on May 29, 1917. He was the second of nine children of [[Kennedy Family|Joseph P. Kennedy]] (1888–1969). His father was a businessman and later US [[ambassador]] in the [[United Kingdom]] from 1938 until 1940. His mother was [[Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy|Rose Fitzgerald]] (1890–1995). The family was Roman Catholic.

Kennedy graduated from [[Harvard University]] with a [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor's Degree]] in [[International relations|International Relations]]. Before [[World War II]] began, he tried joining the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]], but was rejected because he had back problems; he instead joined the [[United States Navy|Navy]]. When his [[PT boat]] was sunk by a Japanese [[warship|destroyer]] in 1943, he seriously injured his back. He still saved his surviving crew, for which he was later rewarded with a medal for his bravery.

He was elected to the [[US Congress]] in 1946, and the [[US Senate]] in 1952. He married [[Jacqueline Kennedy|Jacqueline Bouvier]] on September 12, 1953. The couple had four children; a [[Stillbirth|stillborn]] daughter (b. 1956), [[Caroline Bouvier Kennedy|Caroline]] (b. 1957), [[John F. Kennedy Jr.|John]] (1960–1999) and Patrick, who was [[Premature birth|born prematurely]] in August 1963 and lived only for two days.

== Presidency, 1961–63 ==

Kennedy was a member of the [[United States Democratic Party]]. He beat his [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] opponent, [[Richard Nixon]], in the [[1960 United States presidential election|1960 presidential election]]. Kennedy was the youngest president ever elected. He was also the first [[Roman Catholic]] President and the first president to win a [[Pulitzer Prize]]. Kennedy was a very good speaker and inspired a new generation of young Americans.

In the beginning of his term, he approved the [[CIA|CIA's]] plan to [[Invasion|invade]] [[Cuba]]. After the invasion turned out to be a failure, the Cuban Missile Crisis began. During the crisis, Cuba ordered a lot of [[nuclear missile]]s from the [[Soviet Union]]. It was the closest the world was to having a [[nuclear war]]. Kennedy ordered US Navy ships to surround Cuba. He ended the crisis peacefully by making an agreement with the Soviet Union. They agreed that the Soviet Union would stop selling nuclear weapons to Cuba. In return, the U.S. would take its missiles out of [[Turkey]] and promise to never invade Cuba again.

He also created a plan called the [[New Frontier]]. This was a series of government programs, such as [[urban renewal]], to help [[Poverty|poor]] and [[working class]] people. He created the [[Peace Corps]] to help poor countries all over the world. He agreed to a large [[tax]] cut to help the [[economy]]. He also called for the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], which would make [[discrimination]] and [[segregation]] illegal. Kennedy intended to reach a [[detente|détente]] with Cuban Premier, [[Fidel Castro]], and to withdraw all US military advisers from [[Vietnam]].<ref>[http://consortiumnews.com/2013/11/25/jfks-embrace-of-third-world-nationalists/ JFK's embrace of third world nationalists]</ref>

== Death ==
{{main|Assassination of John F. Kennedy}}

Kennedy was shot dead on November 22, 1963, in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]]. He was being driven through the city in an open-top car, along with [[John Connally]], the [[Governor of Texas]]. As the car drove into [[Dealey Plaza]], [[Gunshot|shots]] were fired. He was shot once in the throat and once in the head. Kennedy was taken to [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]] {{convert|4|mi}} away and he was pronounced dead at 1:00 p.m.

[[Lee Harvey Oswald]], a former [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine]], was the prime suspect in the murder, and he was arrested on the same day for the murder of a [[policeman]] called [[J. D. Tippit]]. Oswald denied shooting anyone and was killed two days later on November 24 by [[Jack Ruby]].

Kennedy had a [[state funeral]] on November 25, three days after his murder, near to the [[White House]]. He was buried in [[Arlington National Cemetery]] in [[Arlington, Virginia]].

== Legacy ==

After Kennedy died, [[Lyndon Johnson]] (his [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]) took over and put many of Kennedy's ideas into law (see [[Great Society]]).

Kennedy was a very popular president and still is today. He is considered one of the greatest presidents, ranking highly in public [[survey]]s and [[opinion poll]]s.{{sfn|Dallek|2003|p=700}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/35_kennedy/kennedy_legacy.html|title=The American Experience – JFK|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=2017-08-31|archive-date=2011-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018132942/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/35_kennedy/kennedy_legacy.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jfklibrary.org/ JFK Library and Museum]
* [http://store.jfklibrary.org/ JFK Library and Museum Online Store]
* {{Find a Grave|574|accessdate=2013-11-17}}

{{USPresidents}}
{{Time Persons of the Year 1951–1975}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kennedy, John F.}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Assassinated presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Texas]]
[[Category:John F. Kennedy| ]]
[[Category:Kennedy family]]
[[Category:People from Brookline, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize winners]]
[[Category:1960 United States presidential candidates]]
[[Category:United States representatives from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:United States senators from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:US Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]

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John F. Kennedy