Kathua district

2022-06-06T19:35:52Z

122.162.150.252:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kathua district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Dhaggar village view.jpg
| image_caption = Mountainous areas in the east of Kathua
| image_map = Jammu and Kashmir Kathua district.svg
| map_caption = Location of Kathua district in Jammu and Kashmir
| coordinates = {{Coord|32|35|N|75|30|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| coor_pinpoint = Kathua
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jammu Division]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = District Headquarter
| seat = [[Kathua]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = Bani, [[Basholi]], [[Billawar]], [[Hiranagar]], [[Kathua]], Nagri-Parole, Marheen, Dinga Amb, Mahanpur, Lohai Malhar, Ramkote.
| area_total_km2 = 2,502
| area_urban_km2 = 43.16
| area_rural_km2 = 2458.84
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite report
|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0107_PART_A_DCHB_KATHUA.pdf |page=8 |work=Census of India 2011, Part A |title=District Census Handbook Kathua |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 616,435
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011-C01"/>
| population_urban = 89,713
| population_rural = 526,722
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 73.09%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 890
| leader_title = District Development Council Chairperson
| leader_name = Mann Singh
| leader_title1 = District Collector
| leader_name1 = Rahul Yadav([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = JK-08
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = NH 44(Pathankot-Jammu), Bhaderwah-Basoli Highway, Border Road(Kathua-Bishnah).
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 921cm ( Annual-Billawar) mm
| website = https://kathua.nic.in/
| official_name =
| leader_party = [[BJP]]
| subdivision_type3 = Parliamentary Constituency
| subdivision_name3 = [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur-Doda-Kathua Constituency]]
}}

'''Kathua district''' is one of 20 administrative districts that comprise the Indian [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is surrounded by [[Jammu district|Jammu]] to the northwest, the [[Doda district|Doda]] and [[Udhampur]] districts to the north, the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the east, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to the south, and [[Pakistan]]'s working boundary to the west. Its terrain is diverse, consisting of rich agricultural areas along the Punjab/Kashmir border, plains sweeping eastward to the foothills of the [[Himalaya]], and the mountainous Pahari region in the east..

Kathua district is divided into 8 blocks: Bani, Barnoti, Basholi, [[Billawar]], Duggan, Ghagwal, Hiranagar, Kathua and Lohai Malhar. It has approximately 512 villages.

The traditional language of Kathua is [[Dogri]]. [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Pahari languages]] are prevalent in the mountainous area of the east. The principal media of education are [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], and [[Urdu]].

==History==
{{maplink |frame=yes|frame-lat=32.58|frame-long=75.56
|frame-width=300 |frame-height=300 |frame-align=right|text= '''Kathua district''' in J & K
|zoom=9|type=shape |id=Q2375700
|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|title=Kathua district
}}
Jodh Singh of the Andotra clan(shares ancestry with Tomar and Som Rajputs) is believed to have migrated from Hastinapur to [Kathua] nearly 2,000 years ago.

His three sons established the three Hamlets of Taraf Tajwal, Taraf Manjali and Taraf Bhajwal. Their descendants are now called as Tajwalia, Bhajwalia and Khanwalia Rajputs of ANDOTRA sub-caste.
Prior to 1921, the Kathua district was known as the [[Jasrota]] district. Between 1921–1931, the headquarters of the district was shifted to [[Kathua]] without any alteration in the area of governance.<ref>{{citation |title=Agrarian Legislation in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KMeAQAAIAAJ |year=1973 |publisher=Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics |page=232}}</ref><ref>{{citation |author=Office of the Registrar General |title=Census of India, 1961: Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9QUdAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Manager of Publications |page=142}}</ref>

Greek historians, who provide an insight into the ancient history of Jammu hills, prominently record the existence in this area of two powerful empires - [[Abhisara]] (present day [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]]) and [[Kathaioi]] - at the time of invasion of India by [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]. [[Strabo]] describes Kathaioi as a mighty [[republic]] of that era, located in the foothills along the [[Ravi River]]. The topography of Kathaioi corresponds with the present day Kathua. Strabo describes the people of this republic as the epitome of bravery and courage, and records that they gave a tough fight to invading army of Alexander.

There are many places which commemorate a visit to Kathua [[Pandavas|by Pandavas]]. Lord [[Krishna]] is also said to have come to this area, in order to get back from Jamawant the [[Syamantaka]] Mani.

Because of its close proximity to the Pakistan border, Kathua District has had a significant Indian Army presence since independence. The Army units were camped at Kathua during militancy in the state when the [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|ultras]] (extremists) carried out attacks against government installations. Some of these ultras were [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (LeT) and infiltration across the border from Pakistan was a major concern.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kak. M. L. |date=29 August 2001 |title=Kathua next target of ultras ISI shifts officer to Sialkot Sector |newspaper=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh, India |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010830/j&k.htm#1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020118004429/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010830/j%26k.htm#1 |archive-date=18 January 2002 |url-status=live }}</ref> There were many attacks in the region beginning in the late 1980s. Among them, in 2002, in March ten people were killed in an attack in Kathua at a temple, in May thirty-two people were killed in an attack on a bus and Army residential complex, in July twenty-nine people were killed in an attack near Qasim Nagar, in September twelve people were killed when ultras attacked a bus at Hiranagar Morh.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sharma, S. P.|date=1 October 2002|title=Attack shows chinks in police set-up|newspaper=The Tribune|location=Chandigarh, India|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021002/main2.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021221155427/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021002/main2.htm|archive-date=21 December 2002|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, three terrorists attacked on army camp in front of District Hospital in Kathua killing two people. By 2008 the attacks had ceased.<ref name="Singh">{{Cite journal|author=Singh, Ajit Kumar|year=2013|title=J&K: Escalating Failures|journal=South Asia Intelligence Review: Weekly Assessments & Briefings|volume=12|issue=13 |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/sair12/12_13.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108043209/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/sair12/12_13.htm|archive-date=8 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> But in 2013, ultras attacked a police station, killing four policemen and a civilian, stole a truck and then attacked an army camp in the neighboring Samba District.<ref name="Singh" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hassan, Ishfaq ul|date=26 September 2013|title=All three ultras in J&K terror attack killed, search operations over|newspaper=DNA (Diligent Media Corporation)|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-terror-attack-on-police-station-in-jammu-region-5-police-personnel-2-civilians-killed-1894002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108040045/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-terror-attack-on-police-station-in-jammu-region-5-police-personnel-2-civilians-killed-1894002|archive-date=8 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Basohli Paintings==
{{Main|Basohli Painting}}
[[Basohli]], a town of Kathua district, is widely known for its paintings. Immortalised by their artistic eminences and their connoisseur patrons, Basohli today is a metaphor for a vigorous, bold and imaginative artistic style, rich, stylish and unconventional.

A style of painting characterized by vigorous use of primary colours and a peculiar facial formula prevailed in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in the foothills of the Western Himalayas in the Jammu and Punjab States.

The earliest paintings in this style originated in Basohli from where the style spread to the [[Hill States]] of [[Mankot]], [[Nurpur State|Nurpur]], [[Kullu Valley|Kulu]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], [[Kahlur|Bilaspur]], [[Nalagarh]], [[Chamba State|Chamba]], [[Guler State|Guler]] and [[Kangra State|Kangra]]. The first mention of Basohli painting is in the annual report of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] published in 1921.

==Administration==
Kathua is divided into four subdivisions: Bani, Basohli, Billawar/Badnota, and Hiranagar. These sub-divisions are further divided into 11 [[tehsil]]s:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kathua.nic.in/static/admin/Setup.htm|title=Kathua - Official Site|website=kathua.nic.in|access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref>
* Kathua
* Hiranagar
* Billawar
* Basohli
* [[Bani, India|Bani]]
* Nagri
* Marheen
* Dinga Amb
* Mahanpur
* Lohai Malhar
* Ramkote

==Politics==
Kathua District has five assembly constituencies: Bani, Basohli, Kathua, Billawar and Hiranagar (S.C).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/ERos_AERos.html |title=ERO's and AERO's |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir |access-date=2008-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022185235/http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/eros_aeros.html |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{IndiaCensusPop|title= Historical populations
| state =
| align = right
| 1901 = 144722
| 1911 = 142404
| 1921 = 144675
| 1931 = 151394
| 1941 = 166940
| 1951 = 180968
| 1961 = 194997
| 1971 = 256755
| 1981 = 340494
| 1991 = 419120
| 2001 = 511455
| 2011 = 616435
| estimate =
| estyear =
| estref =
| footnote = source:<ref name="censusindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=A-2 Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |access-date=9 August 2019 }}</ref> † 1951 and 1991 populations are estimated
}}
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Kathua district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C01"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.61}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|10.42}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.55}}
{{Bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.42}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Sex Ratio in Kathua District in 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C01"/> (no. females per 1,000 males)
|float=left
|width=360px
|left1=Religion (and population)
|right1=Sex Ratio
|bars=
{{bar pixel|Hindu (pop 540,063)|orange|89.018||890 }}
{{bar pixel|Muslim (pop 64,234)|green|90.447||904 }}
{{bar pixel|Sikh (pop 9,551)|yellow|80.890||809 }}
{{bar pixel|Other (pop 2,587)|grey|87.328||873 }}
{{bar pixel|Total (pop 616,435)|black|89.027||890 }}
}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
| caption=Languages of Kathua district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Dogri language|Dogri]] |value1 = 81.92 |color1 = indigo
|label2 = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Pahadi]] |value2 = 6.94 |color2 = darksalmon
|label3 = [[Gujari language|Gojri]] |value3 = 3.50 |color3 = tomato
|label4 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] |value4 = 2.01 |color4 = LightGreen
|label5 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value5 = 1.86 |color5 = pink
|label6 = [[Hindi]] |value6 = 1.03 |color6 = Yellow
|label7 = Others |value7 = 2.74 |color7 = grey
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Kathua district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 616,435, roughly equal to the nation of [[Solomon Islands]]<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/625-kathua.html|title=Kathua District Population Census 2011, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2017-01-16}}</ref> or the US state of [[Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Vermont 625,741
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2011-01-01
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 521st in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]). The district has a population density of {{convert| 246|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name="census1"/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.53%. Kathua has a [[sex ratio]] of 890 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="census1"/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.09%.<ref name="census1"/>

{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! colspan=10 | Kathua district: religion, gender ratio, and % urban of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C01">{{cite report |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW01C-01%20MDDS.XLS |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!|
!| Hindu
!| Muslim
!| Christian
!| Sikh
!| Buddhist
!| Jain
!| Other
!| Not stated
!| Total
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Total
|| 540,063 || 64,234 || 1,828 || 9,551 || 24 || 16 || 2 || 717 || 616,435
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
|| 87.61% || 10.42% || 0.30% || 1.55% || 0.00% || 0.00% || 0.00% || 0.12% || 100.00%
|-
| colspan=10|
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Male
|| 285,720 || 33,728 || 941 || 5,280 || 12 || 9 || 1 || 418 || 326,109
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Female
|| 254,343 || 30,506 || 887 || 4,271 || 12 || 7 || 1 || 299 || 290,326
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Gender ratio (% female)
|| 47.1% || 47.5% || 48.5% || 44.7% || 50.0% || 43.8% || 50.0% || 41.7% || 47.1%
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;"| Sex ratio (no. of females per 1,000 males)
|| 890 || 904 || 943 || 809 || – || – || – || 715 || 890
|-
| colspan=10|
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Urban
|| 82,162 || 3,272 || 1,111 || 3,015 || 13 || 6 || 1 || 133 || 89,713
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Rural
|| 457,901 || 60,962 || 717 || 6,536 || 11 || 10 || 1 || 584 || 526,722
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | % Urban
|| 15.2% || 5.1% || 60.8% || 31.6% || 54.2% || 37.5% || 50.0% || 18.5% || 14.6%
|-
|}
At the time of the 2011 census, 81.92% of the population spoke [[Dogri language|Dogri]], 6.94% [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Pahari]], 3.50% [[Gujari language|Gojri]], 2.01% [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], 1.86% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and 1.03% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
{{clear|left}}

==See also==
*[[Jasrota]]
*[[Jasrotia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kathua.nic.in/ Kathua district, Official website]
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1944878 Kathua district on OpenStreetMap]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070806122847/http://kathua.nic.in/thumb/basohlipaints.htm Gallery for Basohli paintings]
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kathua district
|North = [[Udhampur district]]
|Northeast = [[Doda district]]
|East = [[Chamba district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Pathankot district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|Southwest = ''[[Pakistan]]''
|West =
|Northwest = [[Samba district]]
}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Kathua district}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kathua District}}
[[Category:Kathua district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]]

IndianPedia - User contributions [en]

Kathua district