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East Khasi Hills district

2022-04-12T09:27:07Z

150.129.101.74:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Meghalaya|District]] of [[Meghalaya]]
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''East Khasi Hills district'''
|type=shape |id=Q1945304
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya
|type2=line|id2=Q1195|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Meghalaya
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Meghalaya
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Shillong
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Meghalaya]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Shillong]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 2752
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/news/536-east-khasi-hills-census-2011-highlights.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-09-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130108070500/http://www.census2011.co.in/news/536-east-khasi-hills-census-2011-highlights.html |archive-date=2013-01-08 }}</ref>
| population_total = 825,922
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 85.7%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1008
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 7
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH-44]], [[National Highway 40 (India)|NH-40]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://eastkhasihills.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = East Khasi Hills.jpg
}}

'''East Khasi Hills''' is an administrative [[district]] in the state of [[Meghalaya]] in [[India]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Shillong]]. The district occupies an [[area]] of 2752 km² and has a [[population]] of 825,922 (as of 2011). As of 2011 it is the most populous district of Meghalaya's [[Districts of Meghalaya| 12 districts]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== History==

The former [[Khasi Hills district]] was divided into East and [[West Khasi Hills]] districts on 28 October 1976. On 4 June 1992, East Khasi Hills District was further divided into two administrative districts of East Khasi Hills District and [[Ri-Bhoi District]].

==Geography==

Shillong is the district headquarters of East Khasi Hills District.

East Khasi Hills District forms a central part of Meghalaya and covers a total geographical area of 2,748 km2. It lies approximately between 25°07" & 25°41" N Lat. And 91°21" & 92°09" E Long.

The north of the district is bounded by the plain of Ri-Bhoi District gradually rising to the rolling grasslands of the [[Shillong Plateau]] interspersed with river valleys, then falls sharply in the Southern portion forming a deep gorges and ravines in [[Mawsynram]] and Shella-Bholaganj, community and rural development block, bordering [[Bangladesh]]. The district is bounded by the Jaintia Hills District to the east and the West Khasi Hills District to the west.

The East Khasi Hills District is mostly hilly with deep gorges and ravines on the southern portion. The most important physiographic features of the district is the Shillong Plateau interspersed with river valley, then fall sharply in the southern portion forming deep gorges and ravine in Mawsynram and Shella-Bholaganj bordering Bangladesh. Shillong peak, 10 km from the city, offers a panoramic view of the scenic country side and is also the highest point in the district as well as in the State.

===Climate===
The climate of the district ranges from temperate in the plateau region to the warmer tropical and sub-tropical pockets on the Northern and Southern regions. The whole of the district is influenced by the south-west monsoon which begins generally from May and continues till September. The weather is humid for the major portion of the year except for the relatively dry spell usually between December and March.

{{Weather box |single line = yes |width = 70% |location = Shillong
|Jan high F = 51
|Feb high F = 54
|Mar high F = 72
|Apr high F = 75
|May high F = 75
|Jun high F = 75
|Jul high F = 75
|Aug high F = 77
|Sep high F = 75
|Oct high F = 63
|Nov high F = 48
|Dec high F = 43

|Jan low F = 33
|Feb low F = 36
|Mar low F = 54
|Apr low F = 59
|May low F = 61
|Jun low F = 64
|Jul low F = 66
|Aug low F = 64
|Sep low F = 64
|Oct low F = 49
|Nov low F = 32
|Dec low F = 26

|Jan rain mm = 1
|Feb rain mm = 3
|Mar rain mm = 109
|Apr rain mm = 312
|May rain mm = 607
|Jun rain mm = 1111
|Jul rain mm = 1159
|Aug rain mm = 741
|Sep rain mm = 552
|Oct rain mm = 242
|Nov rain mm = 25
|Dec rain mm = 15

|Jan rain days = 1
|Feb rain days = 2
|Mar rain days = 5
|Apr rain days = 11
|May rain days = 15
|Jun rain days = 18
|Jul rain days = 19
|Aug rain days = 16
|Sep rain days = 13
|Oct rain days = 6
|Nov rain days = 2
|Dec rain days = 1

|source 1 = http://worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/india/shillong.php
|source 2 =
}}

==Divisions==

===Administrative divisions===
East Khasi Hills division is divided into eight blocks:<ref>{{cite map |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |title=Meghalaya Administrative Divisions |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/administrative_maps/MEGHALAYA.pdf |language=en |format=PDF |year=2011 |access-date=2011-09-29 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=65% style="border:1px solid black"
|- bgcolor=#99ccff
| width="10%" | '''Name'''
| width="20%" | '''Headquarters'''
| width="20%" | '''Population'''
| width="10%" | '''Location'''
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Khatarshnong Laitkroh|| Mawjrong|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Khatarshnong Laitkroh.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Mawkynrew|| Mawkynrew|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Mawkynrew.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| [[Mawphlang]]|| [[Mawphlang]]|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Mawphlang.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Mawryngkneng|| Mawryngkneng|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Mawryngknang.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Mawsynram|| [[Mawsynram]]|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Mawsynram.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Mylliem|| Mylliem|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Mylliem.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Pynsursla|| Pynsursla|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Pynsursla.png|120px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| Shella Bholaganj|| [[Cherrapunjee]]|| || [[File:East Khasi Hills Subdivisions Shella Bholaganj.png|120px|center]]
|}

==Demographics==
{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in East Khasi Hills|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1='''Religions'''|right1='''%age'''|bars={{bar percent|[[Christians]]|blue|65.79}}{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|17.55}}
{{bar percent|Others#|red|14.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|1.72}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhists]]|yellow|0.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhs]]|magenta|0.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Jains]]|pink|0.03}}
|caption=#, includes [[animists]] and [[tribal religions in India|ethnic religions]].}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], East Khasi Hills district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 825,922,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Comoros]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Comoros 794,683 July 2011 est. | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> or the US state of [[South Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=South Dakota 814,180
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 478th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 292 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.68%.<ref name=districtcensus/> East Khasi Hills has a [[sex ratio]] of 1008 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 84.7%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

==Culture==

===Places of interest===

* [[Kongthong]] village is a popular tourist destination where people use the [[whistled language]]<ref name=m1>{{cite web|url=http://amazingindiablog.in/kongthong-a-village-in-meghalaya-where-people-whistle-to-communicate/|title=Kongthong – A Village in Meghalaya where People Whistle to Communicate|website=amazingindiablog.in|date=10 August 2017|access-date=14 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=m2>{{cite web|url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/kongthong-among-3-indian-entries-for-unwto-best-village-contest-meghalaya-cm-1202328
| title= Kongthong among 3 Indian entries for UNWTO 'Best Village Contest': Meghalaya CM | website= Assama Tribune | date= 9 September 2021 |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> and build [[living root bridge]]s.

* [[Kynrem Falls]]

* [[Mawlynnong]] village, located in the Pynsursla block, is known for its cleanliness. The travel magazine ''Discover India'' declared the village as the cleanest in Asia in 2003, and the cleanest in India in 2005.<ref name="megtourism_eco">[http://megtourism.gov.in/ecodestination.html Eco Destination], Department of Tourism, Government of Meghalaya</ref>

* [[Nohkalikai Falls]] one of the tallest falls in India is located near Sohra (Cherrapunjee).
* [[Nohsngithiang Falls]]

* [[Shillong]] the headquarters of this district is a hill station with a number of tourist attraction all around.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
* Sohra ([[Cherrapunji|Cherrapunjee]]) once the wettest place on the planet,{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} also known for its [[living root bridges]] and is a tourist attraction.
* [[Sweet Falls]] located in Mawshabuit

* [[Umiam Lake]] an artificial lake on the way to Shillong.

== Transport==

The headquarters of the district, Shillong which is also the capital city of State, is connected to Guwahati and Silchar by NH 44 of 103 km and 240 km respectively. The nearest Rail head and airport are situated at Guwahati. There is an airstrip suitable for small aircraft at Umroi which is 35 km from Shillong. The agricultural and other products are transported by trucks, jeeps and tractors. Shillong is well connected with other parts of the State by motorable road. Similarly, all the block headquarters in the district are also connected by roads. However, the villages in the interior areas are poorly connected and transport services are inadequate.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Nohkalikai falls.jpg| Noh Kalikai falls near cherrapunjee
File:Cherrapunji.jpg | Highest Rainfall in the world in cherrapunjee
File:Shillong.jpg | Shillong-The District Headquarters
File:View3_Umiam_Lake.JPG | Umiam Lake
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|East Khasi Hills}}
* [http://eastkhasihills.gov.in/ East Khasi Hills district]
* [http://khadc.nic.in Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council]
* [http://humanplanet.com/timothyallen/2011/03/living-root-bridges-bbc-human-planet/ A BBC photographer's experiences in the East Khasi Hills]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = East Khasi Hills
|North = [[Ri-Bhoi]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Jaintia Hills]]
|Southeast =
|South = ''[[Bangladesh]]''
|Southwest =
|West = [[West Khasi Hills]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Meghalaya}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.5667|N|91.8833|E|type:adm3rd_source:itwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:East Khasi Hills district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Autonomous regions of India]]

Lakhimpur district

2022-04-12T04:43:44Z

150.129.101.74:

{{other uses of|Lakhimpur}}
{{More citations needed|date = October 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakhimpur district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Subansiri river in Lakhimpur, Assam1.jpg
| image_caption = [[Subansiri River|Subansiri river]] in Lakhimpur
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Lakhimpur district'''
|type=shape |id=Q42743
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Lakhimpur district of Assam
|type2=line|id2=Q1164|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Assam
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Upper Assam Division|Upper Assam]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[North Lakhimpur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. [[North Lakhimpur]], 2. [[Dhakuakhana]], 3. Kadam, 4. Naoboicha, 5. [[Bihpuria]], 6. [[Narayanpur, Assam|Narayanpur]] 7. Subansiri (Ghilamara)
| area_total_km2 = 2,277
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,042,137
| population_footnotes = <ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web|year=2011|title=District census 2011 - Lakhimpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/18/1808_PART_A_DCHB_LAKHIMPUR.pdf|url-status=live|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 78.39 %
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 965 female per 1000 male
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur]], [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Bihpuria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bihpuria]], [[Naoboicha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naoboicha]], [[Lakhimpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]], [[Dhakuakhana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhakuakhana]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 15 (India)|NH-15]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://www.lakhimpur.nic.in}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Lakhimpur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|æ|k|ɪ|m|ˈ|p|ʊər}} {{respell|LAK|im|POOR}}) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]]. The district headquarter is located at [[North Lakhimpur]]. The district is bounded on the North by Siang and Papumpare districts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and on the East by [[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji District]] and Subansiri River. [[Majuli]] District stands on the Southern side and [[Biswanath district|Biswanath District]] is on the West.

== Etymology ==
The name ''Lakhimpur'' was derived from the name "Lakshmipur" which was given by the Chutiya king named Lakshminaryan who ruled during the 15th century. Later, it was changed by the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s to Lakhimpur, when they were made feudal lords of the region by the [[Ahom dynasty|Ahoms]] after defeating the [[Chutiya kingdom|Chutiya kings]] and was kept in memory of the land (in present-day [[Darrang district]]), which they lost to the Koch kingdom.

== History ==
Lakhimpur figures largely in the annals of Assam as the region where tribes from the east first reached the [[Brahmaputra]]. The most prominent of them was the [[Chutiya kingdom|Chutiya rulers]] who held the areas of the present district for long, until the outbreak of the Ahom-Chutiya conflict in the 16th century and eventually the area came under the rule of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom dynasty]]. The Ahoms created a new position called ''Bhatialia Gohain'' to control the region.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.450867/page/n63/mode/1up Barua,G.C.''Ahom Buranji'', p.59, 61]</ref> The area was later given by Ahoms to the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s to rule like feudal lords, as they had helped defeat the [[Chutiya kingdom|Chutiya]] and [[Kachari kingdom|Kachari]] kingdoms. There was a Chutia principality formed by the king Lakshminarayan in the start of the 15th century upon which the district has been named. The copperplate inscription of a land grant given by the Chutia king in the year 1403 A.D. in the west of the [[Subansiri River|Subansiri]] river as well as the ruins between Dhal and Ghagar rivers (near present-day North Lakhimpur town) shows the evidence of the settlement. The [[Bamar|Burmese]], who had ruined the native kingdoms, at the end of the 18th century, was in 1826 expelled by the [[United Kingdom|British]] under the [[Treaty of Yandabo]]. They placed the southern part of the state, together with [[Sivasagar]] under the rule of [[Purandar Singha]]; but it was not till 1838 that the whole was taken under direct British Administration.

Lakhimpur district used to have several other districts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] within its fold and was known as the '''Lakhimpur Frontier Tract'''. After independence, the district contained the present day [[Dibrugarh district]], [[Tinsukia district]] and [[Dhemaji district]]. Its headquarter was at [[Dibrugarh]].

In 1971, [[Dibrugarh district]] was separated from Lakhimpur.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> This was repeated on 14 October 1989, with the formation of [[Dhemaji district]].<ref name='Statoids'/>

==Geography==
Lakhimpur district occupies an area of {{convert|2277|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | page = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Indonesia]]'s [[Yapen Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Yapen 2,278km2}}</ref>

Located in the North-East corner of the Indian State of [[Assam]], the district of Lakhimpur lies on the North bank of the river [[Brahmaputra]]. It is bounded on the North by Lower Subansiri and Papumpare Districts of the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and on the East by [[Dhemaji District]]. [[Majuli]], the largest river-island district is on the South and [[Biswanath District]] is on the West. The [[Brahmaputra]] is navigable for steamers in all seasons as far as [[Dibrugarh]], in the rainy season as far as [[Sadiya]]; its navigable tributaries within the district are the [[Subansiri River]], Ranganadi, and [[Dikrong River]]. The exact location of the district is 26.48’ and 27.53’ Northern latitude and 93.42’ and 94.20' East longitude (approx.).

The district has three sub divisions -- [[Dhakuakhana]], Narayanpur-Bihpuria and North Lakhimpur (sadar). Lakhimpur district has eight Police stations. viz. North Lakhimpur, Boginadi, [[Panigaon]], [[Dhakuakhana]], [[Ghilamara]], Narayanpur, Laluk and [[Bihpuria]].

Forests are mainly tropical rain forest. Important reserved forests includes Ranga Reserve, Kakoi Reserve, Dulung Reserve and Pabho Reserve. Some varieties are Hollokh ([[Terminalia myriocarpa]]), Ajhar ([[Lagerstroemia speciosa]]), Simolu ([[Bombax ceiba]] or [[Salmalia malabarica]]), Sum ([[Machilus]]), Gomari ([[Gmelina arborea]]), Sisu ([[Dalbergia sissoo]]), Silikha ([[Terminalia chebula]]), Neem ([[Azadirachta indica]]), Nahar ([[Mesua ferrea]]) etc. Wild elephants, buffaloes, tigers, deer etc. are there in the forests. Varieties of bird species are observed in swampy areas.

The great [[Subansiri River]] has legends of once famous gold washing. But as of now, there is no any major exploration of minerals in the district, except some minor exploration for petroleum by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) near [[Dhakuakhana]].

==Economy==
The economy of Lakhimpur is mainly based on agriculture. Major crops are rice, tea, mustard, sugarcane, etc. A small number of SSc and MSc industries<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cleartax.in/s/small-scale-industries-ssi|publisher=cleartax|title=Small Scale Industries ( SSI ) – Characteristics, Objectives, Registration of SSI|date=9 March 2020|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://smallbusiness.chron.com/mediumscale-industry-17687.html|title=What Is a Medium-Scale Industry?|publisher=Chron|date=19 December 2018|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> are located in the district.

==Divisions==
There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Bihpuria, Naoboicha, Lakhimpur, and [[Dhakuakhana]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> Dhakuakhana is designated for [[scheduled tribe]]s.<ref name="ceo1"/> Bihpuria is in the [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur Lok Sabha constituency]], whilst the other three are in the [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=73,409|13=1911|14=92,708|15=1921|16=1,24,296|17=1931|18=1,54,021|19=1941|20=1,88,977|21=1951|22=2,22,883|23=1961|24=3,35,346|25=1971|26=4,80,838|27=1991|28=7,51,517|29=2001|30=8,89,010|31=2011|32=10,42,137|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Lakhimpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,042,137,<ref name=districtcensus/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Rhode Island 1,052,567
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 435th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 457 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.06%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Lakhimpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 965 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 78.39%. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 7.85% and 23.93% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Lakhimpur district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Assam |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|76.49}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|18.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|4.43}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.51}}
}}
Hindus are 76.49%, Muslims are 18.57% and Christians are 4.43% of the population.<ref name="Religion"/>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Lakhimpur district (2011)
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 57.80 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Mising language|Mising]] |value2 = 17.64 |color2 = darkorchid
|label3 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value3 = 12.96 |color3 = saddlebrown
|label4 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value4 = 2.46 |color4 = red
|label5 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value5 = 2.35 |color5 = pink
|label6 = [[Deori language|Deori]] |value6 = 1.21 |color6 = blue
|label7 = [[Hindi]] |value7 = 1.17 |color7 = orange
|label8 = Others |value8 = 4.41|color8 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 57.8% of the population spoke [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 17.64% [[Mising language|Mishing]], 12.96% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 2.46% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 2.35% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.21% [[Deori language|Deori]] and 1.17% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
In the year 1996 Lakhimpur district became home to the Bardoibum-Beelmukh [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|11|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref> It shares the park with [[Dhemaji district]].

==See also==
* [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Latabari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{EB1911 |wstitle=Lakhimpur |volume=16 |page=94}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051221101408/http://lakhimpur.nic.in/profile.htm Official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727191719/http://geocities.com/govthsschoolnl/]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://lakhimpur.gov.in/ District Administration website]
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Lakhimpur}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Lakhimpur district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Dhemaji district]]
|East = [[Dibrugarh district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Jorhat district]]
|Southwest = [[Sonitpur district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Papum Pare district]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|27|13|48|N|94|06|00|E|region:IN-AS_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Lakhimpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in British India]]

Golaghat district

2022-04-12T04:34:35Z

150.129.101.74:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Golaghat}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Golaghat district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| nickname =
| image_skyline = One horned rhino family in Kaziranga National Park, Assam.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Rhinos in [[Kaziranga National Park]]
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Golaghat district'''
|type=shape |id=Q42517
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Golaghat district of Assam
|type2=line|id2=Q1164|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Assam
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Upper Assam Division|Upper Assam]]
| founder =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Golaghat]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Bokakhat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bokakhat]], [[Sarupathar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarupathar]], [[Golaghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Golaghat]], [[Khumtai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khumtai]], [[Dergaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dergaon]],
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 3502
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_note =
| population_total = 1,066,888
| population_metro =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates =
| elevation_m =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| website = [http://golaghat.gov.in/ golaghat.gov.in]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Golaghat district''' (Pron:ˌgəʊləˈgɑ:t) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]]. It attained district status in 1987. The district headquarters are located at [[Golaghat]]. The district occupies an area of 3502 km² and lies 100 m above sea level.

==Etymology==
The name 'Golaghat' originated from the markets established by a business class of people called [[Marwari people|Marwari]] during the middle of 19th century at the bank of the river [[Dhansiri River|Dhansiri]] in the vicinity of the district headquarters. "Gola" means market and "Ghat" means the port of river transport.

== History ==
[[Nagajari-Khanikargaon rock inscription|Inscription on rocks]] of Nagajari Khanikar village of Sarupathar, remnants of fortifications, brick structures, monuments, temples, [[Irrigation tank|tanks]], etc. are evidence of a 9th-century kingdom in the Doyang-Dhansiri valley. The Ahoms were the rulers of the Doyang-Dhansiri valley in the 16th century. Earlier, this part was ruled by the [[Kachari Kingdom|Kacharis]]. The [[Kachari Kingdom|Kacharis]] were pushed back towards west of the Karbi Hills. The Ahom King appointed a ruler entitled 'Morongi-Khowa Gohain', an administrative post with the Rank of a Governor/Minister of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] administration. Under Morongi-Khowa Gohain, large number of people from different parts of Ahom kingdom were settled in erstwhile Kachari Kingdom. An interesting aspect of such settlement was that a large number of people from different castes/communities were mixed up together so that there was remote chance of rebellion in such newly acquired territory. Most of the Morongi-Khowa Gohains were appointed from the [[Burhagohain]] families although there were few exceptions.

Later, when the British took control of Assam, the Doyang-Dhansiri valley was incorporated under the newly formed Golaghat subdivision of the [[Sibsagar]] district in 1846. Golaghat district played an active part in the freedom struggle of India. [[Kushal Konwar]], Kamala Miri, Dwariki Das, Biju Vaishnav, Sankar Chandra Barua, Shri Tara Prasad Barooah, Rajendra Nath Barua, Gaurilal Jain, Ganga Ram Bormedhi and Dwarikanath Goswami are eminent freedom fighters of the region.

Golaghat was raised to the position of a district of Assam on 15 August 1987, when it was split from [[Sibsagar district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Golaghat district occupies an area of {{convert|3502|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to the [[Bahamas]]' [[North Andros Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = North Andros Island 3,439}}</ref>

=== Location ===
Golaghat district is surrounded by the river [[Brahmaputra]] to the north, the state of [[Nagaland]] to the south, [[Jorhat]] district to the east and [[Karbi Anglong]] and [[Nagaon]] district to the west. [[Dhansiri River|Dhansiri]] is the principal river, which originates from Laisang peak of Nagaland. It streams through a distance of 352 km from south to north before joining the Brahmaputra. Its catchment area is 1220 km². Doyang, Nambor, Doigrung and Kalioni are the four rivulets of the Dhansiri. The river Kakodonga marks the border between Golaghat and Jorhat districts.

===National [[protected area]]===
*[[Kaziranga National Park]] (Part)
*[[Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary]]

=== Climate ===
The climate is tropical with a hot and humid weather prevailing most of the summer and monsoon months. Total average annual rainfall is 1300 mm. Maximum precipitation occurs in June and July. Maximum temperature is 38.0 °C in June and minimum temperature is 8.0 °C in December.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}

==Divisions==
There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Bokakhat, Sarupathar, Golaghat, and Khumtai.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> All four are in the [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

=== Administration ===
Within the merged establishment of the Deputy Commissioner, Golaghat are the Offices of the Sub-Divisional Officers, Dhansiri and Bokakhat. There are multiple functions and issues looked after by the Deputy Commissioner's office from its headquarters. The branches of the Office of the Deputy Commissioner are rationalized as Administration, Civil Defence, Confidential, Development, Election, Excise, Home Guards, Magisterial, Nazarat, Personnel, Registration, Revenue, Supply, Treasury and Zila Sainik Board. The Courts of District and Session Judge are also located in its headquarters at Golaghat.

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,58,474|13=1911|14=1,84,701|15=1921|16=2,21,328|17=1931|18=2,61,816|19=1941|20=2,65,148|21=1951|22=3,17,550|23=1961|24=4,00,238|25=1971|26=5,23,707|27=1991|28=8,28,096|29=2001|30=9,46,279|31=2011|32=10,66,888|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Golaghat district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,066,888,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Rhode Island 1,052,567
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721072426/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2011-07-21
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 430th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 302 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.88%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Golaghat has a [[sex ratio]] of 961 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 78.31%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5.84% and 10.48% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Golaghat district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Assam |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.99}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|8.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|4.74}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.81}}
}}
[[File:নেঘেৰিটিং দ'লৰ এক দৃশ্য সন্মুখৰ পৰা, A frontside view of Negheriting Dol, one of the most ancient temple of Lord Siva since pre ahom era.JPG|thumb|[[Negheriting Shiva Doul|Negheriting Shiva Doul temple]] is a major temple in Golaghat district]]

[[Hinduism]] is followed by majority of the people in Golaghat district: 85.99%. Muslims form 8.46% of population. while Christians are 4.74% of the population.<ref name="Religion"/>

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Golaghat district, 2011 census
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 78.40 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 4.59 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Mising language|Mising]] |value3 = 2.71 |color3 = darkorchid
|label4 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value4 = 2.50 |color4 = pink
|label5 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value5 = 1.86 |color5 = royalblue
|label6 = [[Hindi]] |value6 = 1.79 |color6 = orange
|label7 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value7 = 1.52 |color7 = red
|label8 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value8 = 1.36 |color8 = firebrick
|label9 = Others |value9 = 5.27 |color9 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, 78.40% of the population speak [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 4.59% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 2.71% [[Mising language|Mising]], 2.50% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.86% [[Boro language (India)|Boro]], 1.79% [[Hindi]], 1.52% [[Sadri language|Sadri]] and 1.36% [[Odia language|Odia]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
== Territorial dispute ==

Around 420 sq.km area of Golaghat district is under occupation by the state of Nagaland (Merapani region). There were major conflicts between the two sides in 1979 and 1985, with 54 and 41 deaths respectively. Almost all the deaths were from the Assamese side and the attackers included NSCN militants and Nagaland police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/explained-assam-vs-nagaland-a-border-dispute-of-five-decades/|title=Explained: Assam vs Nagaland, a border dispute of five decades|date=22 August 2014}}</ref>

== Culture ==

Golaghat district crowns many literary intellects who have made outstanding contributions to Assamese literature. The most prominent writer of the 19th century who hailed from Golaghat was [[Hemchandra Barua|Hem Chandra Barua]], the writer of first Assamese dictionary ''[[Hemkosh]]''. Raghunath Mahanta, Satradhikar of Doyang Alengi Satra of Golaghat, was another writer of 19th century who composed three masterpieces, namely ''Shatrunjoy Kavya'', ''Adbhoot Ramayan'' and ''Katha Ramayan''. One significant poet of the Ahom age was Durgeswar Dwiji. He composed a book titled ''Sangkhosur Badh''. Hem Chandra Goswami is regarded as one of the most exceptional writers of the late 19th century and early twentieth century. He is the first sonnet writer of Assamese language. The credit of first Assamese poetess plus first Assamese short story writer amongst women went to Yamuneswari Khatoniar of Golaghat. Her collection of verses called ''Arun'' was the first book written by a woman poet.

Raibahadur Ghanashyam Barua of Golaghat, who was also famous in the field of politics as the first Central Minister of Assam, translated [[William Shakespeare's]] ''[[The Comedy of Errors]]'' into the [[Assamese language]] along with three of his partners. Kamal Chandra Sarma of Golaghat enjoyed the influential position of secretary of 'Asomiya Bhasa Unnoti Sadhini Sabha'. Syed Abdul Malik, the invincible writer of Assamese literature, belongs to the village of Nahoroni in Golaghat. He was the president of Assam Sahitya Sabha. Malik received many exalted prizes, including Sahitya Akademy, Sankar Dev Award, Xahityacharyya, etc.

Other people from Golaghat who marked their names as great writers of Assamese literature include Surendranath Saikia, Hari Parsad Barua, Kirtinath Hazarika, Dr Nagen Saikia, Dr Debo Prasad Barooah, Nilamoni Phukan, Samir Tanti, Lakhikanta Mahanta, Purna Chandra Goswami, Dr Upen Kakoty, Lolit Barua, Golap Khound and Premadhar Dutta. The Golaghat Sahitya Sabha is one of the oldest congresses of Assam Sahitya Sabha, started in 1918.

==Flora and fauna==
In 1974 Golaghat district became home to [[Kaziranga National Park]], which has an area of {{convert|472|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref> It shares the park with [[Nagaon district]]. It also home to [[Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary]].

==Notable people==
*[[Manoj Gogoi]], animal rescuer at [[Kaziranga National Park]]
*[[Lovlina Borgohain]], Indian Boxer (Olympic medalist).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.mygolaghat.com www.mygolaghat.com A Website on golaghat]
* {{Official website|http://golaghat.gov.in/|Golaghat district official website}}
* [http://www.kaziranganationalpark.com/ A Website on Kaziranga Wildlife Park]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Golaghat district
|North = [[Sonitpur district]]
|Northeast = [[Jorhat district]]
|East = [[Wokha district]], [[Nagaland]]
|Southeast = [[Kohima district]], [[Nagaland]]
|South = [[Dimapur district]], [[Nagaland]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Karbi Anglong district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Coord|26.0|N|93.0|E|display=title}}

{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Golaghat district| ]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]

Darrang district

2022-04-12T04:20:10Z

150.129.101.74:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Darrang district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| image_skyline = Swahid Stambha, Patharighat.jpg
| image_caption = Swahid Stambha, [[Patharighat]]
| image_alt = Park gates
| image_flag =
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| seal_alt =
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| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Darrang district'''
|type=shape |id=Q42461
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Darrang district of Assam
|type2=line|id2=Q1164|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Assam
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Assam Division|North Assam]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Mangaldoi]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Sipajhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sipajhar]], [[Mangaldoi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]], [[Dalgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dalgaon]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1,585
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
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| population_total = 928,500
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| website = http://darrang.gov.in/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Darrang''' ({{IPA-as|dɔrɔŋ}}) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Mangaldoi]]. The district occupies an [[area]] of 1585 km2.

==History==
No definitive records about Darrang are available for the pre-medieval period. According to [[Maheswar Neog]], the Darrang became mentioned only after the uprising of the king [[Nara Narayan]]. It perhaps formed a part of the ancient kingdom of [[Kamarupa]] and with its decline, Darrang at different times might have been under the rule of the [[Chutia Kingdom]], [[Boro people|Bodo people]] and [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darrang,Assam,India|url=http://darrang.nic.in/history.htm|access-date=2020-10-22|website=darrang.nic.in}}</ref>

In the 16th century, Darrang was subject to the [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]] king [[Nara Narayan]], and on the division of his dominion among his heirs, Darrang became a part of [[Koch Hajo]]. Early in the 17th century the raja [[Bali Narayan]] invoked the aid of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahoms]] of [[Upper Assam]] against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] invaders; after his defeat and death in 1637 the Ahoms dominated the whole district. About 1785 the Darrang rajas took advantage of the decay of the Ahom kingdom to try and re-establish their independence, but they were defeated by a British expedition in 1792, and in 1826 Darrang, with the rest of Assam, passed under British control.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Darrang |volume=7 |page=837}}</ref>

On 28 January 1894, there was a peasant's uprising against the increased land revenue by the [[British Raj]] in [[Patharighat]], a village in Darrang district. In the British response that followed, 140 peasants belonging to both Hindu and Muslim communities died from bullet wounds and another 150 were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patharughat martyrs yet to get recognition|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jan2816/state053|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The Assam Tribune Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Barua, Deepali, 1944-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31711121|title=Urban history of India : a case study|date=1994|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=81-7099-538-8|edition=1st|location=New Delhi, India|pages=149|oclc=31711121}}</ref>

In 1984 [[Sonitpur district]] was formed from part of Darrang.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> This was repeated on 14 June 2004 with the creation of [[Udalguri district]].<ref name='Statoids'/>

==Geography==
Darrang district occupies an area of {{convert|1585|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book|title=India 2010: A Reference Annual|last1=Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.)|publisher=Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]]|year=2010|isbn=978-81-230-1617-7|edition=54th|location=New Delhi, India|pages=1116|chapter=States and Union Territories: Assam: Government}}</ref>

===National protected area===
Darrang is home to [[Orang National Park]], which it shares with [[Sonitpur district]]. Orang was established in 1999 and has an area of {{convert|79|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref> Orang national park is now part of Udalguri and Sonitpur districts.<ref>{{Citation|title=Orang National Park|date=2020-11-08|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orang_National_Park&oldid=987681130|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-11-15}}</ref>

==Divisions==
There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Kalaigaon, Sipajhar, Mangaldoi, and Dalgaon.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> Mangaldoi is designated for [[scheduled caste]]s.<ref name="ceo1"/> All four are in the [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Darrang district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 928,500,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Fiji]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Fiji 883,125 July 2011 est. | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> or the US state of [[Delaware]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Delaware 897,934
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 463rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 586|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.19%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Darrang has a [[sex ratio]] of 954 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 63.08%.<ref name=districtcensus/> 93.9% of the population live in rural areas while 6.1% live in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darrang,Assam,India|url=http://darrang.nic.in/demography.htm|access-date=2020-10-22|website=darrang.nic.in}}</ref> Poverty rate of the district stands at 45.5%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASSAM HDR, 2014: POVERTY RATIO IS THE HIGHEST AMONG THE SCHEDULED TRIBES|url=https://www.nezine.com/info/OGJHcGZoZlM2SHp2L2ZiSS83VnM1dz09/assam--hdr,-2014:-poverty-ratio-is-the-highest-among-the-scheduled-tribes.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=nezine.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.34% and 0.91% of the population respectively.

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=99,002|13=1911|14=98,758|15=1921|16=1,10,391|17=1931|18=1,39,089|19=1941|20=1,88,189|21=1951|22=2,33,607|23=1961|24=3,10,321|25=1971|26=4,04,961|27=1991|28=6,18,653|29=2001|30=7,59,858|31=2011|32=9,28,500|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

===Religions===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Darrang district (2011)<ref name=districtcensus/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|64.34}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|35.25}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.41}}
}}

In Darrang district, as per the 2011 census record, Islam is most followed religion with 597,392 adherents i.e (64.34%), while Hinduism is followed by 327,322 i.e 35.25% of the district population.<ref name="districtcensus" />

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Darrang district (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/amp/breaking-news/barpetas-bengali-speaking-population-rises-to-twice-as-that-of-assamese-speaking-people/|title = Barpeta's Bengali Speaking Population rises to twice as that of Assamese speaking People - Sentinelassam|date = 21 July 2018}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 49.29 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 48.40 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = Others |value3 = 2.31 |color3 = grey
}}
At the time of the 2011 census, the Assamese-speaking population was 457,696 and the Bengali-speaking population was 449,205.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://darrang.gov.in/ Darrang District's Official Government website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Darrang district
|North = [[Udalguri district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Sonitpur district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Morigaon district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Kamrup district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|26|45|N|92|30|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Darrang District}}
[[Category:Darrang district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]

Bongaigaon district

2022-04-12T04:15:41Z

150.129.101.74:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Bongaigaon}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Bongaigaon district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = as
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| image_skyline = Bhumeshwar hill.jpg
| image_caption = Bhumeshwar Hill
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_shield =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Bongaigaon district'''
|type=shape |id=Q42197
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Bongaigaon district of Assam
|type2=line|id2=Q1164|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Assam
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.4667|N|90.5667|E|type:adm3rd_source:itwiki|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Assam Division|Lower Assam]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bongaigaon]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]] (shared with Barpeta district)
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Bongaigaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bongaigaon]], [[Abhayapuri North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhayapuri North]], [[Abhayapuri South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhayapuri South]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 1093
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 738,804
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| website = {{URL|http://bongaigaon.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 69.74%<ref name="http">{{cite web|title=Total Population, child population in the age group 0–6, literates and literacy rates by sex: 2011|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/as/table-2.xls|publisher=Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India|access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 966
}}
'''Bongaigaon district''' (Prpn:ˈbɒŋgaɪˌgãʊ) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in northeastern [[India]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Bongaigaon]]. The district occupies an [[area]] of 1,093 km2.

== Etymology ==
According to lore, the name 'Bongaigaon' derives from the words 'bon' (wild) and 'gai' (cow). In the distant past, wild cows were often a menace to villagers in this area due to which the district got its name.

==History==
The district of Bongaigaon was created on 29 September 1989 from parts of [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] and [[Kokrajhar district]]s.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref> 2004 saw a loss of size when part of the district was split to make [[Chirang district]].<ref name='Statoids'/>

The district was part of [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]]. In the 14th century, its rule was passed onto the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s. Later in the 1580s [[Nara Narayan]] of the [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata kingdom]] conquered the area and it subsequently became the fiefdom of the Bijni family, who were descendants of Nara Narayan. When the Kamata kingdom split into [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]] and [[Koch Hajo]] due to rivalry between the king and his nephew Raghu Rai, Bongaigaon became part of Koch Hajo. Soon Koch Hajo and Koch Bihar went to war, and the Mughal [[Nawab of Dhaka]], supporting Koch Bihar, defeated Rai at [[Dhubri]] in 1602. Rai's son Parikshit signed a peace treaty, but hostilities resumed in 1614 and Parikshit was driven back to modern-day [[Guwahati]], where he surrendered and soon after died. His son, Bijit Narayan, was made Zamindar of the region between the [[Manas River|Manas]] and [[Sankosh River|Sankosh]]: from him the Bijni family descended. Koch Hajo was tributary to the Mughals, but in the last decades of the 17th century Mughal influence waned significantly due to the [[Ahom–Mughal conflicts|Ahom-Mughal wars]] in which the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahoms]] were eventually successful. Koch Hajo, including Bijni Zamindari, fell under Ahom influence.

In the late 1750s, the [[East India Company]] strengthened their influence in [[Bengal]] and [[Lower Assam]]. In 1822 the East India Company created Goalpara district containing present-day Lower Assam, the [[Garo Hills]] and northeastern [[Rangpur Division|Rangpur division]] in Bangladesh. The Bijnis continued to pay tribute to the British, and even gained a small amount of land after the [[Duar War]] in 1865. Rangpur and the Garo Hills were eventually stripped away to form different districts, but Goalpara continued to be administered as part of a Cooch Behar province. Eventually the Assam Valley province was founded in 1874, and Goalpara was moved to it. Goalpara was later divided into various districts including [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] and [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]], and later Bongaigaon.<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1820_PART_B_DCHB_BONGAIGAON.pdf District census 2011 – Bongaigaon]</ref>

==Geography==
Bongaigaon district occupies an area of {{convert|1093|km2|sqmi}},<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book|title=India 2010: A Reference Annual|last1=Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.)|publisher=Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]]|year=2010|isbn=978-81-230-1617-7|edition=54th|location=New Delhi, India|pages=1116|chapter=States and Union Territories: Assam: Government}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Réunion]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Réunion 2,535km2}}</ref> Bongaigaon district is surrounded by Barpeta in the east, the Brahmaputra in the south and Kokrajhar in the north and west corner and share international border with [[Bhutan]] in the north.

The places that are worth visiting in Bongaigaon are eco-park, [[Bagheswari Temple, Bongaigaon|Bagheswari temple]], tea garden, and [[Sri Surya Pahar|Suryapahar]]. The history of Bagheswari temple is such that once a priest saw in his dream that Maa Bagheswari asked him to go to a particular place where if he digs out he will find a sword that belonged to Maa Bagheswari. And the next morning when the priest went to dig in the place he saw in his dreams, he found the sword.{{citation needed|date= November 2019}} After that day a temple was built over the place and there they worship the sword. There is no idol inside the temple.

==Economy==
In 2006 the Indian government named Bongaigaon one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the eleven districts in Assam currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Divisions==
The district has three subdivisions: Bongaigaon, [[Bijni]], and [[North Salmara]]. In 2004, parts of the Bongaigaon district (mainly areas under Bijni subdivision) were given over to form the Chirang district, under the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), with its district headquarters at Kajalgaon.

There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: [[Bongaigaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bongaigaon]], [[Bijni (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijni]], [[Abhayapuri North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhayapuri North]], and [[Abhayapuri South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhayapuri South]]. The latter is designated for [[scheduled caste]]s.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break – up|url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website|access-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref> Bijni is in the [[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency]], whilst the other three are in the [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break – up|url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website|access-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 census, the total population of the district is 738,804, out of which 375,818 are males while 362,986 are females. The average sex ratio is 966. As per Census 2011 out of total population, 14.9% people lives in Urban areas while 85.1% lives in the Rural areas. The average literacy rate in urban areas is 87.4% while that in the rural areas is 66.4%. Also the Sex Ratio of Urban areas in Bongaigaon district is 960 while that of Rural areas is 967. The total literacy rate of Bongaigaon district is 69.74%. The male literacy rate is 63.09% and the female literacy rate is 54.26% in Bongaigaon district. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 11.21% and 2.55% of the population respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Census Hand Book|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB.html|website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bongaigaon district (2011)
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|50.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|48.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.80}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.37}}
}}
The district religious composition are as follows: [[Hindu]] 359,145, [[Muslim]] 371,033, [[Christians|Christian]] 5,924, [[Sikh]] 384, [[Buddhist]] 236, [[Jain]] 871 as per 2011 census report.

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Bongaigaon district (2011)<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Bongaigaon |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 49.00 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 43.35 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 3.06 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] |value4 = 1.45 |color4 = goldenrod
|label5 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value5 = 1.13 |color5 = royalblue
|label6 = Others |value6 = 2.01 |color6 = grey
}}

According to the 2011 census, 49% of the population spoke [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 43.35% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 3.06% [[Hindi]], 1.45% [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] and 1.13% [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] as their first language.<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Bongaigaon |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://bongaigaon.gov.in/ Bongaingaon district official website]

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Bongaigaon district
| North = [[Chirang district]]
| Northeast =
| East = [[Barpeta district]]
| Southeast =
| South = [[Goalpara district]]
| Southwest = [[Dhubri district]]
| West =
| Northwest = [[Kokrajhar district]]
}}
{{Assam}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}

[[Category:Bongaigaon district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1989]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Assam]]

[[as:বঙাইগাঁও]]

Barpeta district

2022-04-12T04:14:44Z

150.129.101.74:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Barpeta}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Barpeta district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| image_skyline = Sankardev Satra Patbausi, Barpeta.jpg
| image_alt = Temple gates
| image_caption = Patbaushi Satra, [[Barpeta]]
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Barpeta district'''
|type=shape |id=Q41249
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|stroke-width=2
|title= Barpeta district of Assam
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| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|26|32|N|91|00|E|type:adm3rd_region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Assam Division|Lower Assam]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title =
| established_date = 1983
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Barpeta]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Sorbhog (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sorbhog]], [[Barpeta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]], [[Jania (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jania]], [[Baghbar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baghbar]], [[Sarukhetri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarukhetri]], [[Chenga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chenga]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 3245
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1,693,622
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = IN-AS-BA
| website = http://barpeta.gov.in/
| footnotes =
}}

'''Barpeta district''' {Pron:bə(r)ˈpeɪtə or bə(r)ˈpi:tə} is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in India. The district headquarters are located at [[Barpeta]]. The district occupies an area of 3245 km² and has a population of 1,642,420 (as of 2001.)

==History==
Barpeta district was created in 1983 when it was split from [[Kamrup district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date =11 October 2011 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref> In 2020, [[Bajali district|Bajali]] subdivision was split from Barpeta to be a fully-fledged district.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bajali Civil Sub-Division to a full-fledged district facing a new hurdle - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/bajali-civil-sub-division-to-a-full-fledged-district-facing-a-new-hurdle-500410 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=www.sentinelassam.com |date=10 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
Barpeta district occupies an area of {{convert|3245|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Russia]]'s [[Iturup Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date =11 October 2011 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Iturup (Etorofu) 3,238km2}}</ref>

==Important villages and towns of the district==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2019}}
These are the important cities/towns of the district:

*[[Barpeta]]
: The headquarters and the second largest town in the district. The town is surrounded by rivulets and canals from all directions. The important centre of attraction is the [[Barpeta Satra|Barpeta satra]] established by Vaishnavite saint [[Madhabdev]].
*[[Howly]]
: The middle town of the district between Barpeta Road and Barpeta Town. It is a busy commercial town that is also known as the business capital of the district.
*[[Barpeta Road]]
: The largest town of the district. It is a busy commercial town that is also known as the business capital of western Assam.
*[[Sarbhog]]
: A small town along National Highway no. 31.
*[[Bahari, Sidhi|Bahari]]
:It is situated in the southeast corner of [[Barpeta]], near about 20 km away from the main town. [[Brahmaputra]] river flows on the southern side of Bahari. It is also the commercial hub for the entire southeastern part of the Barpeta district. Bahari is also famous for the [[Satra]] which is established by Mahapurux Sri Sri Haridev.
*[[Sarthebari]]
: A small town known for its bell-metal works.
*[[Kalgachia]]
: A Town in the west of the district.
*[[Sarupeta]]
: A town situated near Bhawanipur town. There is a railway station.
*[[Barbhitha]]
: A village of the southwest border of Barpeta district.
* [[Mandia]]
: Mandia is another town in the south part of the district.

==Educational institutions==
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], Barpeta<ref>{{cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya, Barpeta |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/kendriya-vidyalaya-barpeta |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> was opened on 1 April 2003 in the civil sector with 200 students spread over in classes I to V.The vidyalaya has been upgraded to class XII(Science Stream) in the session 2010-11 with a total strength of 528.KV Barpeta is affiliated with CBSE.
*[[Barbhitha High School]], established in 1947, located in the southwestern part of Barpeta District
*[[Padmapara High School]], established in 1981, located in Padmapara village in the southeastern part of Barpeta district
*[[K. K. Pathak High School, Kalgachia]],<ref>{{cite web |title=K K PATHAK HIGH School- Kalgachia, Kalgachia |url=https://oruschool.in/india/k-k-pathak-high-school-kalgachia |website=oruschool.in |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref> established in 1975,located in [[Kalgachia]] town in the western part of Barpeta district
* Kishalay Shishu Niketan, Sarupeta, established in 1993 located in Sarupeta<ref>{{cite web |title=KISHALAY SHISHU NIKETAN - Sarupeta Town, District Barpeta (Assam) |url=https://schools.org.in/barpeta/18050406006/kishalay-shishu-niketan.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref>

==Economy==
In 2006 the Indian government named Barpeta one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]].)<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the eleven districts in Assam currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF.)<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Divisions==
There are eight [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: [[Barpeta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]], [[Baghbar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baghbor]], [[Bhabanipur (Assam Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhawanipur]], [[Chenga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chenga]], [[Jania (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jania]], [[Patacharkuchi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patacharkuchi]], [[Sarukhetri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarukhetri]], [[Sorbhog (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sorbhog]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break – up|url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website|access-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref> Sorbhog is in the [[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency]], whilst the other seven are in the [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break – up|url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website|access-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{more citations needed section|reason=Census2011.co.in is considered unreliable|date=August 2019}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the Barpeta district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,693,622,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date =30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Guinea-Bissau]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date =1 October 2011 | quote = Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011|quote=Idaho 1,567,582|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 292nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]].)<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 632 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 21.4%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Barpeta has a [[sex ratio]] of 951 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 65.03%. With the divided district, the population is 1,439,806. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 76,128 (5.29%) and 15,858 (1.10%) of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb =
|caption = Languages in Barpeta district (2011)<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Barpeta|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 68.89 |color1 = saddlebrown
|label2 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value2 = 29.39 |color2 = gold
|label3 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value3 = 1.03 |color3 = royalblue
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.69 |color4 = grey
}}
At the time of the 2011 census in the residual district, 68.89% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 29.39% [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and 1.03% [[Boro language (India)|Bodo]] as their first language.<ref name="censuslang"/>

===Religions===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Barpeta district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Assam |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|77.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|22.27}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.15}}
}}
In Barpeta district, as per the [[2011 Indian census]], Islam is most followed religion with 1,117,033 adherents forming 77.58% of the population, while Hinduism is followed by 320,578 which is 22.27% of the population. Small percentages of followers of Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism are also present.<ref name="Religion"/>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,00,258|13=1911|14=1,20,332|15=1921|16=1,61,292|17=1931|18=2,72,623|19=1941|20=3,92,750|21=1951|22=4,66,475|23=1961|24=6,07,434|25=1971|26=8,28,404|27=1991|28=11,63,166|29=2001|30=13,94,755|31=2011|32=16,93,622|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://barpeta.gov.in/ Barpeta district official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Barpeta district
|North = [[Chirang district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Nalbari district]]
|Southeast = [[Kamrup district]]
|South = [[Goalpara district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Bongaigaon district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Barpeta district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Kamrup region]]

Bajali district

2022-04-12T04:10:37Z

150.129.101.74:

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bajali district
| official_name =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Bajali district'''
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|title= Bajali district of Assam
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| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Assam Division|Lower Assam]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 12 January 2021
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Pathsala]]
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar]], [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 =
| population_total = 253,816
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| total_type = Total
| area_total_km2 = 418
}}

'''Bajali district''' is the 34th district of the Indian state of [[Assam]], carved out of [[Barpeta district]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=Bajali becomes Assam's 34th district|url=https://thenewsmill.com/bajali-becomes-assams-34th-district/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=thenewsmill.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The Assam Cabinet headed by former Chief Minister [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] approved the proposal to make Bajali a full-fledged district on 10 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=2020-08-10|title='Bajali' to become the 34th full-fledged district of Assam - Sentinelassam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/bajali-to-become-the-34th-full-fledged-district-of-assam-494424|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.sentinelassam.com|language=en}}</ref> On 12 January 2021 Bajali was formally declared as a district.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=2021-01-13|title='Bajali' Becomes the 34th Full-Fledged District of Assam
|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/bajali-becomes-the-34th-full-fledged-district-of-assam-520780
|access-date=2021-01-16|website=www.sentinelassam.com|language=en}}</ref>

Bajali comprises parts of Bajali, Jalah and Sarupeta circles.

== Demographics ==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Bajali district (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX 2011 census of India - Population by Mother Tongue]</ref>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 74.48 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 20.90 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value3 = 4.28 |color3 = royalblue
|label4 = others |value4 = 0.34 |color4 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, Bajali district has a population of 253,876. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 19,192 (7.56%) and 11,486 (4.52%) of the population respectively. 189,075 of the population spoke [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 53,052 [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 10,877 [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] and 0.36% speaks other minority languages.

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bajali district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Assam |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|67.90}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|31.91}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.19}}
}}
The district religious composition are as follows: [[Hindu]] 172,388, [[Muslim]] 81,003 and others at 485 as per 2011 census report.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:Bajali district]]

Malerkotla district

2022-04-11T12:52:22Z

150.129.101.74:

{{Short description|District in Punjab, India}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Malerkotla district
| official_name =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Malerkotla district'''
|type=shape |id=Q107016021
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Malerkotla district of Punjab
|type2=line|id2=Q22424|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Punjab
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Punjab
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Punjab, India|District]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = Patiala
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14 May 2021
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Malerkotla]]
}}
''' Malerkotla district''' is a newly formed district in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state of [[India]].It was formed after the bifurcation of [[Sangrur district]] of Punjab state.
<ref>{{cite news|title=Punjab CM declares state's only Muslim-majority town Malerkotla as district on Eid
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/punjab-cm-declares-state-s-only-muslim-majority-town-malerkotla-as-district-on-eid-1802664-2021-05-14
|access-date=2021-05-18}} </ref>

==Administration==
'''Malerkotla district''' is in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in northern [[India]]. It is the 23rd district in the Indian state of Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-05-14|title=Malerkotla is Punjab’s 23rd district|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/malerkotla-is-punjabs-23rd-district/article34557600.ece|access-date=2021-05-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The district was carved out of [[Sangrur district]] on 14 May, 2021. <ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-05-14|title=Malerkotla is Punjab’s 23rd district|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/malerkotla-is-punjabs-23rd-district/article34557600.ece|access-date=2021-05-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Subdivisions of [[Malerkotla]], [[Ahmedgarh]] and the sub-tehsil of [[Amargarh, Punjab|Amargarh]] will be the part of the district.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/malerkotla-to-be-punjabs-23rd-district-capt-amarinders-eid-gift-252772 Malerkotla to be 23rd District of Punjab] 14 May 2021, ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 14 May 2021.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Punjab, India]]

Madurai district

2022-04-10T18:31:20Z

150.129.101.74:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Madurai}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madurai
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = India - Madurai temple - 0781.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The towering Gopurams of [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]], [[Madurai]]
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Madurai district'''
|type=shape |id=Q15184
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Madurai district of Tamil Nadu
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS" />
| coordinates = {{coord|09|50|N|077|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name2 = 
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipal Corporations]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Madurai]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka|Taluks]]
| parts = [[Madurai-North taluk|Madurai North]], [[Madurai-South taluk|Madurai South]], [[Madurai East block|Madurai East]], [[Madurai West block|Madurai West]], [[Melur taluk|Melur]], [[Peraiyur taluk|Peraiyur]], [[Thirumangalam taluk|Tirumangalam]], [[Thiruparankundram]], [[Usilampatti taluk|Usilampatti]], [[Vadipatti taluk|Vadipatti]], [[Kalligudi taluk|Kalligudi]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Madurai]]
| government_type = District Administration
| governing_body = Madurai District Collectorate
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = Aneesh Sekhar, [[Indian Administrative Service|I.A.S.]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Sujit Kumar, [[Indian Police Service|I.P.S.]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 16
| area_total_km2 = 3710
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,038,252
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 4
| population_density_km2 = 812
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/45-madurai.html | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505011715/http://census2011.co.in/census/district/45-madurai.html|archive-date=5 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 625xxx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0452
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#TN.E2.80.94Tamil Nadu|TN]]-58, TN-59, TN-64<ref>{{Cite web|title=Registration Series Allotted to Regional Transport Offices|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu, State Transport Authority|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912173047/http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|archive-date=12 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}
| blank2_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Madurai]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[male|♂]]-50.5% / [[female|♀]]-49.5%
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 81.5%
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = 1
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Assembly constituency]]
| blank6_info_sec1 = 10
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank7_info_sec1 = 
| website = {{URL|www.madurai.tn.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Bull Taming, Alanganallur, India.jpg|thumb|right|The famous Jallikattu at [[Alanganallur]]]]
'''Madurai district''' is one of the [[Districts of Tamil Nadu|38 districts]] of the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] in southeastern [[India]].<ref name="GNIS">{{GEOnet2|32FA8822D7AB3774E0440003BA962ED3|Madurai (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} Athens of the East {{!}} India|url=https://madurai.nic.in/|access-date=2021-01-15|language=en-US}}</ref> The city of [[Madurai]] serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous [[Meenakshi temple|Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple]] and is situated on the banks of the river [[Vaigai]]. [[Thiruparankundram]] is one of the major tourist place in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns are [[Melur]], [[Vadipatti]], [[Peraiyur]], and [[Usilampatti]].<ref name="BDS-2001" /> It is an important hub for various film shootings. Alanganallur is a popular spot in the district for [[Jallikattu]], as are Palamedu and Avaniyapuram.

==History==
[[Madurai]] is called with various nicknames like ''Athens of the East'', ''Thoonga Nagaram'' (City that never Sleeps), ''Naan maada koodal'' (City of Four junctions), ''Malligai Managar'' (City of Jasmine), ''Koodal Managar'' (City of Junction) ''Koil Nagar'' (Temple city) etc. The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai during various times are the [[Pandyas]] and the [[Nayaks of Madurai|Nayaks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Madurai |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Madurai |website=britannica.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> up from 2,578,201 in the 2001 census,<ref name="BDS-2001">{{Cite web|title=Census of India 2001: Basic data Sheet: Madurai District, Tamil Nadu|publisher=The Registrar General and Census Commissioner|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Dist_File/datasheet-3324.pdf}}</ref> for a growth rate of 17.95%. It had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males, up from 978 in 2001,<ref name="BDS-2001" /> and much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard" /> A total of 313,978 were under the age of six, constituting 162,517 males and 151,461 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 13.46% and 0.37% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.83%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/>

The district had a total of 794,887 households. There were a total of 1,354,632 workers, comprising 81,352 cultivators, 287,731 main agricultural labourers, 39,753 in house hold industries, 765,066 other workers, 180,730 marginal workers, 11,367 marginal cultivators, 85,097 marginal agricultural labourers, 7,540 marginal workers in household industries and 76,726 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Krishnagiri district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=696162|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=6,66,940|13=1911|14=7,69,360|15=1921|16=8,00,795|17=1931|18=8,96,876|19=1941|20=10,14,602|21=1951|22=12,23,574|23=1961|24=13,78,734|25=1971|26=17,30,109|27=1981|28=20,42,704|29=1991|30=24,00,339|31=2001|32=25,78,201|33=2011|34=30,38,252|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Divisions==
Madurai district comprises 13 talukas and [[revenue block]]s, same names same boundaries. Under the [[gram panchayat|gram panchayat system]] rural administration or the district is done by [[panchayat village]]s and the taluka headquarters. The revenue blocks are further sub-divided by [[firka]]s. The three taluks, Tiruparankundram, Madurai West and Madurai East, were created in February 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mariappan, Julie |title=23 new taluks created in Tamil Nadu |date=12 February 2014 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-new-taluks-created-in-Tamil-Nadu/articleshow/30294878.cms |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6RBpQ79Yx?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-new-taluks-created-in-Tamil-Nadu/articleshow/30294878.cms |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The thirteen talukas/blocks are:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Map: Madurai District Blocks|publisher=Madurai District|url=http://www.madurai.tn.nic.in/block.html|access-date=22 November 2010|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709211406/http://www.madurai.tn.nic.in/block.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Madurai, Tamil Nadu|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India| url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=578&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113150328/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=578&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-date=13 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revenue Administration {{!}} Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} India|url=https://madurai.nic.in/administrative-setup/revenue-administration/|access-date=2020-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Thiruparankundram]]—7 firkas
*[[Peraiyur]]—3 firkas
*[[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Tirumangalam]]—3 firkas
*[[Kalligudi]]
*[[Sedapatti]]
*[[Usilampatti]]
*[[Vadipatti]]
*[[Melur]]
*[[Madurai West block|Madurai West]]
*[[Madurai East block|Madurai East]]
*[[Alanganallur taluka|Alanganallur]]
*[[Madurai North]]
*[[Madurai-South taluk|Madurai South]]
}}

===2001 census===
[[File:Madurai Melur.jpg|thumb|Village house in Melur]]
In the 2001 census, Madurai district had only seven talukas: Madurai North, Madurai South, Melur, Peraiyur, Thirumangalam, Vadipatti, and Usilampatti.<ref name="census2001bytehsil">{{Cite web|title=2001 Census of India: List of Villages by Tehsil: Tamil Nadu|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|pages=245–256|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/DIR-33R.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113195316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/DIR-33R.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Electoral divisions==
{| align="left" class="toccolours" style="margin-right: .5em; margin-top: .4em;font-size: 90%; cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" text-align="center" ;
|-
|- bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top"
!Assembly Constituency
!Political Party
!Elected Representative
|-
|Thirupparankundram
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|[[V. V. Rajan Chellappa]]
|-
|Usilampatti
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|P. Ayyappan
|-
|Madurai North
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |DMK
|[[G. Thalapathi]]
|-
|Melur
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|Periya Pullan
|-
|Madurai East
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |DMK
|[[P. Moorthy]]
|-
|Madurai Central
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |DMK
|[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|Palanivel Thiyagarajan]]
|-
| Sholavandan
| bgcolor="#ff666" |DMK
| A. Venkatesan
|-
|Tirumangalam
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|[[R. B. Udhaya Kumar]]
|-
|Madurai South
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |MDMK
| Boominathan
|-
|Madurai West
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|[[Sellur K. Raju|K. Raju]]
|- bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top"
!Lok Sabha Constituency
!Political Party
!Elected Representative
|-
|[[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |CPI(M)
|[[S. Venkatesan]]
|-
| style="font-size: 80%" colspan=3 bgcolor="#cceeff" align="center"| Source: Indian Elections / Election Commission of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election results |publisher=Indian Elections |url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/election-result-06.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208164546/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/election-result-06.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parties Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2008-12-18 }}</ref>
|-
|}
{{clear}}

== Geography ==
The district is bounded by [[Theni district|Theni]] in the west, [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]] in the east, [[Dindigul District|Dindigul]] in the north, [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]] in the south and small parts of [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]] in the northeast. Madurai district witnessing hot and humid weather throughout the year and considered as hottest district of Tamil Nadu as well hottest city.

===Climate===
{{climate chart
|Madurai
|20|30|20
|21|32|13.5
|22.5|35|18
|25|38|55
|26|37|70
|26|36|40
|25|35.5|49.5
|25|35|104
|24|34|119
|24|33|188
|23|30|145
|21|29|51
|float=right
}}
The climate has extremes. There are three distinct periods of rainfall:
* advancing monsoon period and south west monsoon from June to September, with strong southwest winds;
* north east monsoon from October to December, with dominant north east winds;
* dry season from January to May.
* Madurai District is the hottest district of Tamil Nadu throughout the year. district receives average rainfall and heavy heat which is prevails from March to September. madurai recorded 42℃ at the time of September month.

==Tourist attractions==
* [[Meenakshi Amman Temple|Madurai Meenakshiamman temple]]
* [[Alagar temple]]
* [[Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai]] (Erst while Rani Mangammal Palace)
* [[Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal]]
* [[Vandiyur Mariamman Teppakulam|Theppakulam]], Vandiyur
* [[Madurai Maqbara]]
* Alanganallur jallikattu [[Madurai]]
* Thiruvathavur Thirumarainathar Temple and Birthplace of Manicka Vasakar
* [[Thirumohoor Kalamegaperumal Temple]]
* [[Thirupparamkunram Murugan temple]]
* 1000 Thoon Mandapam (1000 pillar hall)
* Eco park
* Kuruvithurai Vallaba Perumal Temple
* [[Vaigai Dam]] (nearby)
* Anaipatti Anjaneyar Temple
* [[Kodaikanal]] (nearby)
* [[Suruli falls]] (nearby)<ref>Suruli Falls [[Suruli falls]]</ref>
* [[Kutladampatti falls]]
* [[Kazimar Big Mosque]], situated on the banks of [[Kiruthumal river]] (the oldest mosque in Madurai)

==See also==
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://madurai.nic.in/ Madurai District]

{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Madurai district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Madurai district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]

Erode district

2022-04-10T18:28:55Z

150.129.101.74:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Erode}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Erode District
| other_name = Erode
| settlement_type = District
| image_skyline = Bhavani-Kaveri-Sangamam.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Confluence of the [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]] and [[Kaveri]] Rivers
| nickname =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Erode district'''
|type=shape |id=Q15155
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Erode district of Tamil Nadu
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|21|N|77|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1979
| founder = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]s
| parts = [[Anthiyur taluk|Anthiyur]], [[Bhavani taluk|Bhavani]], [[Erode taluk|Erode]], [[Gobichettipalayam taluk|Gobichettipalayam]], [[Kodumudi taluk|Kodumudi]], [[Modakurichi taluk|Modakurichi]], [[Perundurai taluk|Perundurai]], [[Sathyamangalam taluk|Sathyamangalam]], [[Thalavadi taluk|Thalavadi]], [[Nambiyur]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Erode]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = H. Krishnan Unni, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = V. Sasi Mohan, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5722
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Erode District - District At a Glance |url=https://erode.nic.in/ |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]] |access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,251,744
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 394
| population_metro =
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 638***
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0424 ([[Erode]]) 04204 ([[Kodumudi]]) 04294 ([[Perundurai]]) 04256 ([[Bhavani]]) 04285 ([[Gobichettipalayam]]) 04295 ([[Sathyamangalam]])
| registration_plate = TN 33 ([[Erode|Erode East]]) TN 36 ([[Gobichettipalayam]]) TN 56 ([[Perundurai]]) TN 86 ([[Erode|Erode West]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|title=List of RTOs|work=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=6 May 2016}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Erode]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = M-51%/F-49% [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 72.96%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] seats
| blank4_info_sec1 = 3
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] seats
| blank5_info_sec1 = 8
| blank6_name_sec1 = Central location:
| blank6_info_sec1 = {{coord|11|15|N|77|19|E}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|700|mm|in}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|35|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|18|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.erode.tn.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Erode District''' is one of the 38 districts in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]]. It was the largest district by area in the state before the formation of [[Tirupur District]] in 2009. The headquarters of the district is [[Erode]]. It is divided into two revenue divisions, [[Erode division|Erode]] and [[Gobichettipalayam division|Gobichettipalayam]], and is further subdivided into 10 [[Tehsil|taluks]]. Erode District was a part of [[Coimbatore District]] before its division into two on 17 September 1979. It covers an area of {{Convert|5,722|km2}}, and [[2011 Census of India|as of 2011]], had a population of 2,251,744.

==History==
The region belonging to present-day Erode District was ruled successively by several South Indian dynasties, including the [[Cheras]], [[Cholas]] and [[Pandyas]]. During the first millennium, it was under the rule of the Chera Dynasty and various other rulers. Between the 10th to 12th centuries, the region was part of the larger [[Chola Empire]]. The region became part of [[Vijayanagara empire]] in the 14th century, then under the [[Nayaks of Madurai]] until the 17th century. Under the Madurai Nayaks, the [[Polygar]] system of administration was established. The Polygar system continued after the region became part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in the mid-17th century.

The Polygar chieftain [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], a governor of the region, played a major role in the early struggle for [[Indian independence movement|Indian Independence]] in the late 18th-century [[Polygar Wars]] against the [[British East India Company]]. After the Polygar and Mysore Wars in the late 18th century, the area came under the control of the British until the achievement of [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] in 1947. It was a part of the erstwhile [[Coimbatore district]] until its split in 1979.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Erode District had a population of 2,251,744 with a sex-ratio of 993 females for every 1,000 males, above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 195,213 were under the age of six, constituting 99,943 males and 95,270 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 16.41% and 0.97% of the population, respectively. The literacy rate of the district was 66.29%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The district had a total of 658,071 households. There were 1,195,773 workers: 173,376 cultivators, 331,414 main agricultural labourers, 48,960 in household industries, 557,301 other workers, 84,722 marginal workers, 38,798 marginal agricultural labourers, 5,362 marginal workers in household industries, 4,794 marginal cultivators and 35,768 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Erode district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=688359|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=6,29,892|13=1911|14=6,67,968|15=1921|16=7,25,434|17=1931|18=7,69,455|19=1941|20=8,86,108|21=1951|22=10,10,616|23=1961|24=11,06,528|25=1971|26=13,56,092|27=1981|28=15,87,604|29=1991|30=18,02,939|31=2001|32=20,16,582|33=2011|34=22,51,744|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Geography==
[[File:India and Pakistan 1 250,000 Erode.jpg|thumb|left|Map of [[Erode]] region during 1955]]
To the north of Erode District lies [[Chamarajanagar district]] in [[Karnataka|Karnataka State]]. To the east, across the [[Kaveri River]], lies [[Salem District|Salem]] and [[Namakkal District|Namakkal]] districts. To the southeast lies [[Karur District|Karur district]]. [[Tirupur District]] lies immediately to the south. [[Coimbatore District|Coimbatore]] and [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]] districts lie to the west.

Erode District is [[landlocked]], and is situated at between latitude 10 36" and 11 58" north and between longitude 76 49" and 77 58" east. The district forms the meeting point of the [[Western Ghats]] and [[Eastern Ghats]] mountain ranges, separated by the [[Moyar River]].

The district comprises a long undulating plain, sloping gently towards the Kaveri River in the south-east. The three major tributaries of the Kaveri, the [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]], [[Noyyal]] and [[Amaravati River|Amaravati]], run across the long stretch of mountains in the north. In combination with these rivers, numerous canals, the [[Bhavanisagar Dam]] and the [[Kodiveri Dam]] provide irrigation and drainage for Erode.

[[File:Bhavani-sagar-Dam-and-Reservoir.jpg|thumb|[[Bhavanisagar Dam]] across [[Bhavani River]]]]
[[File:Cauvery at Erode.JPG|thumb|[[Kaveri River]] at [[Erode]]]]

=== Bhavani River ===
{{Main|Bhavani River}}
The Bhavani River rises in the [[Western Ghats]] of the [[Silent Valley National Park]] in the [[Palakkad District]] of [[Kerala]]. It is joined by the [[Siruvani River]], a perennial stream of [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore District]], and is joined by the [[Kundha River]] before entering Erode District in [[Sathyamangalam]]. The Bhavani is [[perennial river]], mostly fed by the southwest monsoon but also supplemented by the northeast monsoon. It runs for over one hundred miles through Erode District, crossing [[Bhavani taluk|Bhavani]] and [[Gobichettipalayam taluk|Gobichettipalayam]] taluks. Near [[Gobichettipalayam]] lies the [[Kodiveri Dam]], a mini-dam constructed for agricultural purposes.

The river eventually feeds the [[Bhavanisagar dam|Bhavanisagar reservoir]], and then takes an easterly course after crossing Sathyamangalam taluk. Along with another tributary, the Amutha Nathi River, the Bhavani River ultimately joins the [[Kaveri|Kaveri River]] in [[Bhavani, Tamil Nadu]]. A confluence of three rivers, such as this one, is known as a ''[[Triveni Sangam]]'' in Hindu belief. The place where the Bhavani River joins with the Kaveri River is famous for the Sri Sangameshwara Temple of [[Lord Shiva]], where, in accordance to [[Hindu]] customs, people perform the last rites for deceased friends and family.

=== Kaveri River ===
{{Main|Kaveri River}}
The Kaveri River rises in the Western Ghats of [[Kodagu]] (Coorg) District in Karnataka, and is joined by many small tributaries. It runs eastward through Karnataka, and is joined by its main tributary, the [[Kabini River]], before taking a sharp southbound turn at [[Hogenakkal Falls]]. From here, it runs towards the southeast, forming the boundary between Bhavani taluk of Erode District and [[Tiruchengode]] taluk of the neighbouring [[Namakkal]] District. The Bhavani River joins the Kaveri River at the town of Bhavani.

==Climate==
[[File:Western Ghats Gobi.jpg|thumb|right|[[Western Ghats]] as seen from Gobichettipalayam]]
Unlike nearby [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore District]], Erode District's climate is characterized by dry weather throughout the year, except during the break-in monsoon period, when it receives high rainfall. The cool, moist wind that passes through the [[Palghat Gap]] in the [[Western Ghats]] has a moderating effect on the climate of neighbouring Coimbatore district, but the air loses its coolness and becomes dry by the time it reaches Erode. Gunderipallam, Varattupallam are the highest rainfall (1200 MM) in this district.

Generally, the first two months of the year are pleasant, but in March the temperature begins to rise, which persists until the end of May, when the highest temperatures are normally recorded. The few rain showers during this period do not provide much relief from the heat. However, the temperature reverses its rising trend during the pre-monsoon period, between June and August. By September, the monsoon rains begin to fall. The northeast monsoon sets in vigorously during October–November. By December, the rains end, returning the climate to its dry and cold state.

But Erode distrtict receives water source form two rivers named Bhavani river and Kaveri river. These two rivers mingle at a point called [[Kooduthurai]].

==Administration==
[[File:Erode District Collector's Office.jpg|thumb|upright|Erode District Collector's Office]]
For administrative purposes, Erode District is divided into ten [[taluk]]s under two revenue divisions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NPR Report: Tamil Nadu: Erode|year=2011|publisher=National Population Register, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/NprStateReport.aspx?stcd=33&distcd=09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428071506/http://censusindia.gov.in/NprStateReport.aspx?stcd=33&distcd=09|archive-date=28 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Erode division]]: [[Erode taluk]], [[Kodumudi taluk]], [[Modakurichi taluk]], [[Perundurai taluk]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Kodumudi, Modakurichi and Thalavadi taluks take off|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kodumudi-modakurichi-and-thalavadi-taluks-take-off/article8329438.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Gobichettipalayam division]]: [[Anthiyur taluk]], [[Bhavani taluk]], [[Gobichettipalayam taluk]], [[Sathyamangalam taluk]], [[Nambiyur|Nambiyur taluk]], [[Thalavadi taluk]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthiyur becomes separate taluk in Erode district|date=22 November 2012|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/anthiyur-becomes-separate-taluk-in-erode-district/article4125457.ece|access-date=7 July 2013}}</ref>

Erode District consists of one [[Municipal corporations in India|municipal corporation]] and four other municipalities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/municipalities/municipalities_gradewise.html |title=List of Municipalities |work=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928202828/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/municipalities/municipalities_gradewise.html |archive-date=28 September 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Erode Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Gobichettipalayam Municipality|Gobichettipalayam Selection Grade Municipality]]
* [[Sathyamangalam]] Grade-I municipality
* [[Bhavani, Tamil Nadu|Bhavani]] Grade-II municipality
* [[Punjai Puliampatti]] Grade-II municipality

==Politics==
Erode District is divided into three Parliamentary Constituencies of the [[Lok Sabha]]: [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode]], [[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nilgiris]] and [[Tirupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupur]]. The district consists of eight Assembly Constituencies of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]: [[Anthiyur (State Assembly Constituency)|Anthiyur]], [[Bhavani (State Assembly Constituency)|Bhavani]], [[Bhavanisagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Bhavani Sagar]], [[Erode East (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode East]], [[Erode West (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode West]], [[Gobichettipalayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Gobichettipalayam]], [[Modakurichi (State Assembly Constituency)|Modakurichi]] and [[Perundurai (State Assembly Constituency)|Perundurai]].

==Economy==
[[File:Gobi paddy.jpg|thumb|[[Paddy field]]s near [[Gobichettipalayam]]]]
[[File:Erode rugs.jpg|thumb|Fabrics and [[Carpet|rugs]] made in Erode are famous]]

Agriculture is the most important source of income in Erode District. [[Rice#Harvesting, drying and milling|Paddy]], [[Cooking banana|plantain]], [[silk]], [[cotton]], [[turmeric]], [[coconut]] and [[sugarcane]] are some of the major products from agriculture and its associated industries.

Erode is the top [[turmeric]] producer in Tamil Nadu, making up 43% of statewide production.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/deptst/agriculture.pdf|title=Agriculture in Tamil Nadu|access-date=25 January 2016|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref> [[Erode]] is an important market centre for turmeric, being known as "Turmeric City." March 2019, turmeric from Erode received a Geographical Indication tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication Registry]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/231 | title=Erode Manjal (Erode Turmeric) | publisher=Geographical Indications Registry | access-date=12 July 2020 }}</ref> making ''Erode Manjal Vanigarkal Matrum Kidangu Urimaiyalargal Sangam'' the registered proprietors of the Geographical Indication ''Erode Manjal'' (Erode Turmeric).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/070319/erode-turmeric-gets-gi-tag.html|title=Erode Turmeric gets GI tag}}</ref>

Erode is also the leading producer of plantain, coconuts and white silk in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/02/08/stories/2008020850150500.htm|title=The changing industrial landscape of Erode|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 February 2008|access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref>

[[Gobichettipalayam]] is well known for its white silk, cotton, plantain and coconut production. Erode is one of the major producers of food products in the state. The country's first automated silk reeling unit is located near [[Gobichettipalayam]].

[[Erode]] (city), [[Bhavani, Tamil Nadu|Bhavani]] and [[Chennimalai]] are well known for [[handloom]] and [[PowerLoom|powerloom]] textile products and ready-made garments. In 2005, ''[[Bhavani Jamakkalam]]'' (Bhavani Bedsheets) was registered as a Geographical Indication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/News/367_1_Registered_GI.pdf|title=REGISTRATION DETAILS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS|date=25 October 2017|website=Intellectual Property India {{!}} Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127201518/http://www.ipindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/News/367_1_Registered_GI.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref>

[[Anthiyur]] and [[Gobichettipalayam|Modachur (Gobichettipalayam)]] towns are famous for cattle.

==Transport==
[[File:Erode-Junction-Railway-Station-ED.JPG|thumb|[[Erode Junction railway station]]]]
[[File:Erode brough road.JPG|thumb|Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai in [[Erode]]]]
[[File:Looking-down-National-Highway-Chittode-Junction.JPG|thumb|[[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544 Bypass]] near [[Chithode]]]]
The transportation system in Erode is well-developed. Erode, being a prominent trading center in Tamil Nadu, is well-connected with all modern means of transport, except air transport. The district is accessible by both road and rail from the state capital [[Chennai]] and other major cities. The district is divided into four [[Regional Transport Office]] (RTO) sub-divisions, namely Erode East (TN 33), Gobichettipalayam (TN 36), Perundurai (TN 56) and Erode West (TN 86). Gobichettipalayam RTO has two sub-offices, namely Bhavani (TN 36W) and Sathyamangalam (TN 36Z).

===Railways===
The district has one major railway station, [[Erode Junction]]. It was built by the British to connect the western and eastern coasts of India. There are ISO-certified diesel and electric locomotive sheds at Erode Junction. Erode Junction, which has the distinction of being the third cleanest railway junction in India, serves as the hub for water filling facilities and food provisions.

===Roadways===
The district is well-connected by road. The following is a list of major arterial roads:

'''National Highways'''
* [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH-544]] connecting [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] – [[Coimbatore]] – [[Cochin]] – [[Kanyakumari]] passes via [[Bhavani]], [[Chithode]] and [[Perundurai]]
* [[National Highway 948 (India)|NH-948]] connecting [[Bangalore]] – [[Coimbatore]] passes via [[Sathyamangalam]]
*[[National Highway 544H (India)|NH-544H]] connecting [[Erode]] – [[Bhavani]] – [[Mettur Dam]] – Thoppur
* [[National Highway 381A (India)|NH 381A]] connects [[Vellakoil]] on NH-81 with Erode and further to [[Sankagiri]] on NH-544.

'''Proposed Highways'''
* NH 67-A, connecting [[Karur]] – [[Erode]]
* NH 209-A, connecting [[Sathyamangalam]] – [[Gobichettipalayam]] – [[Erode]]
*
'''State Highways'''
* [[State Highway 15 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-15]] connecting [[Erode]] – [[Gobichettipalayam]] – [[Sathyamangalam]] – [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]] - [[Ooty]]
* SH-15A connecting [[Gobichettipalayam]] – [[Nambiyur]] – [[Avinashi]]
*
* SH-83A connecting [[Mettur]] – [[Erode]] – [[Arachalur]] – [[Kangeyam]] – [[Dharapuram]]
* SH-79 connecting [[Erode]] – [[Tiruchengode]] – [[Rasipuram]] – [[Attur]]
* [[State Highway 81 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-81]] connecting [[Gobichettipalayam]] – [[Uthukuli]] – [[Kangeyam]] – [[Dharapuram]]
* SH-82 connecting [[Sathyamangalam]] – [[Athani, Tamil Nadu|Athani]] – [[Bhavani]]
* SH-84 connecting [[Erode]] – [[Kodumudi]] – [[Karur]]
* SH-96 connecting [[Erode]] – [[Perundurai]] – [[Chennimalai]] – [[Kangeyam]]

The [[TNSTC|Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]], headquartered at Erode (originally called as Jeeva Transport Corporation), serves inter- and intra-city routes. The State Express Bus Corporation (SETC) operates express bus services from [[Erode]] and [[Gobichettipalayam]] to major cities across the state. [[Erode Central Bus Terminus]], which serves as a major hub, is one of the largest in the state. Due to its proximity to the states [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]] and [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] buses also operate in the district.

===Airways===
The nearest airport is the [[Coimbatore International Airport]] located in the nearby Coimbatore district.

===Waterways===
Navigable [[waterways]] are available in the district at Nerinjipettai and [[Nattatreeswarar Temple]].

==Communication==
The district is served by extensive postal, telegraph and telephone networks. The district is divided into two postal divisions, namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam. There are three head post offices at Erode, Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam, in addition to 319 other post offices. The district is serviced by almost all leading mobile phone operators in India.

==Education==
Erode district has several facilities for higher education. The district is divided into two educational districts, [[List of educational institutions in Gobichettipalayam|Gobichettipalayam]] and [[List of educational institutions in Erode|Erode]]. Former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran|Dr.M.G.Ramachandran]] started IRT Perundurai Medical College which is now renamed as [[Erode Medical College]] at [[Perundurai]] and an Engineering College "[[Institute of Road & Transport Technology|Institute of Road and Transport Technology]]" as the [[Automotive engineering|Automobile]] Research oriented Institute for the welfare of workers of [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|Tamil Nadu State Transport Coorporation]] in 1984 which is now renamed as [[Government College of Engineering, Erode|Government Engineering college, Erode]]. [[Institute of Road and Transport Technology|IRTT]] is one of the top 10 Government Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu. Other institutions include Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Vellalar Institutions, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Kongu Engineering College, and Nandha college of technology.

[[File:Pariyur.jpg|thumb|[[Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman|Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple]]]]
[[File:Bannarai amman temple at bannari.JPG|thumb|[[Bannari Amman Temple]]]]

==Places of interest==
Erode has many places of interest, attracting tourists from all over the state and other neighboring states. Notable ones include:

* [[Bargur hills]], [[Anthiyur]]
* [[Bannari Amman Temple]], [[Bannari]]
* [[Bhavanisagar Dam]], [[Bhavanisagar]]
* [[Sangameswarar Temple]], [[Bhavani]]
* [[Chennimalai|Chennimalai Murugan temple]], [[Chennimalai]]
* [[Kodiveri Dam]], [[Gobichettipalayam]]
* [[Pachaimalai Subramanya Swamy Temple]], [[Gobichettipalayam]]
* [[Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman|Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple]], [[Gobichettipalayam]]
* [[Gobi boat house]], [[Gobichettipalayam]]
* [[Kunderipallam Dam]], [[Gobichettipalayam]]
* [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary|Sathyamangalam Tiger reserve]]
* [[Perumpallam dam]], [[Sathyamangalam]]
* [[Government Museum, Erode|Government Museum]], [[Erode]]
* [[Thindal Murugan Temple]], [[Erode]]
* [[Vellode Birds Sanctuary]], [[Erode]]
* [[Kodumudi|Magudeshwarar Temple]], [[Kodumudi]]
* [[Sadayappasamy Temple]], [[kandasamypalayam]]
* [[Vijayamangalam Jain temple]]

==See also==
*[[Kaliyur]]
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://erode.nic.in/ Erode District]

{{Erode district}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Erode district| ]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]

Medak district

2022-04-10T17:10:34Z

150.129.101.74:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Medak}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Medak district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Telangana|District]] of [[Telangana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Paddy Fields in Medak district 15.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Paddy fields in Medak
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Medak district'''
|type=shape |id=Q15386
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Medak district of Telangana
|type2=line|id2=Q677037|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Telangana
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Telangana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Medak
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Medak]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 7
| area_total_km2 =
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 767428
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title = [[District collector]]
| leader_name = [[Sri Dharma Reddy]]
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://medak.telangana.gov.in/}}
}}
[[File:Medak District Revenue divisions.png|thumb|280px|Medak District Revenue divisions]]
'''Medak district''' is a [[district]] located in the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. [[Medak]] is the district headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://medakdistrict.net/profile|title=Profile|publisher=Medak District|access-date=2014-02-14}}</ref> The district shares boundaries with [[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]], [[Kamareddy district|Kamareddy]], [[Siddipet district|Siddipet]] and [[Medchal district|Medchal]] districts.

== History ==

Traces of Neolithic and Megalithic culture was found at '''Edithanur''' and '''Wargal'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yK8D8c5-HXAC&q=neolithic+sites+in+medak&pg=PA155 |title=Comprehensive History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: Pre- and protohistoric ... - Google Books |isbn=9788125024750 |access-date=2014-02-14|last1=Murty |first1=M. L. K. |year=2003 }}</ref> village hillocks in the district. Rock paintings were found at '''Edithanur''' boulders<ref>{{cite web|author=v ramchandra rao |url=http://indculture0.tripod.com/prehist.htm |title=Prehistoric rock art near Hyderabad, India |publisher=Indculture0.tripod.com |access-date=2014-02-14}}</ref> and '''Hastallapur''' rocks.<ref>During the era of Qutub Shahis this was named as Gulshanabad due to its vegetation and gardens. later it was again changed to Medak district. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/treasuring-the-prehistoric-rock-art/article2046635.ece</ref>

=== Nizam state ===
In 20th century Medak district was a part of Nizam princely State before independence and merged into Hyderabad State in Independent India and presently a district of [[Telangana]]. Qutub Shahis named it as Gulshanabad which means '"city of gardens'" due to its luscious greenery.

== Geography ==

The district is spread over an area of {{convert|2740.89|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="newdist">{{cite news|title=New districts|url=http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=320397|access-date=8 October 2016|work=Andhra Jyothy.com|date=8 October 2016}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]], the district has a population of 767,428.<ref name="newdist" />

== Economy ==
In 2006 the Indian government named Medak one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf /> It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>

== Administrative divisions ==

The district is divided into three [[List of Revenue Divisions in Andhra Pradesh|revenue divisions]] of Medak, Narsapur and Tupran. These are sub-divided into sixteen [[mandal]]s and has 381 villages.<ref name="newdist" /> Dharma Reddy is the present collector of the district.<ref>{{cite news|title=K Chandrasekhar Rao appoints collectors for new districts|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/111016/k-chandrasekhar-rao-appoints-collectors-for-new-districts.html|access-date=13 October 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=11 October 2016}}</ref>

=== Mandals ===

The below table categorizes 16 [[mandal]]s into their respective revenue divisions in the district:<ref name="mandals">{{cite web|title=Clipping of Andhra Jyothy Telugu Daily – Hyderabad|url=http://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/c/13774805|website=Andhra Jyothy|access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!S.No.!! Medak revenue division !! Narsapur revenue division !! Tupran revenue division
|-
|1
| Medak
| Narsapur
| Ramayampeta
|-
|2
| Havelighanpur
| Sivampeta
| Nizampeta
|-
|3
| Papannapeta
| Koudipalli
| Yeldurthi
|-
|4
| Sankarampeta
| Kulcharam
| [[Chegunta]]
|-
|5
| Tekmal
| Chilpched
| Narsingi
|-
|6
| Alladurg
|
| Tupran
|-
|7
| Regodu
| [[Anantasagar]]
| Manoharabad
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage |Medak (district)}}
* [https://medak.telangana.gov.in/ Official website]

{{Telangana |state=collapsed}}
{{Medak district}}
{{Godavari basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Medak district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Telangana]]