Chahamanas of Jalor

2021-06-30T09:30:48Z

164.100.222.44:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox country
| common_name = Chahamanas of Jalor
| conventional_long_name = Chahamanas of Jalor
| year_start = c. 1160
| year_end = 1311
| capital = Jalor
| government_type = monarchy
| today = {{IND}}
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The '''Chahamanas of Jalor''', also known as the '''Chauhans of Jalor''' in vernacular legends, were an Indian Rajput dynasty that ruled the area around [[Jalore]] in present-day [[Rajasthan]] between 1160 and 1311. They branched off from the [[Chahamanas of Naddula]], and then ruled as feudatories of the [[Chaulukya]]s of Gujarat. For a brief period, they became independent, but ultimately succumbed to the [[Delhi Sultanate]] at the [[Siege of Jalore]].

== History ==

The Chahamanas of Jalor descended from [[Alhanadeva|Alhana]], a Chahamana king of the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula branch]]. Originally, the [[Jalore Fort]] was controlled by a branch of the [[Paramara]]s until early 12th century. The Chahamanas of Naddula seized its control during Alhana's reign. [[Kirtipala]], a son of Alhana, received a feudal grant of 12 villages from his father and his brother (the crown-prince) [[Kelhanadeva|Kelhana]]. He controlled his domains from Suvarnagiri or Sonagiri, the hill on which [[Jalore Fort]] is located. Because of this, the branch to which he belonged came to be known as [[Sonagara]].{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|pp=1-2}}

Kirtipala carved out an independent kingdom for himself before his death. He was a Hindu, but also patronized [[Jainism|Jains]].{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=145}} The family of his son and successor [[Samarasimha]] built several temples and other buildings.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=146}} His son [[Udayasimha]] succeeded him, while another of his sons, Manavasimha was the ancestor of the Chauhan branch of Chandravati and Mount Abu.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=147}} The ruling family of the [[Sirohi State]] descended from Manavasimha.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=154}}

The Jalor dynasty reached its zenith under Udayasimha. He captured [[Naddula]] (Nadol), probably from the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Aram Shah]], who had earlier defeated the Chahamanas of Naddula. He also captured Mandavyapura ([[Mandor]]), but the Delhi Sultanate conquered it in 1226, under [[Iltumish]]. In addition, he conquered Vagbhatameru ([[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]]), which was probably a principality ruled by a [[Paramara]] branch.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=148}} He also conquered several other territories that were previously controlled by the [[Chaulukya]]s of Gujarat (Solankis). The Chaulukyas were fighting the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] on their southern frontier. Taking advantage of this, Udayasimha formed a confederacy with the [[Guhilas of Mewar]], the [[Paramaras of Chandravati]] and other rulers of [[Marwar]]. The confederacy attacked the Chaulukyas from north, following which the Chaulukya general Lavana-prasada was forced to sign a treaty with them.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|pp=149-150}} Udayasimha also formed a confederacy against Iltumish, forcing the Delhi Sultan to retreat from Marwar.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=152}}

Udayasimha's son [[Chachigadeva]] retained the territories he inherited. Chachiga's son [[Samantasimha]] faced attack from the Delhi Sultanate, but was saved by his neighbour, the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] king Saranagadeva.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=152}} [[Kanhadadeva]], practically the last king of the dynasty, was [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore|defeated and killed]] by the forces of [[Alauddin Khalji]].{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=169}} According to the ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]'', during this siege, Kanhadadeva's son [[Viramadeva]] was formally crowned King, but he died 2½ days later.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=169}}{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}}

== Rulers ==

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=xvi}}

* [[Kirtipala|Kirti-pala]] (c. 1160-1182 CE)
* [[Samarasimha|Samara-simha]] (c. 1182-1204 CE)
* [[Udayasimha|Udaya-simha]] (c. 1204-1257 CE)
* [[Chachigadeva|Chachiga-deva]] (c. 1257-1282 CE)
* [[Samantasimha|Samanta-simha]] (c. 1282-1305 CE)
* [[Kanhadadeva|Kanhada-deva]] (c. 1292-1311 CE)
* [[Viramadeva|Virama-deva]] (1311 CE); crowned during the [[Siege of Jalore]], but died 2½ days later.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=169}}{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |oclc=3624414 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |year=1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |oclc=12737199 }}

[[Category:Chahamanas of Jalor| ]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:12th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:14th-century disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Jalore district]]

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Chahamanas of Jalor