Bhumij people

2025-12-12T13:25:28Z

165.225.50.142:

{{Short description|Ethnic group of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Bhumij
| population = {{circa|1 million}}
| total_year = 2011
| total_source = est
| total_ref = {{efn|The Bhumij are recognized as Scheduled Tribes in three states: Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal, with a population of 869,653 according to the 2011 census.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504134725/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html |archive-date=4 May 2020}}</ref> However, Bhumij residing in other administrative states and countries are not individually counted in the census; thus, [[Census in British India|colonial census]] figures are used to estimate their current total population.}}
| popplace = {{flag|India}}, {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| region2 = [[West Bengal]]
| pop2 = 376,296
| ref2 = <ref name=Stat2013>{{Cite web |title=Statistical profile of scheduled tribes in India 2013 |url=http://www.tribal.nic.in/ST/StatisticalProfileofSTs2013.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |publisher=Minister of tribal affairs: statistics division, Govt of India}}</ref>
| region3 = [[Odisha]]
| pop3 = 283,909
| ref3 = <ref name=Stat2013/>
| region4 =
| pop4 =
| region5 = [[Jharkhand]]
| pop5 = 209,448
| ref5 = <ref name=Stat2013/>
| region7 = [[Assam]]
| pop7 = 72,003 (1951, {{estimation}})
| ref7 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |page=12}}</ref>
| region6 = [[Bihar]]
| pop6 = 1,567
| ref6 = <ref name=BiharCensus11>{{cite web|title= A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42891/download/46559/SC-10-PCA-A10-APPENDIX.xlsx |work=Census commission of India |year=2011}}</ref>
| region8 = [[Tripura]]
| pop8 = 755 (1951, {{estimation}})
| ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Estimated Population by Castes, 7. Tripura – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30195/download/33376/21102_1951_EST.pdf |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |page=11}}</ref>
| region9 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop9 = 9,664 (2021)
| ref9 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf |title=Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex |year=2021 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |page=33 |language=bn |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813235827/https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
| languages = [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]]{{*}}[[#Language|Regional languages]]
| religions = [[Sarnaism]]{{*}}[[Hinduism]]
| related = [[Munda people|Munda]] {{•}} [[Kol people|Kol]] {{•}} [[Ho people|Ho]] {{•}} [[Santal]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Firkal slowly decaying martial dance of ChotaNagpur of Jharkhand performed at Central Park Delhi IMG 0934 02.jpg
| caption = [[Firkal dance]] performed by Bhumij people
}}

'''Bhumij''' (also transliterated as Bhumuj) is a [[Munda peoples|Munda]] [[ethnic group]] of India. They primarily live in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], Assam and [[Jharkhand]], mostly in the old [[Singhbhum district]] and also in states like Bihar and Assam. A sizeable population is also found in [[Bangladesh]]. Bhumijas speak the [[Bhumij language]], an [[Austroasiatic language]], and use [[Ol Onal]] script for writing.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://omniglot.com/writing/olonal.htm|title= Ol Onal}}omniglot</ref>

== Overview ==
=== Etymology ===
Bhumij means "one who is born from the soil" and it is derived from word ''bhūmi'' (a land or soil).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A. B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx%3FRepositoryNo%3DTRI28-08-2017121302%26file%3DDocs/TRI28-08-2017121302.pdf |title=Bhumij |publisher=[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute|Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-80705-25-5}}</ref> According to N. Ramaswani, the word is etymologically ''Bhūm-jo'' meaning "people originating from Bhum areas, i.e. [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]], [[Dhalbhum]], [[Manbhum]], [[Barabhum]], etc.", [[Edward Tuite Dalton|Dalton]] also had claimed that Bhumijs were the original inhabitants of [[Dhalbhum]], [[Barabhum]], [[Patkum estate|Patkum]] and [[Baghmundi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=N Ramaswamy |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.language.1596 |title=Bhumij Grammar |date=1992}}</ref>

=== Social structure ===
The social structure of the Bhumijas is characterized by its dynamism, incorporating both tribal traits inherited from their parent tribe, the [[Munda people|Munda]], and elements from caste-based society. During the colonial period, they were often labeled as Hinduized or semi-Hinduized tribes, and sometimes even identified as a distinct caste. In modern times, the Bhumij form part of the tribe-caste continuum society. Their society is characterised by nuclear family, patriliny, exogamy and hereditary headship of the village community. They follow Hindu practices of succession and inheritance. The Bhumij are divided into several geographical endogamous groups based on ancestral territory and occupation, such as ''[[Tamar block|Tamaliya]], Na-gadi, Astha, Choto Astha'' in Jharkhand; ''[[Barabhum|Barah Bhuiyan]], [[Singhbhum district|Deshua]], [[Haludpukur|Haldi Pukhria]], [[Tamar block|Tamadia]] Sikharia, Tharua'' in Odisha; ''[[Barabhum|Borabhui]], Mura, Mura bhumij, [[Chaibasa]] mura, Khanga mura, Kumpat mura, Manki bhumij'' in Assam; ''Bara, Bhoogol, Bhuiya, Kada kata, Manki, Nag, [[Patkum estate|Patkumia]], Sing'' in Tripura. In Mayurbhanj, segmentary Bhumija group are ''[[Tamar block|Tamaria]] Bhumij, Tamudia'' (this subgroup earlier notified as a [[Schedule Caste]] of Odisha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamudia |url=https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/sc-communities/108-sc-communities/417-tamudia |access-date=2022-11-09 |publisher=[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute|SCSTRTI]]|website=www.scstrti.in}}</ref>), ''[[Haludpukur|Haldipukuria]] Bhumij, [[Teli]] Bhumij, Desi or Dehuri Bhumij, [[Barah Bhuiyan Bhumij]]'' and ''[[Kol people|Kol]] Bhumij''.<ref name=":1" />
===Genetics===
According to genetic study conducted on Bhumij population on 2010, it was found that their 70% Y Haplogroups belongs to [[Haplogroup O-K18|O2a-M95]] found among population of [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Austro-Asiatic language]] speaker and rest belongs to Haplogroups found in India. Their mitrocondrial Haplogroups belongs [[Haplogroup M (mtDNA)]] found in Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{Cite thesis|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305778265|title=Genetic study of Bhumij Tribe of Jharkhand using mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA markers|author=Smita Kujur|year=2010|access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2023}}

=== Geographic distribution ===
[[File:Bhumij people distribution.svg|thumb|Distribution of Bhumij people, 2011 census]]
The Bhumij are primarily inhabitants of [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], [[Assam]], and [[Bihar]]. Specifically they are thickly concentrated in [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]], [[Saraikela Kharsawan district|Saraikela kharsawan]] district of Jharkhand; [[Purulia]], [[Bankura]], [[Midnapore]] and [[24 Parganas]] district of [[West Bengal]]; [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]], [[Sundergarh|Sundargarh]], [[Keonjhar]], and [[Balasore]] district of [[Odisha]] and sporadically distributed in other parts those states. In [[Assam]], where they are very recent immigrants, their greatest concentration occurs in the [[Assam valley]]. Bhumijs are also found sporadically in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Tripura]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Andaman and Nicobar]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Manipur]], [[Delhi]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]].

In [[Bangladesh]], the Bhumij people came to the [[Sylhet region]] from [[Bihar]] as tea-labourers. They can be found in [[Sreemangal Upazila|Srimangal]] with a population of 3000. The Bhumijs lives in [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]], [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]], [[Sreemangal Upazila|Srimangal]], [[Dhaka]] and [[Chittagong]] regions. They are divided into many clans (''killi'') such as Kaitra, Garur, Kasim, Bhugal, Baundra, Ban, Nag, Shona, Shar, Tresha, etc. Their Bhumij dialect is less and less spoken and Bengali is more widely spoken among the community.<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book|last=Jengcham|first=Subhash|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|chapter=Bhumij|chapter-url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bhumij}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silbangladesh.org/sites/ban/files/story_of_an_ancestors_belief.pdf |website=silbangladesh |title=STORY OF AN ANCESTOR'S BELIEF |date=2022}}</ref>

== History ==
Bhumij means "one who is born from the soil".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A. B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx%3FRepositoryNo%3DTRI28-08-2017121302%26file%3DDocs/TRI28-08-2017121302.pdf |title=Bhumij |publisher=[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute|Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-80705-25-5}}</ref>

While those living nearer to [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] still retain linguistic links with Mundari, those living further east and south have adopted Bengali and Oriya as their languages respectively. In [[Dhalbhum]] they are completely Hinduised. During British rule, or sometimes even earlier, many of the Bhumij became ''[[zamindars]]'' and some even secured the title of ''[[Raja]]''. Others were called ''[[Sardar]]''. However, all of them, having climbed the social ladder, proclaimed themselves to be [[Kshatriyas]], in keeping with the trends in the region.<ref name="Ghosh">Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 423-434, Prakash Bhaban</ref>

=== Bhumij rebellion ===
{{Main|Bhumij rebellion}}
{{See also|Chuar Rebellion}}

The people in the surrounding areas were quite scared of them. The well known [[Chuar Rebellion|Chuar revolt]], a series of [[peasant rebellion]]s started between 1766 and 1816 by the inhabitants of the countryside surrounding the West Bengali settlements of [[Midnapore]], [[Bankura]] and [[Manbhum]] against the rule of the [[East India Company]] (EIC).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=1766+Chuar&pg=SL1-PA97 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |date=2009-05-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-4074-7 |language=en}}</ref> The rebels rose in revolt due to the exploitative land revenue policies of the EIC, which threatened their economic livelihoods. According to [[Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley|L.S.S. O’Malley]], an EIC administrator who wrote the Bengal District Gazetteer, "In March 1766 Government resolved to send an expedition into the country west and north-west of Midnapore in order to coerce them into paying revenue, and to capture and demolish as many of their strongholds as possible." Amongst the many dispossessed Bhumij [[zamindar]]s, those who lent support to the rebels included royalty such as Jagannath Singh of [[Dhalbhum]], [[Durjan Singh]] of [[Raipur, Birbhum|Raipur]], Baidyanath Singh of [[Dhalbhum]], Mangal Singh of [[Panchet]], Lakshman Singh of [[Barabhum]], Raghunath Singh of [[Dhalbhum]], [[Ganga Narayan Singh|Ganga Narayan]] of [[Barabhum]], [[Rani Shiromani]] of [[Karnagarh]], Raja Madhu Singh of [[Manbhum]], Subal Singh of Kuilapal, Shyam Ganjam Singh of Dhadka, Raja Mohan Singh of Juriah, Lakshman Singh of Dulma, Sunder Narayana Singh and Phateh Singh.<ref name="sengupta">History of the Bengali-speaking People by Nitish Sengupta, first published 2001, second reprint 2002, UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd. pages 187-188, {{ISBN|81-7476-355-4}}</ref>

==Culture==
They also practice the martial art called [[Firkal dance|Firkal]], although it has been reduced to a single village among the Bhumij who perform it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-martial-dance-of-the-bhumij-still-survives-in-a-little-outback/218791|title=The martial dance of the Bhumij still survives in a little outback {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|website=Outlook (India)|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Firkal slowly decaying martial dance of ChotaNagpur of Jharkhand IMG 1069 01.jpg|thumb|Firkal slowly displaying martial dance of ChotaNagpur of Jharkhand]]

=== Language ===
{{Main|Bhumij language}}
Bhumij is the language of the Munda subfamily of the [[Austroasiatic languages]], related to Ho, Mundari and Santali, spoken mainly in the Indian states [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]]. It is spoken by around 100,000 people in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhumij language and alphabet |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/bhumij.htm |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref> Though many Bhumijs in West Bengal and Orissa are speaking Bengali and Odia respectively as their [[first language]].

In January 2019, Bhumij was accorded the status of second language in the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jharkhand notifies Bhumij as second state language |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-notifies-bhumij-as-second-state-language/ |access-date=17 April 2022 |work=The Avenue Mail |date=5 January 2019}}</ref>

== Religion and festivals ==
The followers of [[Sarnaism]] among the Bhumij have been organising protests and petitions to have their religion recognised by the government of India in census forms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kiro |first=Santosh Kumar |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130819/jsp/jharkhand/story_17245599.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104034353/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130819/jsp/jharkhand/story_17245599.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2014 |title=Delhi demo for Sarna identity |newspaper=The Telegraph |date= 19 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Tribals-to-rally-for-inclusion-of-Sarna-religion-in-census/articleshow/19282700.cms |url-status=live |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002175305/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/ranchi/38144883_1_census-format-separate-sarna-religion-code-rally |title=Tribals to rally for inclusion of Sarna religion in census |newspaper=Times of India |date=30 March 2013}}</ref>

==Official classification==
Bhumijas have been designated as [[Scheduled Tribes]] in only three states—[[List of Scheduled Tribes in Odisha|Odisha]], [[Tribes of Jharkhand|Jharkhand]], and [[Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal|West Bengal]]—by the Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Scheduled Tribes|url=http://www.tribal.nic.in/ST/LatestListofScheduledtribes.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in }}</ref> {{sic|In [[Bihar]], they are recognized as [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]]}},<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Scheduled Castes State wise / UT wise list of Scheduled Castes updated up to 05-01-2023 |url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/common/76750 |website=socialjustice.gov.in |access-date=May 21, 2023}} [https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Scan-0003.jpg Direct URL]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=203 castes in Bihar to choose from as 2nd leg of survey begins April 15 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/203-castes-in-bihar-to-choose-from-as-2nd-leg-of-survey-begins-april-15-101679588703223.html |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and in Tripura and Assam (as the [[Tea-garden community of Assam|Ex-tea garden community]]), they fall under the category of [[Other Backward Class]]es.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvdd7KihswbYVoTSx7XDi4wmRFbGxg+5XKv5f0QbHfa+6IJiXsS0CcD |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF ASSAM |url=http://ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/cl/assam.pdf |website=ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> Those residing in other states and countries are considered part of the [[Forward caste|general population]]. However, the Bhumij were classified as [[Scheduled Castes]] before the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order of 1956. Until 2024, the Tamudia segment of the Bhumij tribe was designated as Scheduled Caste in Odisha, but it was subsequently recognized as Scheduled Tribes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament passes the Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order (Amendment) Bill 2024 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2004918 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Odisha ST list gets two new entrants and offers relief to at least 50 sub-tribes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-st-list-gets-two-new-entrants-and-offers-relief-to-at-least-50-subtribes-101707490394584.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Notable people ==

* [[Durga Bhumij]] - politician
* [[Haren Bhumij]] - politician
* [[Jogeswar Bhumij]] - cricketer
* [[Pranjal Bhumij]] - footballer
* [[Gambhir Singh Mura]] - [[Padma Shri]] recipient and tribal [[Chhau dance|Chhau]] dancer
* [[Amulya Sardar]] - politician
* [[Hari Ram Sardar]] - politician
* [[Maneka Sardar]] - politician
* [[Sanatan Sardar]] - tribal leader and politician
* [[Sanjib Sardar]] - politician
* [[Rani Shiromani]] - queen of Karnagarh and leader of [[Chuar rebellion]]
* Baidyanath Singh - leader of [[Chuar Rebellion]]
*
* [[Durjan Singh]] - leader of [[Chuar Rebellion]]
* [[Ganga Narayan Singh]] - leader of [[Bhumij rebellion]] and [[Chuar Rebellion]]
* Jagannath Singh Patar - leader of [[Chuar Rebellion]]
* Raghunath Singh - leader of [[Chuar Rebellion]]
* [[Shyam Ganjam Singh]] - leader of [[Chuar Rebellion]]
* [[Subal Singh]] - leader of [[Chuar Rebellion]]

==See also==
*[[Bhumij language]]
*[[Ganga Narayan Singh]]
*[[Bhumij rebellion]]
*[[Chuar Rebellion]]
*[[Ol Onal]]

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

===Sources===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite thesis |last=Kujur |first=Smita |date=2010 |title=Genetic study of Bhumij Tribe of Jharkhand using mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA markers |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305778265 |journal= |doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.1456.9200 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}
* {{Citation |last=Sarkar |first=Soma |title=Bhumij in a heterogeneous society: negotiating hierarchies and access to water in the Jungle Mahals of West Bengal |date=2022-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323916035000191 |work=Indigenous People and Nature
|pages=241–256 |editor-last=Chatterjee |editor-first=Uday |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-91603-5.00019-1 |isbn=978-0-323-91603-5 |access-date=2022-08-21 |editor2-last=Kashyap |editor2-first=Anil |editor3-last=Everard |editor3-first=Mark |editor4-last=Panda |editor4-first=Gopal Krishna|url-access=subscription }}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite journal |last=Sinha |first=Surajit |title=Bhumij-Kshatriya Social Movement in South Manbhum |journal=Bulletin of the Department of Anthropology |url= https://www.academia.edu/4299966 |publisher= Calcutta University |volume=VIII |issue=2 |pages=9–32 |year=1959 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Sinha |first=Surajit |url=http://archive.org/details/Continua.By.Sinha |title=Tribe–Caste and Tribe–Peasant Continua in Central India |date=1965 |journal=Man in India |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=57–83}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Sinha |first=Surajit |title= The media and nature of Hindu-Bhumij interactions|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98853/page/n47/ |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society Letters and Science |volume= 23 |issue= 1–2 |date=1959|pages=23–37}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Bhumij people}}
*{{Cite web |date=6 March 2018 |title="Bhumij Tribe" A Documentary Movie |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3u00wm4T26Y |access-date=13 May 2022 |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=Ministry of tribal affairs, Govt of India |type=Video}}

{{Scheduled tribes of India}}{{Scheduled tribes of West Bengal}}
{{Scheduled tribes in Odisha}}
{{Tribes of Jharkhand}}
{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Bhumij| ]]
[[Category:Social groups of Assam]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Tribes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Tribes of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Bihar]]

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Bhumij people