Atrauli Gharana

2021-04-16T22:05:54Z

171.79.123.25:

{{orphan|date=December 2020}}

The '''Atrauli Gharana''' is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]] apprenticeship fraternity (''[[orignal gharana]]''), founded by four brothers from the [[Dhrupad|Gauharbani tradition]] who moved to [[Atrauli]] from [[Gwalior]] in the late-18th century. The gharana is best known for its influence and association with the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana|Jaipur-Atrauli]] and [[Agra Gharana|Agra gharanas]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Manorma |title=Tradition of Hindustani music |date=2006 |publisher=A.P.H. Pub. Corp |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7648-999-9 |page=49}}</ref>

This tradition acquired its celebrated status as its representatives, like [[Alladiya Khan]], [[Faiyaz Khan]], and [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]], grew with acclaim in the 20th Century. The gharana is known for its distinctive vocal aesthetics, raga repertoire, and technical aptitude.<ref name="Mukhopādhyāẏa2006">{{cite book|author=Kumāraprasāda Mukhopādhyāẏa|title=The Lost World of Hindustani Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MR_6Gr26hAC&pg=PA154|year=2006|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306199-1|pages=154–}}</ref>

==History==
The gharana was formed in the 18th Century by four brothers - Hidayat Khan, Mughul Khan, Karim Hussain Khan, and Jabbar Khan - who were musicians that settled in [[Atrauli]] from Gwalior at the invitation of its Nawab.<ref name="Sharma2006">{{cite book|author=Manorma Sharma|title=Tradition of Hindustani Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&pg=PA49|year=2006|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-999-7|pages=49–51}}</ref>

Unlike the [[Agra Gharana]], which comes from the [[Dhrupad|Nauharbani tradition]], and the [[Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana]], which comes from the [[Dhrupad|Dagarbani tradition]], the Atrauli Gharana emerged from the [[Dhrupad|Gauharbani tradition]].<ref name="Grimes2008">{{cite book|author=Jeffrey Michael Grimes|title=The Geography of Hindustani Music: The Influence of Region and Regionalism on the North Indian Classical Tradition|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-1-109-00342-0|pages=142–}}</ref>

==Lineage==
The following family trees are based on reports by [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Tapasi |title=Pran Piya: Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan |date=2008 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |location=India |isbn=978-81-269-0855-4 |page=Appendix}}</ref>
===Ancestral Lineage===
{{familytree/start|style=font-size:70%;line-height:100%;}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |GAUHA|
|GAUHA=''[[Dhrupad#Gauharbani|Gauharbani]] Ancestors from Gwalior who settled in [[Atrauli]]''}}
{{familytree| |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|~|~|A|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | |}}
{{familytree| |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |:| | | |}}
{{familytree|HIDAY| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MUGHU| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |KARIM| | | | | |JABBA|
|HIDAY=Hidayat Khan
|MUGHU=Mughul Khan
|KARIM=Karim Khan
|JABBA=Jabbar Khan}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree|LALKH| | | | | | | | | |DAUG1| | | | | |HAZIZ| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DAUG2| |GULAM| |NOORK|
|LALKH=Lal Khan
|DAUG1=Daughter, Wife of [[Tanras Khan]]
|HAZIZ=Hazi Zahoor Khan
|DAUG2=Daughter
|GULAM=Manshi Ghulam Hussain
|NOORK=Noor Khan}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| |!| | |!| | |!| | |!| | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|CHOJJ|FAZAL|INAYA|FAIZK|RIYAZ| | | | | |MEHBO| |PUTTA| | |JASIY| | |VITTO| | |MUNSH| | | | |JAIPU|
|CHOJJ=Chojja Khan
|FAZAL=Fazal Khan
|INAYA=Inayat Khan
|FAIZK=Faiz Khan
|RIYAZ=Riyaz Khan
|MEHBO=[[Mehboob Khan (classical musician)|Mehboob Khan "Daraspiya"]]
|PUTTA=[[Puttan Khan|Puttan Khan]]
|JASIY=Jasiya Begum, Wife of [[Natthan Khan|Natthan Khan (Agrawale)]]
|VITTO=Vitto Begum, Wife of Ahmed Khan (Atrauliwale)
|MUNSH=Munshi Jamal Ahmed Khan
|JAIPU=''[[Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana|Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana Tradition]]''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |)|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | |)|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | |)|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | |!| | |!| | |!| | | | |!| | |!| | |!| | |!| | |!| | |!| | | |!| | |!| | |!| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|ABBAS| | | |AHMED|ALTAF|LIAQA|DAUG3| | |ATAHU|BANDE|AJJUB|MARIA|BASHI|ALLAR| |KAMAA|REYAZ|HASIN|
|ABBAS=Abbasi Begum, Wife of [[Safdar Hussain Khan|Safdar Hussain Khan]]
|AHMED=Ahmed Khan
|ALTAF=[[Altaf Hussain Khan]]
|LIAQA=[[Liaqat Hussain Khan]]
|DAUG3=Daughter
|ATAHU=[[Ata Hussain Khan]]
|BANDE=[[Bande Hasan Khan]]
|AJJUB=Ajju Begum, Wife of [[Umrao Khan]]
|MARIA=Mariambi Begum, Wife of Audulla Khan (Agrawale)
|BASHI=Bashiran Begum, Wife of [[Faiyaz Khan|Faiyaz Hussain Khan]]
|ALLAR=Allarakhe Begum, Wife of [[Liaqat Hussain Khan]]
|KAMAA=Kamaal Ahmed
|REYAZ=Reyaz Ahmed
|HASIN=Hasina Begum, Wife of [[Khadim Hussain Khan]]}}
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |:| | |:| | |:| | |:| | | | |:| | |:| | |:| | |:| | |:| | |:| | | |:| | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Prominent Musicians==
* [[Mehboob Khan (classical musician)|Mehboob Khan "Daraspiya"]]
* [[Puttan Khan]]
* [[Alladiya Khan]]
* [[Faiyaz Hussain Khan]]
* [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|author=Gaanyogini Dhondutai Kulkarni|title=Sur Sangat|url=http://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books/Details/5724652453443640463|year=2014|publisher=Rajhans Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7434-694-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Babanrao Haldankar|title=Aesthetics of Agra and Jaipur Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktS00KztX3YC&pg=PA70|year=2001|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-685-5}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atrauli Gharana}}
[[Category:Vocal gharanas]]
[[Category:Aligarh district]]

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Atrauli Gharana