Budorcas taxicolor whitei

2022-08-16T20:06:19Z

172.70.162.144:

{{subspeciesbox
| image= Bhutan Takin, Jigme Dorji National Park.JPG
| image_caption = Bhutan Takin, Jigme Dorji National Park
| name = Bhutan takin
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Budorcas
| species = taxicolor
| species_link = Takin
| subspecies = whitei
| authority = Lydekker, 1907
}}
The '''Bhutan takin''' (''Budorcas taxicolor whitei'') is a vulnerable subspecies of [[Takin]] native to [[Bhutan]], North Eastern [[India]], Western part of [[People's Republic of China|China]], and [[Tibet]]. The main threats to the Bhutan Takin are [[hunting]] and [[habitat loss]].<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/3160/0 |title=Budorcas taxicolor |work=[[IUCN Red List]] }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Biology-stub}}

[[Category:Mammals of Asia]]
[[Category:Caprids]]
[[Category:National symbols of Bhutan]]

Cymbidium goeringii

2022-08-10T23:49:51Z

172.70.162.144:

[[Image:Cymbidium goeringii 2.jpg|frameless|250px|right]]
The '''Noble Orchid''' (''Cymbidium goeringii'') is a [[Hardiness (plants)|cold hardy]] [[evergreen]] [[Orchid]].<ref name=BBPE>{{cite web |url=http://botanyboy.org/cymbidium-goeringii-a-cold-hardy-terrestrial-orchid-from-east-asia/ |title=Cymbidium goeringii, a cold hardy terrestrial orchid from east Asia |publisher=Botany Boy Plant Encyclopedia |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref> It is a [[Wikt:dwarf|dwarf]] plant that [[wikt:bloom|bloom]]s in the [[spring]].<ref name=Croix130>I F La Croix; Manuel Aubron, ''The New Encyclopedia of Orchids: 1500 Species in Cultivation'' (Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2008), p. 130</ref> Its [[petal]]s are [[green]], [[yellow]]-green or [[brown]]. It has [[pseudobulbs]] found below [[ground]].<ref name=Croix130/> The leaves are long and grass-like with [[wikt:serrated|serrated]] [[Wikt:edge|edge]]s.<ref name=Croix130/> It is found growing as far [[north]] as [[Okushiri Island]] (42 degrees [[north]] [[latitude]]).<ref name=BBPE/> It can stand [[freezing]] [[temperature]]s over the [[winter]] months.<ref name=BBPE/> It has been grown in [[China]] for over 2500 years,<ref name=Croix130/> dating back before the time of [[Confucius]].<ref name=CCCB>{{cite web |url=https://www.aos.org/Default.aspx?id=458 |title=Cymbidiums - Cool Climate Beauties |publisher=American Orchid Society |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref> In [[Japan]] it has been cultivated for several hundred years. In [[Europe]] the earliest records date it to 1780.<ref name=CCCB/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{biology-stub}}

[[Category:Orchids]]
[[Category:National symbols of Sikkim]]

Fariduddin Ganjshakar

2022-08-03T12:28:18Z

172.70.162.144:

{{short description|12th-century Punjabi Muslim preacher,poet and mystic}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Merge|Farid-ud-din Ganj Shakar}}
{{Infobox saint
| image = File:Darbar Hazrat Baba Farid ud Deen Ganj Shakar Rahmatullah Alaih - panoramio.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Shrine of Baba Farid in [[Pakistan]]
| name = Farīd al-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar <br />{{nq|فرِیدُالدّین گنج شکَر}}
| titles =
| birth_date = c. 4 April 1173<ref name=south-asian/>
| birth_place = Kothewal, [[Multan]], [[Punjab]], [[Ghurid Sultanate]]
| death_date = c. 7 May 1266<ref name=south-asian/>
| death_place = [[Pakpattan]], [[Punjab]], [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| venerated_in = [[Islam in South Asia| South Asian Sunni Muslims]] & [[Sikhs]]<ref name=BBCnews/>
| major_in = [[Shrine of Baba Farid]], [[Pakpattan]], [[Pakistan]]
| influences = [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]]
| influenced = Many, most prominent being [[Nizamuddin Auliya]], [[Jamal-ud-Din Hansvi]] and [[Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari]]
}}
{{Sufism}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}

'''Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i-Shakar''' (c. 4 April 1179 – 7 May 1266) was a 12th-century [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Sunni Muslim]] preacher and [[Mysticism|mystic]].<ref>Nizami, K.A., "Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd "Gand̲j̲-I-S̲h̲akar"", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.</ref> who went on to become "one of the most revered and distinguished ... Muslim mystics" of the [[medieval period]].<ref name="Nizami1955">{{cite book|author=[[Khaliq Ahmad Nizami]]|title=The Life and Times of Shaikh Farid-u'd-din Ganj-i-Shakar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuAbAQAAMAAJ|year=1955|publisher=Department of History, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]|page=1}}</ref> He is known reverentially as '''Bābā Farīd''' or '''Shaikh Farīd''' by [[Muslim]]s, [[Sikhs]] and [[Hindus]] of the [[Punjab Region]], or simply as '''Farīduddīn Ganjshakar'''.

==Life==
Fariduddin Masud was born in 1175 (571 [[Hijri year|AH]]) in Kothewal, 10 km from [[Multan]] in the Punjab region , to Jamāl-ud-dīn Suleimān and Maryam Bībī (Qarsum Bībī), daughter of Wajīh-ud-dīn Khojendī.

He was a [[Sunni]] Muslim and was one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order.<ref name=south-asian>[http://www.the-south-asian.com/April2001/Sufis-wisdom%20against%20violence3.htm (Sufis - Wisdom against Violence) Article on Baba Farid on the South Asian magazine website] published in April 2001, Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref>
Baba Farid received his early education at Multan, which had become a centre for Muslim education. There he met his teacher [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]], who was passing through Multan on his way from [[Baghdad]] to [[Delhi]].<ref name=ain>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702053%26ct%3D167 Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630143906/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702053%26ct%3D167 |date=30 June 2015 }} ''[[Ain-e-Akbari]]'' by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazal]], English translation, by [[Heinrich Blochmann]] and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907. [[Asiatic Society of Bengal|The Asiatic Society of Bengal]], [[Calcutta]]; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363</ref>

Once his education was over, he moved to Delhi, where he learned the Islamic doctrine from his master, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. He later moved to [[Hansi]], [[Haryana]].<ref name=har>''Sheikh Farid'', by [[Harbhajan Singh (poet)|Dr. Harbhajan Singh]]. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. {{ISBN|81-216-0255-6}}. Page 11.</ref> When Quṭbuddīn Bakhtiyār Kākī died in 1235, Farīd left Hansi and became his spiritual successor, and he settled in Ajodhan<ref name=former>Ajodhan's former name: Ajay Vardhan</ref> (the present [[Pakpattan]], Pakistan) instead of Delhi.

One of his descendants was [[Muhibbullah Allahabadi]] (1587–1648).<ref name="Schimmel">{{cite book|last=Schimmel|first=Annemarie|title=Islam in the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYImm1TnemwC&pg=PA98|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-06117-7|page=98}}, Published in 1980, now on Google Books, Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref>

Fariduddin Ganjshakar's shrine [[Durbar (court)|darbār]] is located in [[Pakpattan]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]].

==Spiritual lineage==
Baba Farīd spiritual lineage of [[Chishti Order]]<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/96341849/The-Mashaikh-of-Chisht-by-Shaykh-Muhammad-Zakariya-Kandhlawi</ref>{{unreliable source|date=February 2021}}
#[[Muhammad]]
#[[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
#[[Hasan al-Basri]]
#[[Abdul Waahid Bin Zaid]]
#[[Fudhail Bin Iyadh]]
#[[Ibrahim Bin Adham]]
#[[Huzaifah Al-Mar'ashi]] [[Basra]]<ref>https://makashfa.wordpress.com/2012/04/27/hadhrat-khuwajah-huzaifah-al-marashi-ra-chishtiya-sufi-order/</ref>
#[[Abu Hubayra al-Basri]]
#[[Khwaja Mumshad Uluw Al Dīnawarī]] [[Dinawar]]<ref>https://www.chishtiya.org/blog/2016/10/27/khwaja-mumshad-uluw-al-dinawari-2/</ref><ref>https://aalequtub.com/hazrat-khwaja-mumshad-dinawari-r-a/</ref>
#[[Abu Ishaq Shamī]] ( Chishti Name start)
#[[Abu Aḥmad Abdal Chishti]]<ref>https://www.chishtiya.org/blog/2016/10/27/khwaja-abu-ahmad-abdal-al-chishti-3/</ref>
#[[Abu Muḥammad Chishti]]<ref>https://www.chishtiya.org/blog/2016/10/27/khwaja-abu-mohammed-al-chishti-r-a-2/</ref>
#[[Abu Yusuf Bin Saamaan]]
#[[Maudood Chishti]]
#[[Shareef Zandani]]
#[[Usman Harooni]]
#[[Muinuddin Chishti]]
#[[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]]
#Fariduddin Ganjshakar

==Poetry==
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|pa-Latn|Farīdā jo taīN mārani mukīāN tinhāN na mārē ghumm
Farīdā jā lab thā nēhu kiā lab ta kūṛhā nēhu
Kālē maiḍē kapṛē, kālā maiḍā wais,
GunahīN bhariyā maiN phirāN, Lōk kahaiN darvēsh
GallīN cikkaṛ dūr ghar, nāḷ piyārē nīNh,
ChallāN tē bhijjē kamblī, rahāN tāN ṭuṭṭē nīNh.<ref name=south-asian/>
Roti meri kāṭh di, lawan meri bhukh
Jina khaadi chopadi, ghane sehenge dukh}}
|
Fareed, do not turn around and strike those who strike you with their fists.
Fareed, when there is greed, what love can there be? When there is greed, love is false.
Laden with my load of misdeeds, I move about in the garb of black garments.
And the people see me and call me a [[dervish]].
My promise to my love, a long way to go and a muddy lane ahead
If I move I spoil my cloak; if I stay I break my word.
My bread is of wood, which is enough to quench my hunger,
But the one who feast on buttered breads, will eventually suffer}}

==Legacy==

One of Farīd's most important contributions to [[Punjabi literature]] was his development of the language for literary purposes.<ref>Omer Tarin, 'Hazrat Baba Farid Ganj Shakar and the evolution of the literary Punjabi:A Brief Review' in ''Journal of Humanities and Liberal Arts'', 1995, pp.21-30</ref> Whereas Sanskrit, Arabic, Turkish and Persian had historically been considered the languages of the learned and the elite, and used in monastic centres, Punjabi was generally considered a less refined folk language. Although earlier poets had written in a primitive Punjabi, before Farīd there was little in Punjabi literature apart from traditional and anonymous ballads.<ref>Tarin, 27</ref> By using Punjabi as the language of poetry, Farīd laid the basis for a vernacular Punjabi literature that would be developed later.<ref>Tarin, p. 30</ref> The English translation of Farid's devotional poetry by [[Rana Nayar]] was conferred with [[Sahitya Akademi]] Golden Jubilee award in 2007.

The city of [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]] bears his name. According to legend, Farīd stopped by the city, then named Mokhalpūr, and sat in seclusion for forty days near the fort of King Mokhal. The king was said to be so impressed by his presence that he named the city after Baba Farid, which today is known as ''Tilla Baba Farid''. The festival Bābā Sheikh Farād Āgman Purb Melā' is celebrated in September each year from (21–23 Sep, for 3 days), commemorating his arrival in the city.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070925/punjab1.htm#11 Manns draw crowds at Baba Farid Mela] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030923/punjab.htm Tilla Baba Farid] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref> Ajodhan<ref name="former"/> was also renamed as Farīd's 'Pāk Pattan', meaning 'Holy Ferry'; today it is generally called Pāk Pattan Sharīf.<ref name=gaze>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_338.gif Pakpatthan Town] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1900, v. 19, p. 332, Digital South Asia Library website, Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref>

[[Faridia Islamic University]], a religious [[madrassa]] in [[Sahiwal]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan, is named after him,<ref>[http://www.jamiafaridia.org.pk/ Faridia Islamic University], Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref> and in July 1998, the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] Government in India established the [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]] at Faridkot, the city which itself was named after him.<ref>[http://www.babafariduniv.com/Introduction/Introduction.asp Introduction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705163718/http://www.babafariduniv.com/Introduction/Introduction.asp |date=5 July 2008 }} ''[[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]]'' Official website, Retrieved 1 November 2018</ref>

There are various explanations of why Baba Farid was given the title Shakar Ganj<ref>The original was probably the Persian ''Ganj-i Shakar'', with the same meaning.</ref> ('Treasure of Sugar'). One legend says his mother used to encourage the young Farīd to pray by placing sugar under his prayer mat. Once, when she forgot, the young Farīd found the sugar anyway, an experience that gave him more spiritual fervour and led to his being given the name.<ref name=har/>

==Shrine==
{{main|Shrine of Baba Farid}}
[[File:Darbar Hazrat Baba Farid ud Deen Ganj Shakar Rahmatullah Alaih - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Shrine of Baba Farid]] is one of Pakistan's most important [[Sufi]] shrines.]]

The small [[Shrine of Baba Farid]] is made of white marble with two doors, one facing east and called the Nūrī Darwāza or 'Gate of Light', and the second facing north called Bahishtī Darwāza, or 'Gate of Paradise'. There is also a long covered corridor. Inside the tomb are two white marbled graves. One is Baba Farid's, and the other is his elder son's. These graves are always covered by sheets of cloth called ''[[Chador|Chaddars]]''' (the green coloured chaddars are covered with Islamic verses), and flowers that are brought by visitors. The space inside the tomb is limited; not more than ten people can be inside at one time. Women are not allowed inside the tomb, but the late [[Benazir Bhutto]], then [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], was permitted to enter inside by the shrine guardians, when she visited the shrine. Another rare exceptional case was the late Hajjah Kainz Hussain of [[Jhelum]], wife of the late Haji Manzoor Hussain, who was allowed inside the tomb and was given a ''[[Chador|Chaddar]]'',.

Charity food called ''[[Langar (Sufism)|Langar]]'' is distributed all day to visitors here<ref name="name=Abdullah">name="Abdullah"</ref> and the Auqaf Department, which administers the shrine.<ref name="Tarin, p 30">Tarin, p 30</ref> The shrine is open all day and night for visitors. The shrine has its own huge electricity generator that is used whenever there is power cut or [[loadshedding]], so the shrine remains bright all night, all year round.<ref name="Tarin, p 30"/> There is no separation of male and female areas but a small female area is also available. There is a big new mosque in the shrine. Thousands of people daily visit the shrine for their wishes and unresolvable matters; for this they vow to give to some charity when their wishes or problems are resolved.<ref name="name=Abdullah"/><ref>Imperial Gazetteer 1900</ref> When their matters are solved they bring charity food for visitors and the poor, and drop money in big money boxes that are kept for this purpose.<ref name="name=Abdullah"/><ref>Imperial Gazetteer</ref> This money is collected by the Auqaf Department of the [[Government of Pakistan]] that looks after the shrine.

On 25 October 2010, a bomb exploded outside the gates of the shrine, killing six people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/24/pakistan.blast/?hpt=T2 |author=Reza Sayah |title=4 killed in blast at Pakistan shrine |publisher=CNN News website |date=25 October 2010|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69O06820101025 |author1=Kamran Haider |author2=Mian Khursheed |author3=Hasan Mahmood |title=Bomb kills six at Sufi shrine in eastern Pakistan |publisher=Reuters|date=25 October 2010|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>

==Baba Farid's Serai in Jerusalem==
In great old holy city of [[Jerusalem]], there is a place called ''[[Al-Hind]]i [[Caravanserai|Serai]]'' or ''Indian hospice''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/in-the-heart-of-jerusalem-s-old-city-is-a-little-india-open-to-all/story-DB2Ibe2gaH1jBqDeYMinzN.html|title=In the heart of Jerusalem’s Old City, is a 'little India' open to all|date=2019-05-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> (Indian lodge or shrine), where it is claimed Baba Farid lived for many years in the early 13th century, almost 800 years ago. Baba Farid walked into Jerusalem around the year 1200, little more than a decade after the armies of [[Saladin]] had forced the Crusaders out of Jerusalem. The place is now a pilgrim lodge for people of the Indian sub-continent. It is claimed that this building is currently cared for by the 94-year-old caretaker, Muhammad Munir Ansari, in 2014.<ref name=BBCnews>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30122030|title=Jerusalem's 800-year-old Indian hospice|last=Adamson|first=Daniel Silas|date=2014-11-23|work=BBC News website|access-date=1 November 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> "No one knows how long Baba Farid stayed in the city. But long after he had returned to the Punjab, where he eventually became head of the Chishti order, Indian Muslims passing through Jerusalem on their way to [[Mecca]] wanted to pray where he had prayed, to sleep where he had slept. Slowly, a shrine and pilgrim lodge, the Indian Hospice, formed around the memory of Baba Farid."<ref name=BBCnews/> "Later accounts of his life said that he spent his days sweeping the stone floors around al-Aqsa mosque, or fasting in the silence of a cave inside the city walls."<ref name=BBCnews/>

<gallery>
File:Indian hospice, Jerusalem (12).jpg|Portrait of Baba Farid at Indian hospice, Jerusalem.
File:Indian hospice, Jerusalem (18).jpg|Room where Baba Farid had performed [[Chilla-nashini|Chilla]] at Indian hospice, Jerusalem.
File:Indian hospice, Jerusalem (71).jpg|Outdoor plaque about Baba Farid at Indian hospice, Jerusalem
</gallery>

==Langar==
Fariduddin Ganjshakar first introduced the institution of the [[Langar (Sufism)|Langar]] in the [[Punjab]] region.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2l56GzQ7d0C&pg=PA45|title=Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 1 |page=45}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBQgAAAAMAAJ|title=Baba Sheikh Farid: His Life and Teaching|page=7|last1=Talib|first1=Gurbachan Singh|year=1973}}</ref> The institution greatly contributed to the social fabric of Punjabi society and allowed peoples of various faiths and backgrounds to attain free food and drink. The practice, introduced by Fariduddin Ganjshakar grew and is documented in the ''Jawahir al-Faridi'' compiled in 1623 CE.<ref>{{cite book|author=Barbara D Metcalf|title=Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5-vzVq8hdkC |year=1984|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04660-3|pages=336–339}}</ref> It was later, both the institution and term, adopted by Sikhs.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6fI7AQAAIAAJ|title=Transactions, Volume 4|publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study|author=R. Nivas|others=The word langar, and this institution has been borrowed, so to speak, from the Sufis. The khanqas of the Chisti and other Sufi saints had a langar open to the poor and the rich, though the Hindus mostly kept away from them. To make the Brahmin sit with the pariah and do away with untouch- ability, and to make the Hindus and Muslims eat from the same kitchen and destroy all social|page=190|year=1967}}</ref>

==Chillas==
* A [[Chilla-nashini|Chilla]] of Baba Farid is located in [[Dhirdan]] village of [[Lunkaransar]] [[tehsil]] in [[Bikaner district]], [[Rajasthan]], India.
* Poraha village in Amravati district of [[Maharashtra]], India.
* Girad a small town in [[Samudrapur]] constituency of [[Wardha district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India.
* Manegaon a small village situated in Tehsil [[Barghat]], District [[Seoni]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.
* Badchicholi, in Tehsil Pandhurna District Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh.
* [[Ajmer]] dargha sharif, [[Rajasthan]], India.
* Fountain Hillock, Sholashahar, [[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Sheikh Fariduddin Maswood Ganjeskar|author=Choudhury, Dewan Nurul Anwar Hussain}}</ref>
* The Shrine (mazar/mazār) is vast and spacious, located in the city of [[Pakpattan]], otherwise Pākpattan Sharīf, located in central Punjab province in [[Pakistan]].
A chilla is also found on the top of hill of Donphin nose hill of Visakhapatnam port of Visakhapatnam city in which it is believed that Hazarat Baba Fareed spent some time here, and there is a vast banyan tree in the premises which used to shed sugar in Baba's honour
<gallery>
File:Hazrath Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar Chilla.jpg|Entrance to the [[Chilla-nashini|Chilla]] place of Baba Farid in Girad.
File:Hazrath Baba Farid RA Chilla.jpg|Shrine where Baba Farid had performed [[Chilla-nashini|Chilla]].
</gallery>

==Death anniversary and Urs==
Every year, the saint's death anniversary or ''Urs'' is celebrated for six days in the first Islamic month of [[Muharram]], in [[Pakpattan]], Pakistan.<ref name="name=Abdullah"/> The ''Bahishtī Darwāza'' (Gate of Paradise) is opened only once a year, during the time of the ''[[Urs]]'' fair.<ref name="name=Abdullah"/> Hundreds of thousands of pilgrims and visitors from all over the country and the world come to pay homage. The door of the Bahishti Darwaza is made of silver, with floral designs inlaid in gold leaf.<ref name="name=Abdullah"/> This "Gate to Paradise" is padlocked all year, and only opened for five days from sunset to sunrise in the month of Muharram. Some followers believe that by crossing this door all of one's sins are washed away.<ref name="name=Abdullah"/><ref>Tarin, pp 15-16</ref> During the opening of the Gate of Paradise, extensive security arrangements are made to protect people from stampedes. In 2001, 27 people were crushed to death and 100 were injured in a stampede.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1254207.stm | work=BBC News website | title=Fatal stampede at Pakistan festival | date=1 April 2001 | access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>

==Mehfil-e-Sama (Qawwali live concerts)==
One of the significant features of the daily life of the shrine is [[Qawwali]]. It is performed all day at some part of the shrine, but at night it attracts a huge gathering. Every Thursday evening, there is a big Mehfil-e-Sama just outside the tomb, that lasts all night and attracts hundreds of people. Many famous and popular Qawwals (Qawwali singers) of the country participate in the Mehfil. Many listeners become so mesmerised that they start dancing a traditional religious dance called Dhamaal. The first Thursday evening of every lunar month attracts extra thousands of people, making the shrine jam packed.

==Honor in Sikhism==
[[File:Indian hospice, Jerusalem (21).jpg|thumb|The Gurudwara Godri Sahib Baba Farid at Faridkot, Punjab]]

Baba Farid, as he is commonly known, has his poetry included in the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'', the most sacred scripture of [[Sikhism]], which includes 123 (or 134) hymns composed by Farid. [[Guru Arjan Dev Ji]], the 5th guru of Sikhism, included these hymns himself in the ''[[Adi Granth]]'', the predecessor of the ''Guru Granth Sahib''.<ref name=south-asian/> There are 10 [[Sikh guru]]s, but also there are 15 [[Bhagat#Sikhism|Bhagat]]s in Sikhism. Baba Sheikh Farid is one of these equally revered 15 Bhagats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/guru-nanaks-550th-anniv-surge-of-interest-in-books-on-founder-of-sikhism/articleshow/71828295.cms|title=Surge of interest in books on founder of Sikhism |last=Khanna|first=Bharat|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>

==Commemorative postage stamp==
In 1989, on the 800th birth anniversary of Baba Farid, the [[Pakistan Post|Pakistan Post Office]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor.<ref>[http://paknetmag.blogspot.com/search/label/Stamps%20of%20Pakistan%20Year%27s%201989 Commemorative postage stamp issued by Pakistan Post Office on Baba Farid's 800th Birth Anniversary on paknetmag.com website] Retrieved 3 November 2018</ref>

==Places named after him==
* [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]]
* [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
* [[Sheikhsar]]

==See also==
* [[List of mausolea]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150630143906/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702053%26ct%3D167 Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar] ''[[Ain-e-Akbari]]'' by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazal]], English translation, by H. Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873–1907. [[Asiatic Society of Bengal|The Asiatic Society of Bengal]], [[Calcutta]]; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363.
* ''Pakpattan and Baba Farid Ganj-i-Shakar'', by Muhammad Abdullah Caghtai. Kitab Khana Nauras, 1968.
* ''Baba Sheikh Farid: Life and teachings'', by Gurbachan Singh Talib. Baba Farid Memorial Society, 1973.
* ''Baba Farid (Makers of Indian literature)'', by Balwant Singh Anand, [[Sahitya Akademi]], 1975.
* ''Baba Farid-ud-Din Masud Ganj-i-Shakar'', by Jafar Qasimi. Islamic Book Foundation. 1978.
* ''Sheikh Baba Farid aur unka Kavya'', by Jayabhagavan Goyal. 1998, Atmarama & Sons. {{ISBN|81-7043-081-X}}.
* ''Savanih hayat Baba Farid Ganj-i Shakar'', by Pir Ghulam Dastgir Nami. Madni Kutub Khanah.
* ''Baba Farid Ganjshakar'', by Shabbir Hasan Cishti Nizami. Asthana Book Depot.
* ''Love is his own power: The slokas of Baba Farid''. 1990, {{ISBN|81-7189-135-7}}.
* ''Hazrat Baba Farid-ud-Din Masood Ganj Shakar'', by Sheikh Parvaiz Amin Naqshbandy. Umar Publications, 1993.
* ''Baba Farid di dukh–chetana'', by Sarawan Singh Paradesi. 1996, Ravi Sahitya Prakashan, {{ISBN|81-7143-235-2}}.
* ''Hymns of Sheikh Farid'', by Brij Mohan Sagar. South Asia Books, 1999. {{ISBN|0-8364-5985-7}}.
* ''Sheikh Farid'', by [[Harbhajan Singh (poet)|Dr. Harbhajan Singh]]. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. {{ISBN|81-216-0255-6}}.
* ''Great Sufi Poets of the Punjab'' by R. M. Chopra, Iran Society, Kolkata, 1999.

==External links==
* {{citation| url=https://www.searchgurbani.com/guru-granth-sahib/author/baba-sheikh-farid |title=Sheikh Farid Hymns in Guru Granth Sahib }}
* [http://www.apnaorg.com/poetry/farid/fdfront.html Kalam e Baba Faird (text in shahmukhi- Baba Farid's poetry)]
* [http://www.apnaorg.com/poetry/faridg/ Kalam e Baba Farid (text in gurmukhi)]

{{South Asian Muslim Saints}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Maturidi}}
{{Writers of Guru Granth Sahib}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganjshakar, Fariduddin}}
[[Category:1170s births]]
[[Category:1266 deaths]]
[[Category:Chishtis]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Mystic poets]]
[[Category:People from Pakpattan]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]
[[Category:Sikh Bhagats]]
[[Category:Sufi mystics]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]

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Fariduddin Ganjshakar