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Former flag of East Bengal Pakistan

2022-08-14T18:38:14Z

172.70.91.63:

{{Infobox flag
|Name = East Pakistan province
|Article =
|Image = No flag.svg
|Nickname =
|Morenicks =
|Use =
|Symbol =
|Proportion = 1:2
|Adoption = 14 October 1955 – 16 December 1971
|Design = Traditional Pakistani Muslim League [[Star and crescent]] on Red disk, on a Dark Green Ensign
|Type = National
}}
The former '''Flag''' of '''East Bengal''' or '''East Pakistan flag''' was the flag of the former Province of [[East Bengal]] within a united then [[East Pakistan]]. The Bengali east provincial flag showed a [[Crescent and star]] within a [[Red#Color of sunset|Red disc]] on top of a dark green field, offset slightly left towards the hoist so that it appeared centred when the sub-national flag was flying in the erstwhile rogue lost former territory. The traditional crescent moon and star was to represent its association with a Federal Pakistan and its commitments to [[Islam]] and the wider ''Muslim Ummah'', the Red disc represented the '''Bloodshed''' and [[Partition of India|Partition]] they fought so hard for a Muslim Indian homeland during the dark days of misrule and occupation by foreign powers, and the new sun rising over [[Bengal]] as a new dawn for the celebration of the [[Independence Day of Pakistan|1947 Islamic Independence]], and also the Muslim blood of those who died for their [[Muslim League]] political agenda from the Hindus and the British imperial colonialism. The dark green field stood for the Muslims of the eastern sector land of the former [[province]] that united them briefly against the dominant hostile majority non-Muslim of volatile [[Republic of India]]. It has been since 1972 replaced by the separatist New current regime of an [[Flag of Bangladesh|Independentist aspirant Bangladesh Flag]].

==Separatist flag==
<gallery>
Image:Flag of Bangladesh (1971).svg|Rebel Bengali Nationalist flag (1971)
</gallery>

==Related pages==
* [[Flag of Pakistan]] (Federal)

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Asia-stub}}

[[Category:Government of Pakistan|East Pakistan]]
[[Category:Flags of country subdivisions|East Pakistan]]
[[Category:Former subdivisions of Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:1971 in Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Wars involving Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)| ]]

Ailurus fulgens

2022-08-10T23:40:19Z

172.70.91.63:

[[Image:Red Panda (24986761703).jpg|thumb|Red Panda.]]
The '''Red panda''' (''Ailurus fulgens''), also known as the '''Lesser panda''', is a small [[mammal]] native to the [[eastern Himalayas]] and [[southwestern China]]. is a [[mammal]]. It is the only species of the [[Ailuridae]] family. There are two subspecies: ''Ailurus fulgens fulgens'' and ''Ailurus fulgens styani''.

== Overview ==
Most that are [[Breed|bred]] at [[Japan]]ese [[zoo]]s are ''Ailurus fulgens styani''. They are called レッサーパンダ in Japan and 小熊貓 (xiǎo xìong māo ) in [[China]], both literally translating to English as "small bear cat". They have become [[Popularity|popular]] for how they look.<ref>[http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/red-panda/]</ref> The [[IUCN]] classes them as 'vulnerable'

The red panda is not closely related to the [[giant panda]]: they are in different families, but share a [[vegetarian]] diet. They have both [[adapted]] to eating plant material, which is unusual for members of the Carnivora.

A scientist by the name Brian Houghton Hodgson was one of the first people to look more deeply into the Red Panda because up until he did, there was not much known about the species. In addition to Bamboo, the Red Panda also eats fruits, tuberous roots, acorns, and beechmast. The Red Panda is not necessarily nocturnal but is classified as crepuscular which means they are active around dawn and sleep during the night and midday. Besides how they slept, Hodgson observed that they were monogamous and only breed once a year.

== Habitat ==
The red panda lives in the southern part of [[China]], [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]], and the [[Himalaya mountains]] in high trees. In the [[India]]n [[kingdom]] of Sikkim it is the [[List of national animals|national animal]]. As an [[endangered species]] it is protected by laws in the countries where it lives. 2 nearly complete skeletons have been found at the [[Gray Fossil Site]] in [[Gray, Tennessee]].

== Appearance and life ==
Red pandas are about 50-60 [[centimetre|centimeters]] long. They [[weight|weigh]] between three and five [[kilogram]]s. They have [[chestnut]] colored [[hair]], and their faces have white designs. They eat [[fruit]]s, [[root]]s, [[bamboo]] shoots, [[acorn]]s, and [[insect]]s. They are active at night and sleep on [[tree]]s in the daytime. They act alone, not in groups. They eat blossoms, berries, various plants, and bird eggs.

== References ==
{{commonscat|Ailurus fulgens}}Glatston, A. R. (2011). Red panda biology and conservation of the first panda (1st ed.). Academic Press.{{Reflist}}{{wikispecies|Ailurus fulgens}}

[[Category:Procyonids]]
[[Category:National symbols of Sikkim]]

Grey peacock-pheasant

2022-08-09T23:07:53Z

172.70.91.63:

{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{Merge|Polyplectron biclcaratum}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Polyplectron bicalcaratum -Birmingham Nature Centre, England-8a.jpg
| image_caption= At [[Birmingham Nature Centre]], England
| image2 =Grey Peacock-Pheasant - Polyplectron bicalcaratum bicalcaratum.ogg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22736199/0 |title=''Polyplectron bicalcaratum'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2013 |access-date=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| genus = Polyplectron
| species = bicalcaratum
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = [[#Systematics|See text]]
| synonyms =
''Pavo bicalcaratus'' Linnaeus, 1758<ref name = "BritMuseum">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fos-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA23 | title = List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum | location = London, UK | volume = 5 | first = George Robert | last = Gray | year = 1867 | publisher = [[British Museum]] | page = 23}}</ref> 
''Polyplectron chinquis'' Temminck, 1815<ref name = "BritMuseum"/>
}}
[[File:Eperonnier chinquis MHNT.jpg|thumb|''Polyplectron bicalcaratum'']]

The '''gray peacock-pheasant''' (''Polyplectron bicalcaratum''), also known as '''Burmese peacock-pheasant''', is a large [[Asia]]n member of the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Galliformes]]. It is the [[List of national birds|national bird]] of [[Myanmar]].

==Description==
It is a large [[pheasant]], up to 76 cm long and greyish brown with finely spotted green [[Eyespot (mimicry)|eyespot]]s, an elongated bushy crest, bare pink or yellow facial skin, white throat, and grey [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]], [[Beak|bill]] and legs. The sexes are rather similar, but the female is smaller, darker and less ornamented than the male. The young resemble the female.

==Distribution and ecology==
The grey peacock-pheasant is distributed in lowland and hill forests of [[Bangladesh]], [[Northeast India]] and [[Southeast Asia]], but excluding most of [[Indochina]] as well as the entire [[Malayan Peninsula]]. The diet consists mainly of seeds, termites, fruits and invertebrates. The female usually lays two eggs.

==Status and conservation==
Widespread throughout its large range, the grey peacock-pheasant is evaluated as a Species of [[Least Concern]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species. It is listed on [[CITES Appendix II]], restricting trade in wild-caught birds to preserve its stocks.<ref>BLI (2008)</ref>

==Systematics==
Three [[subspecies]] are recognized today as good, while an additional one is of unclear validity:
* ''P. b. bicalcaratum'' Linnaeus, 1758 – '''Common grey peacock-pheasant'''
* ''P. b. ghigii'' [[Jean Theodore Delacour|Delacour]] & Jabouille, 1924 – '''Ghigi's grey peacock-pheasant'''
* ''P. b. bailyi'' [[Percy Lowe|Lowe]], 1925 – '''Lowe's grey peacock-pheasant''' (disputed)
* ''P. b. bakeri'' Lowe, 1925 – '''Northern grey peacock-pheasant'''

One previous subspecies, the '''[[Hainan peacock-pheasant]]''' (''P. b. katsumatae''), has since been given approved species (AS) status by the [[International Ornithological Congress|IOC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-PS.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618055751/http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-PS.html |archive-date=2010-06-18 }}</ref>

Lowe's grey peacock-pheasant was described from a captive bird of unknown provenance.<ref>Lowe (1924)</ref> Similar examples have turned up on occasion, but the validity and – if distinct – home range of this [[taxon]] remains unknown. It was theorized to inhabit western [[Assam]] or the eastern [[Himalayas]], but this is based on conjecture.

The [[phylogeny]] of this species is fairly enigmatic. [[mtDNA]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] and [[D-loop]] as well as the [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] [[ovomucoid]] [[intron]] G [[DNA sequence|sequence]] data confirms that it belongs to a largely Continental Asian [[clade]] together with [[Germain's peacock-pheasant]] (''P. germaini''), but also the "brown" southern species [[bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant]] (''P. chalcurum'') and [[mountain peacock-pheasant]] (''P. inopinatum'').<ref name = kimballetal2001>Kimball ''et al.'' (2001)</ref>

The ovomucin sequence seems to have [[convergent evolution|evolved convergently]] or with a decreased [[mutation]]al rate on the grey and the bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant. Though they are quite similar on the molecular level, the distance and interspersed populations of their closest relatives argue against a much more recently shared common ancestry between them versus the other two "northern" peacock-pheasants. Also, the cytochrome ''b'' and D-loop data does not support a closer relationship between ''P. bicalcaratus'' and ''P. chalcurum''; overall, as it seems the four species' ancestors separated during a very short timespan.<ref name = kimballetal2001 />

Note however that in the absence of dedicated [[phylogeographic]] studies, the molecular data is only of limited value in this species, the most [[Morphology (biology)|morphologically]] diverse and widespread [[peacock-pheasant]]: There is no data on the origin and number of specimens, but it is unlikely that more than one or two individuals – possibly of captive origin and undeterminable [[subspecies|subspecific]] allocation – were sampled. All that can be reasonably assumed is that the grey peacock-pheasant [[evolution|evolved]] on mainland Southeast Asia, probably during the [[Late Pliocene]] to [[Early Pleistocene]] 3.6-1 [[million years ago]].<ref>Kimball ''et al.'' (2001); note that the uncalibrated [[molecular clock]] method used here is an outdated technique. The presumed 2% mutation rate is appropriate for small short-lived [[Neoaves]], but probably not for larger and more ancestral birds like [[Galliformes]].</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: ''Polyplectron'' spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours. ''[[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|Biol. J. Linn. Soc.]]'' '''73'''(2): 187–198. {{doi|10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01356.x}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080515223557/http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/polyplectron.pdf PDF fulltext]
* Lowe, Percy R. (1924): Some notes on the genus ''Polyplectron''. ''[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]'' '''67'''(2): 476–484. {{doi|10.1111/j.1474-919X.1925.tb02935.x}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Polyplectron bicalcaratum}}
* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=278&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]

{{Phasianidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q748957}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:peacock-pheasant, grey}}
[[Category:Polyplectron|grey peacock-pheasant]]
[[Category:Birds of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Birds of Bhutan]]
[[Category:Birds of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Birds of Northeast India]]
[[Category:Birds of Laos]]
[[Category:Birds of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Birds of Thailand]]
[[Category:Birds of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Birds of Yunnan]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1758|grey peacock-pheasant]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|grey peacock-pheasant]]

Black finless porpoise

2022-08-02T16:42:13Z

172.70.91.63:

[[Image:Yangtze finless porpoise, 10 November 2006.jpg|thumb|Finless porpoise]]
The '''Indian finless porpoise''' or the '''Black finless porpoise''' ''(Neophocaena phocaenoides phocaenoides)'', a [[finless porpoise]], is one of seven porpoise species. Throughout their range, these porpoises stay in shallow waters, up to 50 m (160 ft) deep. They live close to the shore, in waters with soft or sandy seabeds, or in estuaries and mangrove swamps, such the [[Indus River|Indus]] [[River delta]]. In [[Pakistan]] it is considered as the ''"National Oceanic Sea Creature of Pakistan"'', because of its common occurrences respectively.

{{biology-stub}}

[[Category:Mammals of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Cetaceans]]