Cambay State

2021-04-30T06:19:11Z

180.211.115.211:

{{short description|Princely state during the British Raj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = ખંભાત
|conventional_long_name =Cambay State
|common_name =Cambay
|nation = [[Mughal India]] <br> [[British Raj]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1730
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =Mughal Empire
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Cambayflag.png
|image_coat = Cambay State CoA.jpg
|image_map = Cambay State Kaira Agency of British India 1817-1937.svg
|image_map_caption = Cambay State in Kaira Agency
|motto = ''"Dar Babi Farhat"'' <br>(This is the Gate of Joy).
|stat_area1 =906
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 75,122
|footnotes = {{EB1911|wstitle=Cambay}}
}}

[[File:Cambay Gujarat 1896.jpg|thumb|Map of Cambay State]]
[[File:Cambaynavab.jpg|thumb|Mu´min Khan, Nawab of Cambay.]]
'''Cambay''', '''Kambay''' or '''Khambhat''', was a [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]].
The City of [[Khambat]] (Cambay) in present-day [[Gujarat]] was its capital. The state was bounded in the north by the [[Kaira district]] and in the south by the [[Gulf of Cambay]].

Cambay was the only state in the '''Kaira Agency''' of the Gujarat division of the [[Bombay Presidency]], which merged into the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]] in 1937.

==History==
Cambay was founded as a state in 1730 by the penultimate [[Nawab]] of the [[Mughal Empire]], Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I, the last of the Mughal governors of Gujarat, at the time of the dismemberment of Mughal rule in India. In 1742 Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I defeated his brother-in-law Nizam Khan, governor of Khambhat, and established himself in his place.

In 1780 Cambay was taken by the [[British Army]], led by General Goddard Richards, but it was restored to the [[Maratha]]s in 1783. Finally it was ceded to the British by the [[Peshwa]] after the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|Treaty of Bassein]] in 1803.<ref>Great Britain India Office. ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.</ref> Cambay became a [[British protectorate]] in 1817. The state was provided with a railway in 1901.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html#Kambay Princely States of India]</ref> Cambay's last ruler signed the accession to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 10{{nbsp}}June 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/cambay.html |title=Cambay State – Princely State (11 gun salute) |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717075222/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/cambay.html |archive-date=17 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Hub of mercantile activity ===
The traders and the merchants reached here from across the world. Cambay was known for its cotton and silk cloths. Cambay was one of India's most active [[trade]] center since the 14th century (Source: [[Ibn Battuta]]). After 200 years, [[Duarte Barbosa]] described Cambay as an important commercial center with [[Mughal carpets|carpets]], and other textile goods in Mughal established [[Mughal Karkhanas|industries]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Daniel|url=http://archive.org/details/FlowersUnderfootIndianCarpetsoftheMughalEra00|title=Flowers Underfoot: Indian Carpets of the Mughal Era|date=1997|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=5|language=English}}</ref>

===Rulers===
{{see also|List of Shia Muslim dynasties#India}}
The rulers of the state bore the title of '[[Nawab]]' and had the privilege of an 11-[[gun salute]].<ref>G. B. Malleson, ''An historical sketch of the native states of India.'' London 1875. Reprint Delhi 1984</ref>

====Nawabs====
*1730 – 1742 Mirza Jaffar Mumin Khan I, last Muslim Governor of Gujarat
*1742 – 1743 Nur-ud-din Muftakher Khan
*1743 – 1784 Najm ad-Dawla Ja`far Mu´min Khan II
*1784 – 1790 Mohammad Qoli Khan (d. 1790)
*1790 – 28 October 1823 Fath `Ali Khan (d. 1823)
*1823 – 15 March 1841 Banda `Ali Khan (d. 1841)
*1841 – Apr 1880 Husayn Yawar Khan I (d. 1880)
*11 Jun 1880 – 21 January 1915 Najib ad-Dawla Mumtaz al-Molk Ja`far `Ali Khan (b. 1848 – d. 1915)
*21 Jan 1915 – 1930 .... -Regent
*21 Jan 1915 – 15 Aug 1947/10 June 1948 Nizam ad-Dawla Najm ad-Dawla Mumtaz al-Molk Husayn Yawar Khan II (b. 1911 – d. ....)
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html#Kambay|title=Indian Princely States K-Z|last=Cahoon|first=Ben|website=www.worldstatesmen.org|access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rulers.org/indstat2.html|title=Indian states before 1947 K-W|website=www.rulers.org|access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref>

=== List of Nawabs of Cambay state ===
*Mirza JA'AFAR MU'MIN KHAN I 1730/1742, last Muslim Governor of Gujarat
*Nawab NURADDIN MUFTAKHAR KHAN 1742/1743
*Nawab JA'AFAR MU'MIN KHAN II 1743/1784
*Nawab MUHAMMED QULI KHAN 1784/1790, son of Najam Khan (poisoned 1748), married and had issue. He died 1790.
*Nawab FATH ALI KHAN (qv)
*Nawab FATH ALI KHAN 1790/1823, eldest of three sons, he received the title Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung, and the rank of a commander of six thousand as Nawab of Cambay.
*Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab BANDA ALI KHAN 1823/1841
*Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab HUSAIN YAWAR KHAN I 1841/1880
*Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab JA'AFAR ALI KHAN Bahadur 1880/1915, born 1848, succeeded 11 June 1880 (#1), married 1stly, 1876, Bibi Gauhar Khanum Saheb, married 2ndly, 1882, Bibi Khurshid Jahan Begum. He died 21 January 1915.
*HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza HUSAIN YAWAR KHAN II Bahadur 1915/- , born 16 May 1911, educated at Rajkumar College, Rajkot; married January 1936, Nawabzadi Safia Sultan Qizilbash, daughter of Nawab Sir Fateh Ali Khan Qizilbash of Lahore (see Nawabganj), and had issue.
*HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza MUHAMMED JA'AFAR ALI KHAN

==See also==
*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Princely State]]
*[[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20091009120131/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/c/cambay.html

==External links==
*{{commonscat inline}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency}}
{{coord|22.3|N|72.62|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:Anand district]]
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Bombay Presidency]]

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Cambay State