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Jalapahar

2021-06-17T09:57:14Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Giddapahar
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
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| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| established_title = 
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| population_total = 2,768
| population_as_of = 2011
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
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| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kurseong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurseong]]
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}


'''Jalapahar''' is a ridge as well as a locality in the hilly town of [[Darjeeling]] in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]]. There was a British military camp in this locality in the [[British Raj|Raj days]]. This ridge meets [[Katapahar]] ridge at [[Observatory Hill, Darjeeling|Observatory Hill]]. [[St Paul's School, Darjeeling|St. Paul's School]], one of the oldest public schools, is located here. Jalapahar gives a breath-taking view of Darjeeling town nestling under the majestic peak of [[Kangchenjunga|Kanchenjanga]].

The range on which Darjeeling is located is Y-shaped with the base resting at Katapahar and Jalapahar and two arms diverging north of Observatory Hill. The north-eastern arm dips suddenly and ends in the [[Lebong]] spur, while the north-western arm passes through North Point and ends in the valley near [[Tukver Tea Estate]].<ref>{{cite web
|last=Khawas
|first=Vimal
|year=2003
|url=http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/khawv03e.htm
|title=Urban Management in Darjeeling Himalaya: A Case Study of Darjeeling Municipality.
|publisher=The Mountain Forum
|accessdate=2007-07-02
|url-status=bot: unknown
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041020031749/http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/khawv03e.htm
|archivedate=2004-10-20
}} Now available in the [[Internet Archive]] in this (accessed on 2 July 2007)</ref>

A famous structure in Jalapahar is Bryanstone, built in 1848. It was the residence of two great Indologists, [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|J.D.Hooker]] and [[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Brian Hodgson]]. St. Paul's School was transferred to Darjeeling in 1864. It occupies, among other buildings, the old manor Bryanstone.<ref>Agarwala, A.P. (editor), ''Guide to Darjeeling Area'', 27th edition, p. 80, {{ISBN|81-87592-00-1}}.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.maplandia.com/india/west-bengal/darjiling/jalapahar/ Satellite map]

{{Darjeeling}}

{{coord|27|03|N|88|16|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Villages in Darjeeling district]]

{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}

Meghma

2021-06-17T09:12:46Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Meghma
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village

| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
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| motto =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
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| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.023511|88.083131|format=dms|display = inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =

| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date =

| area_footnotes =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 2600
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[[File:Meghma village on way to Sandakphu.png|right|thumb|Meghma village on way to [[Sandakphu]] ]]
'''Meghma''' (2600 m) is a small hamlet inside the [[Singalila National Park]] in the [[Darjeeling Sadar subdivision|Darjeeling subdivision]], Darjeeling district in the state of [[West Bengal]] in [[India]] near the [[India–Nepal border|India - Nepal border]], and lies on the [[Sandakphu]] trek.

==Tourism==
[[File:Meghma village.jpg|thumb|A trekker entering the Meghma village towards Sandaphu]]
Meghma as the name suggest is covered by clouds most of the time. The tourist or the guests entering Meghma is welcomed by the [[Buddhist monastery]] because the cloud is a magician here which conceals and reveals the monastery. Built in the early fifties, it is one of the prominent monasteries of the region because it treasures 108 forms of Buddha. These 108 Buddhas are believed to be encountered in ones journey from this world to the next world (Sukhawati Bhavan) depending on his Karma.

Meghma is the most cleanest village in this area and a suitable place to take a rest and probably the best place to take the first halt to prepare for a long Singalila Trek. It is situated about 3 hours of trekking from [[Manebhanjan]].

==Economy==
The main source of income is from agriculture and people here grow a number of vegetables namely Carrot, Turnip, Potato, Cabbage, Radish, Beet Root and Celery. Apart from this people produce cheese and butter from cow milk. They find Maneybhanjang as the nearest market to sell off their goods but, if they can sell it in Darjeeling they fetch more money.

There is a small tea factory in the village where tea is processed completely hand made. Factory processes tea from near tea estate which is one of the highest tea estates in the [[Himalayas]] and lies at 2400m above sea level.

It was also the ancestral place of Darjeeling politician, [[Madan Tamang]].<ref name=tt>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/25/stories/2010052555551600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629060949/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/25/stories/2010052555551600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Madan Tamang's body taken out in massive procession|date=25 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hills-mourn-tamang/395903/|title=Hills mourn Tamang|date=25 May 2010|work=Business Standard}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Meghma,+West+Bengal,+India&aq=0&oq=meghm&sll=27.024132,88.083057&sspn=0.006203,0.009699&vpsrc=0&t=h&g=27.023511,88.083131&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Meghma,+Darjeeling,+West+Bengal,+India&z=16&iwloc=Ahttp://wikimapia.org/2202842/Meghma Meghma] at Google Maps

[[Category:Villages in Darjeeling district]]

{{Darjeeling-geo-stub}}

Balason River

2021-06-12T15:38:24Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{one source|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Balason River
| name_native =
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
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| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
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| source1 = Jorepokhari, Sukhia
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'''Balasun''' is one of the main rivers of [[North Bengal]] and [[Darjeeling]] Districts.

== Geography ==
Balasun rises from the Jorepokhari, Sukhia (about 18 km from Darjeeling town) and flows towards the south east into the plains of North Bengal, where it joins the [[Mahananda River]]. The Balsun passes between the valley of [[Pokhriabong]], Dhotreia T. E, Cedars T.E, Nagari Fram T. E, Moonda Kotee T. E (8 km below Sonada Town), [[Balasun Tea Estate|Balasun T. E.]], Ambootia T. E.

Above the river Balasun ginger, cardamom, oranges and other regional crops are cultivated.

== History ==
The name Balasun is coined from Lepcha's word.

The river attracts local visitors to fish, camping and the visiting point called Intake(Cedars Tea Estate), near Pulbazar in Malat. From this Intake point of Balasun Water Supply project, water is pumped to Darjeeling Town.<ref name="NagKumar1997">{{cite book|author1=Prithvish Nag|author2=Virendra Kumar Kumar|author3=Jagadish Singh|title=Geography and Environment: Regional lissues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldeeRyxiG-8C&pg=PA68|year=1997|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-607-9|page=68}}</ref>

== Economy ==
The river's gravels and sands are of the best quality for construction. It has great significance for fertility of the soil in the region in Bungkulung, Dudhia, [[Panighatta]], [[Naxalbari|Nakxal]] etc.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Rivers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]
[[Category:Geography of Darjeeling district]]

{{Darjeeling-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Ambootia

2021-06-12T15:22:11Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Infobox settlement


| name = Ambootia
| official_name =
| other_name = Ambotay
| settlement_type = Tea estate village
| total_type = 
| motto = 
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal
| coordinates = {{coord|26.8766|N|88.2407|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[West Bengal]]}}|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| subdivision_name3 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kurseong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurseong]]
| subdivision_type5 = Administrative Body
| subdivision_name5 = [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 734203
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 0354
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ambootia''' or '''''Ambootay''''' is a [[Tea|tea estate]] village in the [[Kurseong (community development block)|Kurseong]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Kurseong subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]] in [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=370| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|26|57|0|N|88|20|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in the north-eastern portion of Darjeeling Sadar subdivision (including Rangli Rangliot CD block) and Kurseong subdivision in Darjeeling district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: hill centre, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate, TA: tourist attraction Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|27|1|20|N|88|21|21|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1= Rangli Rangliot| numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[Rangli Rangliot]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|27|2|10|N|88|22|0|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2=Takdah| numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[Takdah]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|27|3|30|N|88|23|12|E}}| label-pos3=right|label3=Peshok TG| numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Peshok Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|27|0|30|N|88|24|13|E}}| label-pos4=right|label4=Teesta Valley TG| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Teesta Valley Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|48|35|N|88|15|38|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5=Longview TG| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Longview Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|57|57|N|88|22|20|E}}| labelpos6=right| label6=Mangpu| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Mangpu]] (R)|
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|16|40|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Monteviot TG| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Monteviot Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|49|30|N|88|17|22|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Rohini TG| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Rohini Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|21|35|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Sukna| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sukna, Darjeeling]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|26|50|25|N|88|19|45|E}}| label-pos10=right|label10=Tindharia| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Tindharia]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|52|5|N|88|17|55|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Giddapahar| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Giddapahar]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|47|42|N|88|18|15|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Simulbari TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Simulbari Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|56|11|N|88|28|2|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Sittong| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Sittong]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|49|N|88|28|22|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Sevoke| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Sevoke]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|26|52|15|N|88|15|50|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Ambootia| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Ambootia]] (R) |shape-color15=black| label-size15=13|label-color15=black 
|mark-coord16={{coord|26|49|30|N|88|19|0|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Cart Road| numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Cart Road]] (CT) | shape-color16=#800000
|mark-coord17={{coord|26|53|30|N|88|17|30|E}}| label-pos17=left |label17=Kurseong| numbered17=M| mark-title17= [[Kurseong]] (M)| shape-color17=#800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|27|5|55|N|88|20|50|E}}| label-pos18=left|label18=Glenburn TE| numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Glenburn Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B
|mark-coord19={{coord|27|4|28|N|88|22|10|E}}| label-pos19=left|label19=Lopchu TE| numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Lopchu Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B
|mark-coord20={{coord|26|51|25|N|88|14|8|E}}| label-pos20=left|label20=Balasun TE| numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Balasun Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B
|mark-coord21={{coord|26|51|15|N|88|17|0|E}}| label-pos21=right|label21=Castleton TE| numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Castleton Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B
|mark-coord22={{coord|26|53|35|N|88|20|0|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22=Goomtee TE| numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Goomtee Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|54|35|N|88|20|20|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=Jungpana TE| numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[Jungpana Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B
|mark-coord24={{coord|26|50|30|N|88|16|20|E}}| label-pos24=left|label24=Makaibari TE| numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[Makaibari Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|55|30|N|88|17|50|E}}| label-pos25=right|label25=Margaret’s Hope TE| numbered25=TE| mark-title25= [[Margaret's Hope Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color25=#87A96B
|mark-coord26={{coord|26|52|25|N|88|26|20|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Mahananda |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22
|mark-coord27={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|31|0|E}}|label27=Teesta River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=45| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none
|mark-coord28={{coord|26|47|0|N|88|23|30|E}}|label28=Mahananda|labela28= River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|26|45|0|N|88|17|0|E}}|label29= Balason River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=35| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|27|9|0|N|88|11|50|E}}|arc-textA= SIKKIM| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-161| arc-gapA=-4| arc-radiusA=0.7
|arc-coordB={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|7|0|E}}|arc-textB= NEPAL| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=60| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4 }}
===Location===
Geo-location {{coord|26.8766|N|88.2407|E|}}.

Ambootia is situated below [[Kurseong]] in the foothills of the [[Himalayas|Himalayan Mountains]]. [[Nepali Language|Nepali]] is the main language spoken by the local population.

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows the eastern portion of the [[Darjeeling Himalayan hill region]] and a small portion of the terai region in its eastern and southern fringes, all of it in the Darjeeling district. In the [[Darjeeling Sadar subdivision]] 61.00% of the total population lives in the rural areas and 39.00% of the population lives in the urban areas. In the [[Kurseong subdivision]] 58.41% of the total population lives in the rural areas and 41.59% lives in the urban areas.<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/dist-prof.html | title = Darjeeling | work =District Profile - General Information | publisher = District administration |accessdate = 21 March 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> There are 78 tea gardens/ estates (the figure varies slightly according to different sources), in the district, producing and largely exporting [[Darjeeling tea]]. It engages a large proportion of the population directly/ indirectly.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.darjeeling.gov.in/darj-tea.html | title = Darjeeling Tea| publisher = District administration |accessdate = 21 March 2020}}</ref>Some tea gardens were identified in the 2011 census as [[census town]]s or villages.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 21 March 2020 }}</ref> Such places are marked in the map as CT (census town) or R (rural/ urban centre). Specific tea estate pages are marked TE.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

=== Ambootia landslide ===
In October 1968, a large landslide in the [[Darjeeling Himalayan hill region]] was triggered by high volumes of rainfall. The Ambootia landslide, as it was called, remained active until re-vegetation began to stabilise it in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.igipz.pan.pl/tl_files/igipz/ZGiHGiW/sgcb/sgcb_44/sgcb_44_06.pdf|title=Ambootia Landslide Valley — Evolution, Relaxation, and Prediction (Darjeeling Himalaya)|last=Leszek|first=Starkel (Kraków)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309042541/https://www.igipz.pan.pl/tl_files/igipz/ZGiHGiW/sgcb/sgcb_44/sgcb_44_06.pdf|archive-date=2018-03-09|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ambootia had a total population of 4,811 of which 2,344 (49%) were males and 2,467 (51%) were females. There were 370 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Ambootia was 3,512 (73.00% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 3 March 2020 }}</ref>

== Tea ==
Ambootia, is one of the most well known tea estates in Darjeeling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.londontea.co.uk/tag/ambootia/|title=ambootia Archives - The London Tea Company|website=The London Tea Company|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309042541/https://www.londontea.co.uk/tag/ambootia/|archivedate=2018-03-09|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref> It was amongst the first tea estates established by the [[Tea in the United Kingdom|British tea planters]] in the 1850s and is the second largest Darjeeling Tea producer in India.<ref name="Ghosal 2018">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/darjeelings-ambootia-group-buys-bush-tea/articleshow/4875198.cms|title=Darjeeling's Ambootia Group buys Bush Tea|last=Ghosal|first=Sutanuka|date=2009-08-10|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-03-09|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310015001/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/darjeelings-ambootia-group-buys-bush-tea/articleshow/4875198.cms|archivedate=2018-03-10}}</ref> The '''Darjeeling Tea Company of England''' established Ambootia Tea Garden in 1861 and was taken over by Indian entrepreneurs in 1954 after India attained independence in 1947. When the Bansal Tea Group took over the garden in 1987, it had already been declared a sick unit.

“It has developed into a well-integrated, self sustaining, ecologically balanced and economically viable tea garden in the recent years.”<ref name="ambootia">{{cite web | url = https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/162904/14/14_chapter%207.pdf | title =Chapter VII Case Studies | work= pages 184-187: Ambootia Tea Estate| publisher = Shodhganga |accessdate = 5 March 2020}}</ref>

Ambootia Group now has 15 tea estates within its portfolio of which 12 estates are in [[Darjeeling]] and two each in [[Assam]] and [[Dooars]].<ref name="Ghosal 2018" /> "Over the past 12 years, Ambootia – or the Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Ltd – has acquired 12 of the 87 Darjeeling plantations and has become internationally renowned for its high-quality teas".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.coop/122974/sector/tea-estates-revitalised-mountains-darjeeling|title=The tea estates being revitalised in the mountains of Darjeeling - Co-operative News|date=2017-11-02|work=Co-operative News|access-date=2018-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309042541/https://www.thenews.coop/122974/sector/tea-estates-revitalised-mountains-darjeeling|archivedate=2018-03-09|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Ambootia Tea Garden has a total area of {{convert|790.64|ha|abbr=on}}, tea is cultivated in {{convert|350.48|ha|abbr=on}}. The garden has a fully operational and well maintained tea factory.<ref name="ambootia" /> In 1992, it transitioned to 100% certified organic and bio-dynamic production and in 1994, Ambootia was Fair Trade certified.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.darjeelingteaboutique.com/ambootia-tea-estate|title=Ambootia Tea Estate - Darjeeling Tea Garden|access-date=2018-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507103723/http://www.darjeelingteaboutique.com/ambootia-tea-estate/|archivedate=2017-05-07|url-status=live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mariagefreres.com/UK////2-ambootia-ftgfop1-darjeeling-organic-summer-flush-T1120.html|title=Ambootia Darjeeling summer flush Organic|website=www.mariagefreres.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216110324/http://www.mariagefreres.com/UK/2-ambootia-ftgfop1-darjeeling-organic-summer-flush-T1120.html|archivedate=2016-12-16|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref>

It employs around 800 workers (both permanent and casual) and 84 staff. “Wheat, rice and kerosene are provided to the labourers at subsidised rates. Coal or firewood, slippers and umbrella are given to the workers annually.” The garden provides quarters to workers and staff. There are 4 creches for looking after the children of female employees. Four primary schools are run by the Gorkha Hill council and 3 by the West Bengal government. There is a garden hospital with 8 beds and a visiting doctor. Workers and their families are entitled to free treatment at the garden hospital.<ref name="ambootia" />

===DOTEPL group===
The gardens of the Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Ltd. are: Ambootia, [[Chongtong Tea Garden|Changtong]], [[Happy Valley Tea Estate|Happy Valley]], [[Monteviot Tea Garden|Monteviot]], Moondakotee, Mullootar, [[Mangarjung Tea Garden (Nagri)|Nagri]], Noorbong, Sepoydhurah (Chamling), Sivitar, [[Rongmook Ceder Tea Garden|Rangmook Ceder]], Rangaroon, Pandam and Aloobari.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dotepl.com/ | title = The Finest Organic Teas| work= Our Evergrowing Family | publisher = Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Ltd. |accessdate = 1 February 2020}}</ref>

== Transport ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Service
!Name
!Location
!Distance
|-
| rowspan="2" |Railway Station
|[[Siliguri Junction railway station|Siliguri Junction]]
|[[Siliguri]]
|37 km
|-
|[[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri Junction]] (NJP)
|New Jalpaiguri
|42 km
|-
|Airport
|[[Bagdogra Airport]]
|[[Bagdogra]]
|42 km
|-
|Bus Terminal
|[[Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminus|Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminas]]
|Siliguri
|37 km
|}

== Notable persons ==
[[Hira Devi Waiba]]

[[Navneet Aditya Waiba]]

Satya Aditya Waiba

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Darjeeling District}}

[[Category:Villages in Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Economy of Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Tea estates in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tea brands]]
[[Category:Tea companies of India]]

Birpur

2021-06-12T14:13:38Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}
:''for the village in [[Nepal]] see [[Birpur, Nepal]]''
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Birpur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.53|N|86.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Supaul|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Supaul]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 54
| population_total = 17730
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 854340
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Birpur''' is a city and a notified area in [[Supaul district]] in the state of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It is a small town on the [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal border]] near the historic [[Koshi Barrage]] on the [[Koshi River]]. It has an airstrip, which is being modernised and later on will be utilized for commercial as well defence use. It had been made when first prime minister of India [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] had landed here to lay the foundation stone of [[Koshi Barrage]]. There has been a new helipad constructed next to the airstrip for multi purpose use.

The population of Birpur is mixed. The city mostly consists of colonies made for employees and officers of Koshi project. Its Koshi High School was once most sought after school in entire Koshi region. There is also a middle school up to standard eighth viz. Koshi Middle School. There is also a Koshi Club here, adjacent to the school campus. It is a center for sports and cultural activities.

There is also a government college named Lalit Naryan Mishra Smarak Mahavidyalay on the name of [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]], who was railway minister of India from 1973 to 1975 and who died in 1975 in a bomb blast at Samastipur. His birthplace, Balua, is 13 kilometer towards the south from Birpur.

Neighbouring areas are Basantpur, [[Bhimnagar, Supaul|Bhimnagar]], Kataiya Power House, which is a hydro power plant, Hriday Nagar, Bhavani Pur. Nearest railway head from Birpur is [[Raghopur]] in the south and [[Forbesganj]] and [[Jogbani railway station|Jogbani]] in the east. There is direct train from Jogbani to [[Kolkata]] and [[Delhi]]. Jogbani is well connected from Birpur. One can easily reach Jogbani via autor or buses which are available at Gol Chowk and bus stand. The train to Delhi is called [[Seemanchal Express]]. The train to Kolkata is [[Kolkata - Jogbani Express|Jogbani Kolkata Express]].

Birpur is well-connected to nearby areas through regular bus services. Direct bus services are available towards Sharsha, Purnea, Delhi, [[Patna]] & [[Darbhanga]].
[[File:Ram janki mandir, birpur.jpg|left|thumb|Ram Janki Temple]]

[[Lalit Narayan Mishra]] used to live in Birpur.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

==Demographics==
Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2974 which is 14.92% of total population of Birpur (NP). In Birpur Nagar Panchayat, Female Sex Ratio is of 864 against state average of 918. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Birpur is around 973 compared to Bihar state average of 935. Literacy rate of Birpur city is 79.91% higher than state average of 61.80%. In Birpur, Male literacy is around 86.67% while female literacy rate is 71.92%. as per census 2011.

[[File:Koshi.jpg|thumb|Koshi Barrage]]

== Medical facility ==
There is one Sub divisional hospital under the administrative control of Bihar Govt. Earlier this hospital was under the administrative control of Koshi Project. Local people had started a movement in 2015 to convert it into a sub- divisional hospital for better facilities and in early 2016 got success. Notable doctors- Dr. Avinash sinha Dr. V.k gupta Dr.v.k singh Dr.pushpa pathak Dr. Mayank ranjan Dr.M dubey Dr. A. K. Jha and Dr. Kaushal Kishore. There is also one Physiotherapy Clinic equipped with modern equipments and machines, established by Dr. Manas Jha and inaugurated by local MLA Mr. Niraj Kr Singh on 15 July 2013.

== Places of interest ==

=== Koshi barrage ===
It is around 10 km from Gol Chowk, Birpur. It is a flood control sluice across the Koshi river in Mithila region of Nepal. It has 56 gates which controls the flow of water. It is a famous picnic spot for local residents. [[Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve]] is roughly 3 miles from barrage.
Anyone can easily reach there by regular auto from Gol chowk, Birpur

=== Indo-Nepal border ===
Birpur is situated near Bhantabari close to Indo-Nepal border.

==Air Transport==
[[Rajbiraj Airport]] (out of india) is the nearest airport roughly 27 KM away in the nearest Nepalese town of [[Rajbiraj]]. [[Shree Airlines]] operates daily flights between [[Rajbiraj]] and [[Kathmandu]]<ref>[https://www.aviationnepal.com/rajbiraj-airport-to-resume-its-flight-services-from-may-8-as-shree-airline-prepares-for-flight-operation/]</ref>

In India, the nearest airports are [[Bagdogra Airport]], close to 205 km. [[Patna International airport]] is close to 300Km from here. The newly proposed [[Darbhanga Airport]] is in operation by December 2019.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Supaul district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Supaul district]]

Kosal Kranti Dal

2021-06-10T12:17:45Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
'''Kosal Kranti Dal''' (KKD) is a regional political outfit of [[Odisha]] with particular focus on [[western Odisha]] which is known for its separatist movement for a separate Koshal state as per article 2 & 3 of [[Indian Constitution]]. KKD is mainly focusing on the creation of a separate Kosal state by the bifurcation of Odisha.The KKD was formed in the year 2007 with veteran Koshalbadi leader and potential advocate [[Pramod Mishra]] became its first president. Later on Bunde Dharua of Jharsuguda became the president. Now KKD central office is located at Jharsuguda and Narayana Mohapatra is the president.

==History==
As reported by various news agencies KKD was floated in Odisha in 2007.<ref>[http://news.oneindia.in/2007/11/28/regional-party-kosal-kranti-floated-in-orissa-1196361747.html Regional party Kosal Kranti floated in Orissa]</ref> The Party secretary Mr. Baidyanath Mishra said that KKD had been recognized by the Election Commission. Since 2007 it is fighting assembly and lok sabha elections. Mishara announced that "the party would fight for a separate state comprising ten districts of western Odisha and [[Athmallik]] sub-division of Angul district as he alleged that the area remained ''neglected'' by successive governments during the past 60 years."

As of 2013, it is quite active conducting strikes in the proposed 10 Western Odisha districts, which is widely being supported by the local public. It has intensified its demand in the wake of Telangana being granted statehood.

==Main demands==
* Separate Kosal state comprising Western Odisha districts and [[Athmallik]] subdivision.<ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/72109-kosal-dal-could-be-political-alternative-in-w-odisha.html ‘Kosal Dal could be political alternative in W Odisha’]</ref>
* Recognition of [[Kosli language]] and culture.<ref>[Recognise Kosli language for the development of Western Orissa http://orissadiary.com/sambalpur/ShowDistrictNews.asp?id=32244]</ref>
* Development of Western Odisha with regards to [[education]], [[agriculture]], [[infrastructure]] and health services.
* Recognition of history of Kosal.
* Demand for second State reorganisation panel.<ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/79334-kkd-seminar-demands-2nd-state-reorganisation-panel.html KKD seminar demands 2nd State reorganisation panel]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kosal state movement]]
* [[Kosli language movement]]
* [[Kosalananda Kavya]]
* [[Prem Ram Dubey]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://archive.today/20130130171251/http://www.odishaeye.com/kosal-kranti-dal-will-hold-a-national-seminar-on-smaller-states-on-july-8-at-sambalpur/ Kosal Kranti Dal will hold a national seminar on smaller states on July 8 at Sambalpur]
*[http://kddfonline.com/category/demand-of-koshal-state/ Demand of Kosal state]
*[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/54356-kosal-kranti-dal-observes-utkal-divas-as-black-day.html Kosal Kranti Dal observes Utkal Divas as ‘black day’ ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091227181617/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/orissas-turn-thousands-stage-rally-for-kosal-state/107620-3.html Many stage rally for a separate Kosal state]
*[http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan042004/sl5.asp Cry for Kosal state]

{{Indian political parties}}
{{Orissa}}

[[Category:State political parties in Odisha]]
[[Category:Regionalist parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Orissa]]

Batasia Loop

2021-06-09T03:13:23Z

182.93.71.248:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}

{{Infobox settlement


|official_name = Batasia Loop
|other_name =
|native_name = बतासे लुप
|nickname =
|settlement_type = [[neighbourhood]]
|motto =

|image_skyline =
|image_caption = View of Koteshwor
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map =
|mapsize = 250
|map_caption = Area of Koteshwor, Kathmandu
|pushpin_map = India West Bengal
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize = 0
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Local government area|Area]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Darjeeling]]

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|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_blank1_title = Ethnicities

|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5:30
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|27.0167|N|88.2471|E|region:IN-WB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =

|postal_code_type = 
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}} [[File:Batasia Loop War Memorial with Kanchanjunga.jpg|thumb|Batasia Loop War Memorial with Kanchanjunga.]]
The '''Batasia Loop''' is a [[Spiral (railway)|spiral railway]] created to lower the gradient of ascent of the [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] in [[Darjeeling district]] of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. At this point, the track spirals around over itself through a tunnel and over a hilltop. It was commissioned in 1919.<ref>{{cite web|title=Batasia Loop Darjeeling|url=http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_000017.htm|accessdate=4 June 2013}}</ref>

==Location==
It is 5 km from Darjeeling, below [[Ghum, West Bengal|Ghum]]. There is also a memorial to the [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha]] soldiers of the [[Indian Army]] who sacrificed their lives after the [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947.<ref>[http://darjeeling.gov.in/darj-tour.html War memorial] Darjeeling Official website</ref>
{{wide image|Batasia Loop of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.jpg|900px|Batasia Loop, Darjeeling Himalayan Railway}}

==See also==
*[[Chowrasta (Darjeeling)|Chowrasta]]
*[[Balloon loop]]
* [[History of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]]
* [[Zig zag (railway)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Batasia Loop}}
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Batasia-Loop-33211.htm About Batasia Loop]
*[https://northbengaltourism.com/batasia-loop-darjeeling/ Batasia Loop Travel Information] North Bengal Tourism

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Mountain railways in India]]
[[Category:1919 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1919 in rail transport]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Railway loop lines]]
[[Category:Transport in Darjeeling]]