Cambodia

2022-04-16T03:57:02Z

190.238.62.83:

{{Infobox country
|native_name = [[File:Cambodia5-trans.png]] ''{{lang|km|Preăh Reăcheănachâk Kâmpŭcheă}}''
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Cambodia
|common_name = Cambodia
|image_flag = Flag of Cambodia.svg
|image_coat = Royal Arms of Cambodia.svg
|symbol_type = Royal Seal
|image_map = Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg}}
|national_motto = [[File:CambodiaMotto.svg|160px]] ''Nation'', ''Religion'', ''King''
|national_anthem = <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - Nokoreach.ogg]]</center> ''[[Nokor Reach]]'' ''Majestic Kingdom''
|official_languages = [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
|recognized_languages = [[French language|French]]
|languages_type = [[Official script]]
|languages = Khmer script
|languages2_type = Inter-ethnic languages
|languages2 = [[English language|English]]
|demonym = [[Khmer people|Khmer]] or Cambodian
|ethnic_groups = 90.0% '''[[Khmer people|Khmer]]''' 5.0% [[Vietnamese Cambodian|Vietnamese]] 1.0% [[Chinese Cambodian|Chinese]] 4.0% other
|capital = [[Phnom Penh]]
|coordinates = {{coord|11|33|N|104|55|E}}
|largest_city = capital
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[parliamentary democracy]] and [[Constitutional monarchy]]
|leader_title1 = [[King of Cambodia|King]]
|leader_name1 = [[Norodom Sihamoni]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cambodia|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Hun Sen]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pen Sovann, Cambodia's First Prime Minister After Khmer Rouge, Dies at 80|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/31/world/asia/pen-sovann-cambodias-first-prime-minister-after-khmer-rouge-dies-at-80.html?_r=0|work=New York Times|accessdate=10 December 2016|date=October 13, 2016}}</ref> ([[Cambodian People's Party|CPP]])
|leader_title3 = [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Cambodia|Senate President]]
|leader_name3 = [[Say Chhum]]
|leader_title4 = [[National Assembly of Cambodia|President of National Assembly]]
|leader_name4 = [[Heng Samrin]]
|legislature = [[Parliament of Cambodia|Parliament]]
|upper_house = [[Senate of Cambodia|Senate]]
|lower_house = [[National Assembly of Cambodia|National Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History of Cambodia|Formation]]
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = [[Kingdom of Funan|Funan Kingdom]]
|established_date1 = 68
|established_event2 = [[Chenla|Chenla Kingdom]]
|established_date2 = 550
|established_event3 = [[Khmer Empire]]
|established_date3 = 802
|established_event4 = [[French colonial empire|French Colonization]]
|established_date4 = 1863
|established_event5 = Independence from France
|established_date5 = November 9, 1953
|established_event6 = [[Modern Cambodia|Monarchy Restored]]
|established_date6 = September 24, 1993
|area_rank = 88th
|area_magnitude =
|area_km2 = 181,035
|area_sq_mi = 69,898 
|percent_water = 2.5
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_census = {{increase}}15,288,489<ref name="census2019">{{cite web|url=http://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Provisional%20Population%20Census%202019_English_FINAL.pdf/|title=General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019|publisher=[[Ministry of Planning (Cambodia)|Ministry of Planning]]|work=National Institute of Statistics|date=3 March 2019|accessdate=12 August 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113151101/http://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Provisional%20Population%20Census%202019_English_FINAL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_census_rank = 72nd
|population_census_year = 2019
|population_density_km2 = 81.8
|population_density_sq_mi = 211.8 
|population_density_rank = 96th
|GDP_PPP = $76.635 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=45&pr1.y=11&c=522&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Cambodia |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,645<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $26.628 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,614<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini = 36.0
|Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/income-gini-coefficient |title=Income Gini coefficient |publisher=World Bank |website=hdr.undp.org |accessdate=29 January 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610232357/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Gini_year = 2013
|HDI_year = 2018
|HDI = 0.581
|HDI_change = increase
|HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2019|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=2019|accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref>
|HDI_rank = 146th
|currency = [[Cambodian riel|Riel]]
|currency_code = KHR
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = +7
|drives_on = right
|cctld = [[.kh]]
|calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cambodia|+855]]
|footnote1 = The US Dollar is often used
}}

'''Cambodia''' or '''Kampuchea''' (officially called '''Kingdom of Cambodia''') is a [[country]] in Southeast Asia. It is near [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], and [[Thailand]]. About 13 [[million]] people live in Cambodia. The people of Cambodia are called ''Cambodians'' or ''Kampuchea''. [[Khmer language|Khmer]] is the official [[language]]. The country has recently emerged from a long civil war and the rule of the [[Khmer Rouge]]. It is part of [[ASEAN]], Association of South East Asian Nations.

== History ==
The ancestors of Cambodia had an empire called Angkor centered in the northwest of present-day Cambodia. The Angkor civilization is the world's largest pre-industrial civilization. One of the buildings from Angkor is a [[Hindu]]/[[Buddhist]] temple called [[Angkor Wat]] which is the world's largest religious structure. This empire was later destroyed due to ecological and environmental problems as well as failing infrastructure. [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] came to the country in the 13th century via monks from Sri Lanka. Since then, Buddhism has been the official religion.

== Geography ==
Cambodia is set entirely in the [[tropic zone]]. The [[Mekong River]] runs through the middle of the country and is the most important source of water in the country. The country is the size of [[Missouri]].

== Sports ==
In Cambodia, people play many sports. Some sports that are enjoyed that come from the West include [[golf]], [[Rugby football|rugby]] and [[soccer]]. Traditional Cambodian sports are buffalo racing, dragon boat racing and [[bokator]] Khmer martial art also known as [[pradal serey]]. Cambodia attended its first [[Olympic Games]] in 1956 and participated in two more before warfare and civil strife interrupted its attendance. The country returned to regular participation with the 1996 Summer Games. Cambodia managed fourth in [[soccer]] in the 1972 Southeast Asian games.
Cambodia hosted the GANEFO games in the 1960s.

== Culture ==
The culture of Cambodia has been influenced by [[Hinduism]]. Today most people in Cambodia practice Buddhism. A lot of their customs revolve around Buddhism.

The food of Cambodia includes tropical [[fruit]]s, [[rice]], [[noodle]]s and various [[soup]]s. Cambodians like to eat a rice noodle soup called 'kah-tieu' in the morning. Cambodians are famous for a type of 'kah-tieu' called 'kah-tieu Phnom Penh' which has [[shrimp]], [[beef]] balls, fried garlic, pork broth and chicken. Cambodians also eat a red curry noodle soup with rice vermicelle noodles. [[Curry]] is also eaten with rice or French bread in Cambodia. Cambodian food is similar to [[Vietnam]]ese and [[Southern Thai food]].

Cambodia also has a mystical [[tattoo]] called a yantra tattoo that is popular with soldiers. A yantra tattoo has ancient Khmer and Pali (An ancient Indian language) writing. A yantra tattoo is usually done by a religious person or monk. The tattoo artist guarantees that the person cannot receive any physical harm as long as they follow certain conditions. A person is supposed to not talk to anyone for three days and three nights. Another alternative is to follow the five Buddhist percepts. Movie star actress [[Angelina Jolie]] is known to have a yantra tattoo.

Cambodians celebrate the Cambodian New Year in April. It is based on Theravada Buddhism. The date depends on astrological signs but are usually are on April 13-15 or April 14-16.

==Pol Pot's Suicide==

==Death==
On the evening of April 15, 1998, just 2 days before anniversary of Khmer Rouge's takeover of Cambodia, on April 17, 1975, Pol Pot died of a possible [[heart attack]], in the woods, never admitting that he did anything wrong to Cambodian people. However, many believe he [[Suicide|killed himself]] with poison to avoid [[trial]] as he was about to be handed to trial for war crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://natethayer.typepad.com/blog/2011/10/pol-pot-is-the-deadone-llying-down-nate-thayer-is-the-live-one-standing.html|title=Pol Pot is the Dead One Lying Down: Nate Thayer is the Live One Standing|website=Nate Thayer}}</ref> On his death face, there were signs of suffering, with his one eye open. The pupil clearly showed sign of poisoning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/pol-pot-suicide-to-avoid-us-trial-1075283.html|title=Pol Pot 'suicide' to avoid US trial|date=22 October 2011|website=The Independent|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501053637/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/pol-pot-suicide-to-avoid-us-trial-1075283.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pol Pot was cremated without any ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1734&dat=19980417&id=JecbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vVIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3805,4163527|title=The Dispatch - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref>
===Flag===
The Cambodian flag includes a three-towered temple called Angkor Wat. It is the most famous monument in the country. Many tourists visit the temple. The Cambodian flag has three horizontal bands. There are two blue bands on the top and the bottom. There is a red band that is twice the height of each blue band. The red band represents the nation. The temple represents the structure of the universe.<ref>National Flag of Cambodia. Retrieved from http://www.worldflags101.com/c/cambodia-flag.aspx on the 16 September 2010</ref>

==Provinces==
{{see also|List of cities in Cambodia}}
Cambodia is divided into 25 [[province]]s including the capital. The provinces are divided into 159 districts and 26 municipalities. The districts and municipalities are then divided into communes and quarters.

[[File:KhmerProvinces2.png|250px|left|alt=map of provinces]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="padding:0; text-align:left;"
|-
! style="width: 135px;" |Name
! Capital (seat)
! Population (2019)<ref name="nis">{{cite web|url=https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Provisional%20Population%20Census%202019_English_FINAL.pdf|title=General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019: Provisional Population Totals|publisher=[[Ministry of Planning (Cambodia)|Ministry of Planning]]|work=National Institute of Statistics|date=June 2019|accessdate=12 August 2019}}</ref>
! Area (km2)<ref name="census2019" />
! Population density
! ISO
|-
| [[Banteay Meanchey Province|Banteay Meanchey]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Serei Saophoan Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 859,545
| style="text-align: right;" | 6,679
| style="text-align: right;" | 129
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-1
|-
| [[Battambang Province|Battambang]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Battambang Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 987,400
| style="text-align: right;" | 11,702
| style="text-align: right;" | 84
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-2
|-
| [[Kampong Cham Province|Kampong Cham]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Kampong Cham Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 895,763
| style="text-align: right;" | 4,549
| style="text-align: right;" | 197
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-3
|-
| [[Kampong Chhnang Province|Kampong Chhnang]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Kampong Chhnang Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 525,932
| style="text-align: right;" | 5,521
| style="text-align: right;" | 95
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-4
|-
| [[Kampong Speu Province|Kampong Speu]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Chbar Mon Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 872,219
| style="text-align: right;" | 7,017
| style="text-align: right;" | 124
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-5
|-
| [[Kampong Thom Province|Kampong Thom]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Stueng Saen Municipality|Steung Saen Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 677,260
| style="text-align: right;" | 13,814
| style="text-align: right;" | 49
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-6
|-
| [[Kampot Province|Kampot]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Kampot Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 592,845
| style="text-align: right;" | 4,873
| style="text-align: right;" | 122
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-7
|-
| [[Kandal Province|Kandal]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Ta Khmau Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 1,195,547
| style="text-align: right;" | 3,179
| style="text-align: right;" | 376
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-8
|-
| [[Koh Kong Province|Koh Kong]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Khemarak Phoumin Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 123,618
| style="text-align: right;" | 10,090
| style="text-align: right;" | 12
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-9
|-
| [[Kratié Province|Kratié]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Kratié Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 327,825
| style="text-align: right;" | 11,094
| style="text-align: right;" | 34
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-10
|-
| [[Mondulkiri Province|Mondulkiri]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Senmonorom Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 88,649
| style="text-align: right;" | 14,288
| style="text-align: right;" | 6
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-11
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Doun Penh Section]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 2,129,371
| style="text-align: right;" | 679
| style="text-align: right;" | 3,136
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-12
|-
| [[Preah Vihear Province|Preah Vihear]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Tbaeng Meanchey District|Tbaeng Meanchey Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 251,352
| style="text-align: right;" | 13,788
| style="text-align: right;" | 18
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-13
|-
| [[Prey Veng Province|Prey Veng]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Prey Veng Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 1,057,428
| style="text-align: right;" | 4,883
| style="text-align: right;" | 217
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-14
|-
| [[Pursat Province|Pursat]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Pursat Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 411,759
| style="text-align: right;" | 12,692
| style="text-align: right;" | 32
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-15
|-
| [[Ratanakiri Province|Ratanak Kiri]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Banlung Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 204,027
| style="text-align: right;" | 10,782
| style="text-align: right;" | 19
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-16
|-
| [[Siem Reap Province|Siem Reap]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Siem Reap Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 1,006,512
| style="text-align: right;" | 10,299
| style="text-align: right;" | 98
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-17
|-
| [[Preah Sihanouk Province|Preah Sihanouk]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Sihanoukville Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 302,887
| style="text-align: right;" | 1,938
| style="text-align: right;" | 156
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-18
|-
| [[Stung Treng Province|Stung Treng]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Stung Treng Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 159,565
| style="text-align: right;" | 11,092
| style="text-align: right;" | 14
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-19
|-
| [[Svay Rieng Province|Svay Rieng]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Svay Rieng Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 524,554
| style="text-align: right;" | 2,966
| style="text-align: right;" | 177
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-20
|-
| [[Takéo Province|Takéo]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Doun Kaev Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 899,485
| style="text-align: right;" | 3,563
| style="text-align: right;" | 252
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-21
|-
| [[Oddar Meanchey Province|Oddar Meanchey]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Samraong Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 261,252
| style="text-align: right;" | 6,158
| style="text-align: right;" | 42
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-22
|-
| [[Kep Province|Kep]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Kep Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 41,798
| style="text-align: right;" | 336
| style="text-align: right;" | 124
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-23
|-
| [[Pailin Province|Pailin]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Pailin Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 71,600
| style="text-align: right;" | 803
| style="text-align: right;" | 89
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-24
|-
| [[Tboung Khmum Province|Tboung Khmum]]
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Suong Municipality]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 775,296
| style="text-align: right;" | 5,250
| style="text-align: right;" | 148
| style="text-align: center;" | KH-25
|}

== Transportation ==
People in Cambodia use many different types of transportation. Transportation in Cambodia include: [[boat]], [[car]], [[motorcycle]], [[elephant]], [[train]] and [[airplane]].

== Economy ==
[[File:Royal.Place.Phnom.Penh.Palais.Royal.Cambodge.001.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Royal Palace]]
The Cambodian economy has been growing rapidly in recent years. Cambodia is set to build its first [[skyscraper]], Gold Tower 42. Cambodia is also building a satellite city next to [[Phnom Penh]] which is called Camko City. Camko City is being constructed by Korean companies to modernize Phnom Penh so as to make it appealing to foreign investors and businesses. Cambodia is also one of the most corrupted nations in the world and has been pressured by international communities to fix it.

== Foreign relations ==
Cambodia has foreign relations with most nations. It is part of [[ASEAN]]. Cambodia has border issues with [[Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]] over lost territories. Cambodia is one of a few nations with good relations with both [[Korea]]s. [[South Korea]]n president Lee Myung Bak was an economic advisor to Cambodian prime minister Hun Sen and former Cambodian King Norodom Sihanouk was a good friend with former [[North Korea]]n leader Kim Il-sung.

== Ethnic groups ==
The Khmer (Cambodians) account for the vast majority of the population. Ethnic minorities include Chinese, Vietnamese, [[Muslim]] Cham-Malays, Laotians, and various native peoples of the rural highlands.

== Land ==
Although much of Cambodia is heavily forested, the central lowland region is covered with [[rice]] paddies, fields of dry crops such as corn (maize) and tobacco, tracts of tall grass and reeds, and thinly wooded areas. Savanna grassland occur in the plains, with the grasses reaching a height of 5 feet (1.5 metres). In the eastern highlands the high plateaus are covered with grasses and deciduous forests. Broad-leaved evergreen forests grow in the mountainous areas to the north, with trees 100 feet (30 metres) high emerging from thick undergrowths of vines, rattans, palms, bamboos, and assorted woody and herbaceous ground plants. In the southwestern highlands, open forests of pines are found at the higher elevations, while the rain-drenched seaward slopes are blanketed with virgin rainforests growing to heights of 150 feet (45 metres) or more. Vegetation along the coastal strip ranges from evergreen forests to nearly impenetrable mangroves.

==See also==
* [[Cambodia at the Olympics]]
* [[Cambodia national football team]]
* [[List of rivers of Cambodia]]

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Cambodia|voy=Cambodia}}
* [http://annamap.com/cambodia/ Map of Cambodia with new provinces]
* [https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100726/ap_on_re_as/as_cambodia_genocide_tribunal Ta Chen's mentor Duch found guilty of crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide, first khmer rouge trial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803152921/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100726/ap_on_re_as/as_cambodia_genocide_tribunal |date=2010-08-03 }}
* [http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/29/wus.cambodia.rivers/index.html khmer rouge war crimes trials, cruel interrogator war criminal Ta Chen still free]
* [http://www.webcrawler.com/clickserver/_iceUrlFlag=1?rawURL=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.taragana.com%2Fn%2F30-years-on-spotlight-on-cambodias-killing-fields-once-more-43395%2F&0=&1=0&4=67.63.50.255&5=64.24.45.151&9=1d2448e6717c41f9ad0e508e62f5c901&10=1&11=info.wbcrwl&13=search&14=239138&15=main-title&17=3&18=2&19=0&20=0&21=3&22=xrsLC6CCKTg%3D&40=EJh0uiJPJmA%3D&_IceUrl=true khmer rouge overdue trials, ta chen still wanted man]

{{Asia}}
{{ASEAN}}

[[Category:Cambodia| ]]
[[Category:Current monarchies]]
[[Category:Least developed countries]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in Asia]]

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Cambodia