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Mahesh actor

2023-08-02T23:53:27Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
'''{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}'''
{{Infobox person
| name = Mahesh
| image = https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TfOqtMKOljDea0By3VD7PCdltgEAoZob/view?usp=sharing
| nationality = Indian
| birth_place = Tanzania
| occupation = [[actor/ Director]]
| spouse = Hema
| children = Malavika Nair, Meghna Nair
| parents = {{ubl|P K Padmanabhan Nair (father)|P Padmakumari amma (mother)}}
| years_active = 1984–present
}}

'''Mahesh''' is an Indian actor in [[Malayalam]] films and television serials.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/profiles.php?i=2175 | title=Mahesh }}</ref> He came into the movie industry as a hero and later started doing negative roles and supporting roles.

==Career==
He started his career as an assistant director for the director [[J. Sasikumar]] in the early 1980s. Then he worked as an associate director for 16 Malayalam movies with different leading directors. Later he turned to the acting career. He first acted in the movie ''[[Mudra (1989 film)|Mudra]]'', directed by [[Sibi Malayil]] in 1989 at the age of 23. He went on to act in classic movies like ''[[Mrugaya (1989 film)|Mrugaya]]'', ''[[Sadayam]]'' ''[[Vyooham]]'', etc.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thiranottam|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yOcl8KQ8Ng|publisher=ACV Channel|access-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> He took a break in the late 1999s and went to [[United States]] and settled there. He made a comeback in 2006 and directed a Malayalam movie in 2008; ''[[Calendar (2009 film)|Calendar]]'', with [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Zarina Wahab]] and [[Navya Nair]] in the lead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/mahesh-into-direction-malayalam-news-42285|title = Mahesh into direction - Malayalam News|date = 14 October 2008}}</ref> He did story, screenplay and dialogue for the Malayalam movie ''[[Ashwaroodan]]''. Currently he is active in direction for Malayalam films.

==Personal life==
He was born to P. K. Padmanabhan Nair and Padmakumari in Tanzania, though he originally hails from Trivandrum. His father was working for the British government in Tanganyika, then he moved back to India in the early 1970s. They settled down in Alleppey near to Udaya Studio, which attracted him to the film industry. He had his primary education from St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Pulinkunnoo and graduation in Bcom from S.D.([[Sanatana Dharma College]]), [[Alappuzha]]. His father died when he was eleven years old.<ref>http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/289719?page=0,0 {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref>

He is married to Hema. They have two daughters, Malavika and Meghna. He currently resides at Tripunithura. His elder daughter Malavika married Ajay Nair, a senior sub-editor for Sky news, on September 2021. They are settled in UK.<ref>{{cite web|title=വീടിനു സിനിമസ്റ്റൈല്‍ വേണ്ട :അനുഭവം|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=17583635&tabId=20&BV_ID=@@@|publisher=manoramaonline.com|access-date=19 September 2014}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===As an actor===

====Malayalam====

{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
# ''[[Mrugaya (1989 film)|Mrugaya]]'' (1989) as Thomaskutty
# ''[[Mudra (1989 film)|Mudra]]'' (1989) as Babu
# ''[[The News (1989 film)|News]]'' (1989) as Roy Jacob
# ''Shilpi'' (1989)
# ''Purappadu'' (1990)
# ''[[Commander]]'' (1990)
# ''[[Vyooham]]'' (1990) as Kishore
# ''[[Marupuram]]'' (1990) as Binoy's friend
# ''[[Ponnaranjaanam]]'' (1990) as Vinod
# ''[[Vembanaad]]'' (1990)
# ''[[Parallel College (film)|Parallel College]]'' (1991) as Ashok
# ''[[Cheppukilukkana Changathi]]'' (1991)
# ''[[Kuttapathram]]'' (1991) as Mahesh
# ''[[Priyapetta Kukku]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Sadayam]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Chevaliyar Michael]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Soorya Chakram]]'' (1992)
# ''Neelakkurukkan'' (1992)
# ''Kaazhchaykkappuram'' (1992)
# ''[[Kakkatholaayiram]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Kasargod Kharder Bhai]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Uppukandam Brothers]]'' (1993)
# ''Padhavi'' (1993)
# ''[[Aacharyan]]'' (1993) as Jeevan Kumar
# ''[[City Police]]'' (1993) as Jayan
# ''[[Kambolam]]'' (1994)
# ''[[Ponthan Mada]]'' (1994)
# ''[[Sudhinam]]'' (1994) as School Manager
# ''[[Simhavaalan Menon]]'' (1994)
# ''Dollar'' (1994)
# ''[[Sukham Sukhakaram]]'' (1994)
# ''[[Njaan Kodeeshwaran]]'' (1994)
# ''Mimics Action 500'' (1994)
# ''[[Special Squad (film)|Special Squad]]'' (1995) as Martin
# ''Kidilol Kidilam'' (1995)
# ''[[Thirumanassu]]'' (1995)
# ''[[Minnaminuginum Minnukettu]]'' (1995)
# ''[[Tom & Jerry (1996 film)|Tom & Jerry]]'' (1995)
# ''[[Man of the Match]]'' (1996)
# ''Mimics Super 1000'' (1996)
# ''Sulthan Hyderali'' (1996)
# ''KL-7-95- Eranakulam North'' (1996)
# ''[[Kalyana Unnikal]]'' (1997) as Krishnanunni
# ''Moonukodiyum Munnurupavanum'' (1997)
# ''Poothumbiyum Poovalanmarum'' (1997)
# ''Irattakuttikalude Achan'' (1997)
# ''[[Oral Mathram]]'' (1997)
# ''[[Achamakuttiyude Achayan]]'' (1998)
# ''[[Gloria Fernandes From U.S.A.]]'' (1998)
# ''[[Auto Brothers]]'' (1999)
# ''[[Soothradharan]]'' (2001)
# ''[[Chakkara Muthu]]'' (2006)
# ''[[Malabar Wedding]]'' (2008)
# ''[[Best Friends (2008 film)|Best Friends]]'' (2008)
# ''Twenty:20'' (2008) Video Archive
# ''Calendar'' (2009)
# ''[[Puthumukhangal]]'' (2010)
# ''[[Sakudumbam Shyamala]]'' (2010)
# ''Again Kasarkode Khaderbhai'' (2010) video archive
# ''Uppukandam Brothers Back in Action'' (2011) video archive
# ''[[Last Bench]]'' (2012)
# ''[[Masters (film)|Masters]]'' (2012)
# ''101 weddings'' (2012)
# ''[[Face2Face (2012 Malayalam film)|Face2Face]]'' (2012)
# ''[[Second Innings]]'' (2012)
# ''[[White Paper]]'' (2012)
# ''Maanthrikan'' (2012)
# ''[[Lokpal (film)|Lokpal]]'' (2013)
# ''Omega.exe'' (2013)
# ''[[Geethaanjali]]'' (2013)
# ''[[The Dolphins (film)|The Dolphins]]'' (2014)
# ''Marubhoomiyile Aana'' (2016)
# ''Ore Mukham'' (2016)
# ''[[Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan]]'' (2016)
# ''[[Honey Bee 2]]'' (2017)
# ''[[Lakshyam (2017 film)|Lakshyam]]'' (2017)
# ''Kala Viplavom Rashtreeyam'' (2017)
# ''Honey Bee 2.5'' (2017)
# ''Angarajiyathile Ginmanmmaar'' (2017)
# ''Ayaal Jeevichirippundu'' (2017)
# ''Vallikudilile Vellakkaran'' (2018)
# ''Theater'' (2018)
# ''Wonder Boys'' (2018)
# ''Vikadakumaaran'' (2018)
# Janathipan (2019)
# Orma (2019)
# Janaathipan (2019)
# Oru Yemandan Premakatha (2019)
# Kottayam (2019)
# Ellom (2020)
# Upacharapoorvam Gunda Jayan (2022)
# Eesho (2022)
# Sheela (2022)
# Autorickshawkarante Bharya (2022)

{{div col end}}

====Tamil====
* ''Mohamul'' (1989)
* ''Ippadikku Kaadhil'' (1993)
* ''Reengaara Oosai'' (2016)
* ''Aruppukotti'' (2018) as Arjun
* ''Arram Aruvu'' (2022)

====Hindi====
* ''Jaal'' (1986)
* ''Galat Sambandh'' (1991)
* ''Shauqeen Haseena'' (1992)

====Telugu====
*''[[RX 100 (film)|RX 100]]'' (2018)
======KANNADA====
Sheela (2023)

===Story===
*''[[Ashwaroodan]]'' (2007)
*''[[Calendar (2009 film)|Calendar]]'' (2009)

===Direction===
*''Street Of Harmony'' (documentary) (2004)
*''[[Calendar (2009 film)|Calendar]]'' (2009)
*''Paarkathonnume Unmayalli'' (2011)
*''Reengaara Oosai'' (Tamil) (2016)

===Dialogue===
*''[[Ashwaroodan]]'' (2007)

===Screenplay===
* ''[[Ashwaroodan]]'' (2007)
* ''Reengaara Oosai'' (2016)

==Television==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Serial !! Channel !!Notes
|-
|1988||''Nezhelyoudham''||[[DD Malayalam]]||Serial debut
|-
|2007||''Pavithra Jailelannu'' ||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||Return to serials
|-
|2007||''[[Swami Ayyappan (TV series)|Swami Ayyappan]]''||Asianet||
|-
|2008||''Mounanombaram''||[[Kairali TV]]||
|-
|2008-2011||''[[Paarijatham (2008 TV series)|Paarijatham]]'' ||Asianet||
|-
|2009||''Vigraham''||Asianet||
|-
|2010||''[[Rahasyam (2010 film)|Rahasyam]]'' ||Asianet||
|-
|2012||''Kadhyile Raajakumari'' ||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|2012||''Agniputhri'' ||Asianet||
|-
|2012||''Achante Makkal'' ||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2012||''Snehakoodu'' ||Surya TV||
|-
|2014||''Amma Manasam'' ||Surya TV||
|-
|2014||''Ganga''||DD Malayalam||
|-
|2014||''Ithalukal'' ||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2014-2015||''[[Balaganapathy]]''||Asianet||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet television award 2015 for best Character actor (Special Jury)]]
|-
|2015||''Arayikkal Bivi''||Sakhi TV||
|-
|2015||''Junior Chanakyan''||Flowers TV||
|-
|2015||''[[Sthreedhanam]]''||Asianet||
|-
|2015||''My.Marumakan''||Surya TV||
|-
|2015||''[[Kalyanasougandhikam (TV series)|Kalyanasougandhikam]]''||Asianet||
|-
|2016||''Jagratha''||Amrita TV||
|-
|2016-2017||''Sathyam Shivam Sundaram''||Amrita TV||
|-
|2017||''Ennu Swantham Jani''||Surya TV||
|-
|2017-2018||''[[Mamangam (TV series)|Mamankam]]''||Flowers TV||
|-
|2017-2018||''Parishudhan''||Flowers TV||
|-
|2018–2019||''[[Bhagyajathakam (TV series)|Bhagyajathakam]]''||Mazhavil Manorama||
|-
|2019–2020||''[[Pournami Thinkal]]''||Asianet||
|-
|2019-2020||''[[Bhadra (2019 TV series)|Bhadra]]''||Surya TV||
|-
|2020 ||''Koodathayi''||Flowers TV||
|-
|2021–2022||''Priyankari''||Flowers TV
|
|-
|2021–Present||''[[Kana Kanmani (2021 TV Series)|KaanaKanmani]]||Surya TV||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/mahesh-malayalam-actor.html

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1643472}}
*[http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Mahesh&limit=20 Mahesh at MSI]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahesh}}
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]

Bahadur Singh Bohra

2022-06-01T06:18:34Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox military person
| allegiance = {{Flag|India}}
| awards = [[File:Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|30px]] [[Ashoka Chakra Award|Ashoka Chakra]]
| spouse = Shanti Bohra
| birth_place = [[Pithoragarh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| branch = {{Army|India}}
| image_size =
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|2008|09|25}}
| death_place = Lawanz, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[India]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Havildar]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|AC]]
| image =
| name = Bahadur Singh Bohra
| rank = [[File:Indian Army Havildar.gif|25px]] [[Havildar]]
| serviceyears = ?-2008
| servicenumber = 13621503
| unit = [[Parachute Regiment (India)|10th Parachute Regiment]]
}}

[[Havildar]] '''Bahadur Singh Bohra''', [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|AC]] was a [[Non-commissioned officer|Non Commissioned Officer]] (NCO) the 10th Battalion, [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]] who was a posthumous recipient<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/profile-havildar-bahadur-singh-bohra_501814.html "Profile: Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra"]</ref> of [[Ashok Chakra Award|Ashok Chakra]], India's highest peacetime gallantry award.

==Ashok Chakra Citation==
[[File:Smt. Shanti Devi receiving Ashoka Chakra awarded to her husband Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra (Posthumous) from the President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil, during the 60th Republic Day Parade-2009, in New Delhi.jpg|right|thumb| Bohra's widow, Smt Shanti Devi receives the Ashok Chakra from president Pratibha Patil on 26 January 2009.]]
The Ashok Chakra citation for Bahadur Singh Bohra reads -

''Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra (10th Battalion The Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) - posthumous): Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra was the squad commander of an assault team deployed for a search operation in general area Lawanz of Jammu and Kashmir.''

''On 25th September 2008, at 6.15 pm, he observed a group of terrorists and moved quickly to intercept them. In the process, he came under heavy hostile fire. Undaunted, he charged at the terrorists and killed one of them. However, he suffered severe gun shot wounds. Refusing evacuation, he continued with the assault and killed two more terrorists at extremely close range.''

''Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra, thus, displayed most conspicuous bravery and made the supreme sacrifice for the nation in fighting the terrorists.''<ref>[http://twocircles.net/node/131183 "Ashok Chakra 2009 citations"]</ref>

==Personal life==
He was born in a [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]] [[Rajput]] family in a remote village Rawalkhet, in the [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]] district of [[Uttarakhand]] and was the youngest among 4 children, with 2 elder sisters and an elder brother. He is survived by his wife Shanti and 2 daughters, Mansi and Sakshi.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130815092945/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Martyr-s-widow-turned-away-from-Rashtrapati-Bhavan/Article1-371624.aspx "Martyr’s widow turned away from Rashtrapati Bhavan"]</ref><references group="References" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ashoka Chakra award recipients}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bohra, Bahadur Singh}}
[[Category:Indian Army personnel]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)]]
[[Category:Ashoka Chakra]]

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship

2022-05-12T03:34:39Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Distinguish|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
| current_awards =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| awarded_for =
| presenter = [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]
| country = [[India]]
| reward =
| location =
| year = 1970
| year2 =
| website = {{url|http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org|keralasahityaakademi.org}}
}}
'''Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship''' is an honour of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] (Kerala Literary Academy), given to writers of [[Malayalam literature]] by inducting them as the distinguished members of the Akademi.<ref name="Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Fellows/Html/HonoraryList.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship |date=2019-03-31 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331092627/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Fellows/Html/HonoraryList.htm |archive-date=31 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%"
! scope="col" style="width:40%" | Name
! scope="col" style="width:10%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | Image
|-
| [[K. P. Kesava Menon]] || 1970 ||
|-
| [[G. Sankara Kurup]] || 1970 || [[File:G.shankarakurup.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Puthezhath Raman Menon]] || 1971 ||
|-
| [[Joseph Mundasseri]] || 1973 ||
|-
| Mathew M. Kuzhiveli || 1973 ||
|-
| [[V. T. Bhattathiripad]] || 1976 || [[File:Vt-bhattathiri.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Sooranad Kunjan Pillai]] || 1976 || [[File:Sooranad Kunjan Pillai.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[N. Krishna Pillai]] || 1979 || [[File:NKrishnaPillai.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[N. Balamani Amma]] || 1979 || [[File:Balamaniamma.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[V. Unnikrishnan Nair]] || 1981 ||
|-
| [[P. Kesavadev]] || 1981 || [[File:Kesavadev.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Vailoppilli Sreedhara Menon]] || 1981 || [[File:Vyloppilli.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] || 1981 || [[File:Basheer.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Lalithambika Antharjanam]] || 1981 ||
|-
| [[R. E. Asher]] || 1983 ||
|-
| [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]] || 1985 || [[File:Thakazhi 1.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[N. V. Krishna Warrier]] || 1985 ||
|-
| [[Kainikkara Kumara Pillai]] || 1986 ||
|-
| [[T. M. Chummar]] || 1986 ||
|-
| [[K. M. George (writer)|K. M. George]] || 1989 ||
|-
| [[Ponkunnam Varkey]] || 1989 ||
|-
| [[M. P. Appan]] || 1989 || [[File:M.P. Appan.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[C. N. Ahmad Moulavi]] || 1989 ||
|-
| [[Sukumar Azhikode]] || 1991 || [[File:Sukumar azhikode1.JPG|80px]]
|-
| [[M. P. Sankunni Nair]] || 1994 ||
|-
| [[K. Surendran (writer)|K. Surendran]] || 1995 || [[File:KS-12.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[S. Gupthan Nair]] || 1996 ||
|-
| [[V. K. N.]] || 1997 ||
|-
| [[Kovilan]] || 1997 || [[File:Kovilan.jpeg|80px]]
|-
| [[P. Bhaskaran]] || 1998 || [[File:Bust of P. Bhaskaran in Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[O. N. V. Kurup]] || 1999 || [[File:Onv.JPG|80px]]
|-
| [[M. Leelavathy]] || 1999 || [[File:Dr m leelavathy.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Thikkodiyan]] || 2000 ||
|-
| [[O. V. Vijayan]] || 2001 || [[File:O. V. Vijayan.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Kamala Surayya]] || 2002 || [[File:Kamala das.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Ayyappa Paniker]] || 2003 || [[File:Ayyapapanicker323.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Sugathakumari]] || 2004 || [[File:Sugathakumari.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[K. Satchidanandan]] || 2010 || [[File:Sachidanandan.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[C. Radhakrishnan]] || 2010 || [[File:Cradhakrishnan1.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Yusuf Ali Kecheri]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[N. S. Madhavan]] || 2013 || [[File:എന്‍.എസ് മാധവന്‍.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[M. Thomas Mathew]] || 2014 || [[File:Prof Thomas Mathew W.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]] || 2014 || [[File:Kavalam.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sara Joseph]] || 2015 || [[File:Sara Joseph - Malayalam Writer and Activist.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[U. A. Khader]] || 2015 || [[File:U a khader.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[Attoor Ravi Varma]] || 2017 || [[File:ആറ്റൂർ രവിവർമ്മ.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[K. N. Panikkar]] || 2017 || [[File:K N Panikkar-2.jpg|80px]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Sahitya-Akademi-award-for-Meeras-Aarachar/articleshow/45583043.cms|title=Sahitya Akademi award for Meera's 'Aarachar'|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 December 2014|access-date=23 December 2014}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/sahitya-akademi-awards-announced/article8299741.ece|title=Sahitya Akademi awards announced|newspaper=The Hindu|date=1 March 2016|access-date=14 April 2016}}
* {{cite press release |author= |title=2015 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/08-08-2016/Award2015.pdf |location=[[Trichur]] |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=28 March 2017 |access-date=12 April 2018}}
* {{cite press release |author= |title=2016 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/07-01-2018/Award_2016_new.pdf |location=[[Trichur]] |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=21 February 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2019/01/23/kerala-sahitya-akademi-award-nireeswaran-best-novel.html |title=കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡുകൾ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു; വി.ജെ.ജയിംസിന്റെ 'നിരീശ്വരൻ' മികച്ച നോവൽ |date=2019-01-23 |website=ManoramaOnline |access-date=2019-01-23}}

{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
[[Category:Awards established in 1970]]
[[Category:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards]]
[[Category:Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary awards]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Kerala]]

A. T. Kovoor

2021-08-27T07:19:11Z

208.64.12.4:

{{short description|Sri Lankan rationalist and professor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abraham Thomas Kovoor
| image = Abraham_Kovoor.jpg
| image_size = 210px
| caption = Dr. Abraham Thomas Kovoor
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|4|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvalla]], [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|9|18|1898|4|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| occupation =
| spouse =
| family = [[Iype Thoma Kathanar]] (Father)
}}

'''Abraham Thomas Kovoor''' (10 April 1898 – 18 September 1978) was an Indian professor and [[rationalist]] who gained prominence after retirement for his campaign to expose as [[fraud]]s various Indian and Sri Lankan [[Godman (Hindu ascetic)|"god-men"]] and so-called [[paranormal]] phenomena. His direct, trenchant criticism of [[Spirituality|spiritual]] frauds and organized religions was enthusiastically received by audiences, initiating a new dynamism in the Rationalist movement, especially in Sri Lanka and India.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.uni-giessen.de/~gk1415/kovoor.htm| title=Dr Abraham T. Kovoor: The Rationalist of Indian Subcontinent| publisher=[[Die Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen]] |date=1998-01-30 | accessdate =2007-03-07 }}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Abraham Kovoor was born in a [[Saint Thomas Christian]] family at [[Thiruvalla]], [[Kerala]]. Kovoor was the son of Rev. & Mrs. Kovoor [[Iype Thoma Kathanar]] (Kovoor Achen), Vicar General of the [[Mar Thoma Church|Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar]].<ref name="reporter_live_kovoor_PK">{{Cite news|url=http://www.reporterlive.com/2014/12/25/149554.html|title=പി കെ = ആമിര്‍ ഖാനില്‍ നിന്ന് കോവൂരിലേക്കുള്ള ദൂരം {{!}} Reporter Live|date=2014-12-25|work=REPORTER - Malayalam News Channel - Breaking News, Latest News, Kerala, India, World, Politics, Movies, Entertainment, Sports, Business, Pravasi, Environment|access-date=2018-01-28|language=en-US}}</ref>
He was educated at [[Bangabasi College]], [[Calcutta]]. After working briefly as a lecturer in botany at C.M.S.College in Kerala, Kovoor arrived in Ceylon in February 1928. Before his arrival in Ceylon, Kovoor married Kunjamma, daughter of a judge. The couple had a son, Aries. Kovoor's first assignment in Ceylon was teaching botany at Jaffna College, Vaddukoddai for 15 years until 1943. Subsequently, he also taught at Richmond College, Galle, and St. Thomas College, Mount Lavinia from 1947 to 1953, before retiring in 1959 as a teacher at [[Thurstan College]], [[Colombo]]. He also practiced [[hypnotherapy]] and [[applied psychology]].

==As a rationalist==
{{Criticism of Christianity sidebar}}
After retirement Kovoor devoted his life to the rationalist movement. He spent most of his time building up the [[Ceylon Rationalist Association]], and was its president from 1960 to his death. He edited an annual journal, ''The Ceylon Rationalist Ambassador''. Kovoor became a widower when his wife Konjamma died in 1976. In his will, he wrote as follows: "My body should not be buried on my death. The body of my wife also should not be buried. We have dedicated our bodies to the use of medical colleges on our death. I desire that my skeleton should be surrendered to Thurston College, Colombo, which I served for many years. I entrust this task to my son, Aries Kovoor, who is a professor at the Sorbonne University, Paris. My eyes should be donated to an eye bank immediately after death." Kovoor died on 18 September 1978 due to cancer.

==Publications and Kovoor's challenge==
{{main|Abraham Kovoor's challenge}}

After his numerous encounters with god-men, astrologers, and other people who claimed to have psychic powers, Kovoor concluded that there was no objective truth to such claims. He wrote, "Nobody has and nobody ever had supernatural powers. They exist only in the pages of scriptures and sensation-mongering newspapers." His books ''Begone Godmen'' and ''Gods, Demons and Spirits'', about his encounters with people claiming psychic powers, are still bestsellers in India.

In 1963, Kovoor announced an award of Rs. 100,000 for anyone who could demonstrate supernatural or miraculous powers under foolproof and fraud-proof conditions. The challenge listed 23 miracles or feats that godmen (and Western mystics and performers such as [[Uri Geller]] and [[Jeane Dixon]]) claimed to perform, such as reading the serial numbers from currency in sealed envelopes, materializing objects, predicting future events, converting liquids from one kind to another, and walking on water. Some sought publicity by taking on his challenge, but they forfeited the initial deposit amount. The Sri Lankan Rationalist Association, led by Professor [[Carlo Fonseka]], renewed the challenge in 2012 and increased the reward to one million dollars. (Similar challenges have been posed by [[Basava Premanand]] and [[James Randi]].)

==Legacy==
The [[Malayalam]] movie ''[[Punarjanmam]]'' (1972), [[Tamil language|Tamil]] movie ''[[Maru Piravi]]'' (1973) and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''Ninthakatha'' were made on the basis of his case diary. [[Aamir Khan]]'s character in ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014) is inspired by Kovoor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aamir Khan's character in PK is inspired from Abraham Kovoor |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=285086 |website=www.daijiworld.com |access-date=22 December 2014 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135707/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=285086 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bharathiya Yuktivadi Sangam declared a national award called the A. T. Kovoor Award for the Secular Artist. The first recipient was Indian film star [[Kamal Haasan]] in acknowledgment of his humanist activities and secular life.

Kovoor's work remains controversial in India. In 2008, Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal, leader of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], imposed an "immediate ban" on Kovoor's ''God, Demons and Spirits'', translated into Punjabi by Megh Raj Mitter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iheu.org/node/3119 |title=Punjab bans rationalist literature |date=22 March 2008 |publisher=[[International Humanist and Ethical Union]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315044342/http://www.iheu.org/node/3119 |archivedate=2011-03-15 }}</ref> [[Basava Premanand]], founder of the [[Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Johannes Quack|title=Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PA101|date=22 November 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-981260-8|pages=98, 99, 101}}</ref> is regarded as Kovoor the great Indian rationalist's descendant in India.<ref name="Ruhela1997">{{cite book|chapter=Magic Realism |author=Rahul Singh|editor=Satya Pal Ruhela|title=Sri Sathya Sai Baba and the Press, 1972-1996|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4ldAqBuIpwC&pg=PA40|year=1997|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-041-2|pages=141–142}} republished article from ''[[The Times of India]] - The Sunday Review'' of 27 August 1995</ref>

==Books by and on Kovoor==
===In English===
# ''Begone Godmen'' - [[Jaico Publishing House]], Mumbai, India
# ''Gods, Demons and Spirits'' - Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai, India
# ''Selected Works of A T Kovoor''- [http://www.therali.com/ Indian Atheist Publishers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213073817/http://www.therali.com/ |date=13 December 2006 }}, New Delhi, India
# ''Exposing Paranormal Claims'' - [[Indian CSICOP]], [[Podannur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
# ''Soul, Spiril, Rebirth & Possession'' - Indian CSICOP, Podannur, Tamil Nadu, India
# ''On Christianity'' - Indian CSICOP, Podannur, Tamil Nadu, India
# ''On Buddhism'' - Indian CSICOP, Podannur, Tamil Nadu, India
# ''Astrology & Hinduism'' - Indian CSICOP, Podannur, Tamil Nadu, India

===In Kannada===
# ''Kovoor Kanda Vaigynanika Sathyagalu'', (Anuvaada - K. Mayigowda, Sapna Book House Bangalore).
# ''Devaru Devva Vignana'', (Anuvaada Navakarnataka Publications Bangalore).

===In Tamil===
# ''Kora Iravukal'', Veerakesari Publications, Colombo
# ''ManakolangkaL'', Veerakesari Publications, Colombo

===In Malayalam===
# ''Kovoorinte Sampoorna Kruthikal'' (Complete Works of Kovoor) - Translated by [[Joseph Edamaruku]].<ref>https://nastiknation.org/product/kovoorinte-sampoorna-krithikal/</ref>
# ''Kovoorinte Thiranjetutha Kruthikal'' (Selected Works of Kovoor) - Translated by Joseph Edamaruku. Prabhat Book House, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
# ''Samsarikkunna Kuthira'' (The Talking Horse) - Translated by Joseph Edamaruku. Current Books, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
# ''Yukthivadam'' (Rationalism) - Translated by Joseph Edamaruku. Current Books, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
# ''Anamarutha'' - Translated by Joseph Edamaruku. D C Books, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
# ''Indriyatheetha Jnanavum Parapsychologiyum'' - Translated by Joseph Edamaruku. Indian Atheist Publishers, New Delhi, India.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071030182028/http://www.therali.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=75 Translated by Joseph Edamaruku. Indian Atheist Publishers]</ref>
# ''Yukthichintha'' (Rational Thought) - Translated by [[Johnson Eyeroor]]. Current Books, Kottayam, Kerala, India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malayalam Books Online |url=http://www.puzha.com/malayalam/bookstore/cgi-bin/book-detail.cgi?code=157 |website=www.puzha.com}}</ref>

===In Hindi===
# ''Aur Dev Purush Har Gaye'' - [https://web.archive.org/web/20041207054649/http://www.tarksheel.com/ Tarakbharti Parkashan], Barnala, Punjab, India
# {{transl|hi|Dev, daanav aur Ruhain}} - Tarakbharti Parkashan

===In Punjabi===
# ''Tey Dev Pursh Har Gaye'' - [https://web.archive.org/web/20041207054649/http://www.tarksheel.com/ Tarakbharti Parkashan], Barnala, Punjab
# ''Pret Atma Puner Janam Te Kasran'' - Tarakbharti Parkashan
# ''Kramatan Da Pardan Phash'' - Tarakbharti Parkashan
# ''Dev, Daint te Ruhan'' - Tarakbharti Parkashan

===In Sinhala===
# ''Deviyo Saha Bhoothayo'' - A Translation by Dharmapala Senarante
# ''Ma Kala Gaveshana'' - A Translation by Dharmapala Senarante

==References==

{{Reflist}}




==Further reading==
* Edamaruku: Dr Kovoor: Crusader against religious frauds. ''Caravan'', December 1978, pp. 31–34.
* {{cite book|author=Johannes Quack|title=Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PA96|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-981260-8|pages=96–97}}

==External links==
* [http://www.carvaka4india.com/search/label/Abraham%20Kovoor Selected Writings of Abraham Kovoor]
* [https://arumugam.tripod.com/kovoor.htm The Rationalist of the Indian Subcontinent]
* [https://arumugam.tripod.com/ganga-water.htm The Miracle of the Ganga Water]: Essay by Abraham Kovoor
* [https://archive.is/20060927064125/http://www.randi.org/jr/030802.html Dr. Bhagavantham and Sai Baba]
* [http://www.randi.org/research/ Challenge of James Randi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080112050935/http://www.buddhiwadi.org/Kovoor.htm "Kovoor" in ''Rationalism, Humanism and Atheism in Twentieth Century Indian Thought'']
* {{YouTube|fzjLvTnNHtg|James Randi paying respect to Dr. Kovoor}}

{{Sathya Sai Baba}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kovoor, Abraham}}
[[Category:Indian rationalists]]
[[Category:Indian atheism activists]]
[[Category:Critics of Sathya Sai Baba]]
[[Category:Indian sceptics]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian former Christians]]
[[Category:Indian religious sceptics]]
[[Category:Indian materialists]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvalla]]
[[Category:1898 births|Kovoor, Abraham Thomas]]
[[Category:1978 deaths|Kovoor, Abraham Thomas]]
[[Category:Malayali people|Kovoor, Abraham Thomas]]
[[Category:Bangabasi College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Alumni of Thurstan College]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan sceptics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century Sri Lankan people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Colombo]]
[[Category:Deshamanya]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual writers]]
[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]

Kerala Brethren

2021-05-04T01:03:16Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Short description|Christian denomination in India}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| name = Kerala Brethren
| image =
| imagewidth =
| caption =
| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
| orientation = [[Plymouth Brethren]]
| polity = [[Congregationalist polity|Congregationalist]]
| founder =
| founded_date = 1899
| founded_place =
| separated_from =
| leader/moderator =
| leader =
| parent =
| merger =
| separations =
| fellowships =
| associations =
| area = [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| hospitals =
| nursing_homes =
| aid =
| congregations = 600
| members =
| ministers =
| missionaries =
| temples =
| primary_schools =
| secondary_schools =
| tertiary =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Christianity in India sidebar}}
'''The Kerala Brethren''' are a significant subset of the [[Indian Brethren]], who are connected with the [[Open Brethren]] movement internationally. In the South [[India]]n [[states of India|State]] of [[Kerala]], four Syrian Christian ([[Saint Thomas Christians|Nasrani]]) men who came from traditional churches were [[believer's baptism|baptised]] in 1898, and many of the Kerala Brethren consider this event to have been the start of their movement. Some 600 of the 2,200 Brethren assemblies (as their churches are generally called) in India are located in Kerala.

==Characteristics==
The Brethren have no central hierarchy or governing body. They see themselves as an informal network of like-minded autonomous local churches, not as a denomination in the organizational sense. Common support for itinerant preachers, publications, [[seminary|seminaries]], and missions agencies, however, often leads to a high degree of cooperation among Brethren assemblies, and among Kerala's Christians, the Brethren are noted for their strong sense of identity.

The Brethren assemblies in Kerala are also known as "verpaatu sabhakal" due to their heavy emphasis on separation from the world for greater devotion to [[Jesus Christ]]. This emphasis on separation, although common among the Brethren throughout India and in some streams of the Brethren internationally, is particularly pronounced in Kerala.

==History==
Many Indian Christians believe that the Apostle [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]] brought the Christian message to [[India]] in 52AD. In the words of an Indian hymn, ''"...It was his mission to espouse India to the One-Begotten...."''<ref>{{cite book|last1=St Ephraem|editor1-last=Lamy|editor1-link=Ephraem, Hymni et Sermones, IV|title=Hymns of St Ephraem}}</ref> Some Indian Brethren disclaim their missionary origins, instead making a case for historical continuity with the First-Century converts of the Apostle Thomas,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.biblebeliever.co.za/Brethren%20Assemblys/Brethren%20Information/FAQ.htm#27.|title=Brethren Assemblies FAQ|access-date=2015-05-28}}</ref> claiming that for several centuries Christians on the [[Malabar coast]] (modern Kerala) followed what Brethren believe to have been the [[New Testament]] model of church organization and worship, with no clergy, and that clericalism began to creep in only after 345 AD, when seventy-two families belonging to seven [[Jewish]] clans followed [[Thomas of Cana]] from [[Iraq]] to [[Kodungalloor]], which is now in Kerala. Thomas of Cana, they claim, brought in [[bishop]]s and [[deacon]]s, changing the practices of the Kerala Christians. This interpretation of history is not widely shared by non-Brethren Christians, however.

The modern Brethren movement was introduced into India in 1833 by [[Anthony Norris Groves]],<ref>[http://www.bahrainbrethren.com/features.php?action=view&id=222 Bahrain Brethren]</ref> a dentist turned missionary who was one of the original [[Plymouth Brethren]] pioneers in [[Ireland]]. The Brethren movement began to take root in Kerala when [[Mathai Upadeshi]], who had been an ([[Anglican]]) [[Church Missionary Society|CMS]] evangelist from [[Thirunalveli]], arrived in 1872. Another early preacher was [[Yusthos Joseph]], also known as [[Vidwankutty]], a Tamil [[Brahmin]] and also a CMS priest like Mathai Upadeshi. He arrived in Kerala in 1875, but his ministry declined after the failure of his [[prophecy|prediction]] that [[Jesus Christ]] would [[Second coming|return]] in 1881.

A second wave of growth among the Kerala Brethren started in 1894 with the arrival of '''V.D. David''', better known in Kerala as [[Tamil David]], and [[L.M. Wordsmith]], the latter an [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamil]] from [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]. They were joined by [[Handley Bird]], who established assemblies in Northern Kerala.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Matthew|first1=John|title=Dr.|url=http://www.atlantabrethren.org/index2.php?view=history|website=History of Brethren|publisher=ACBA.com|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> They were helped by [[Baptist]] preacher and [[Keswick Convention]] speaker [[J.G. Gregson]], who visited Kerala in 1896. Although a Baptist, he was sympathetic to Brethren viewpoints and helped to found the first Brethren assembly in [[Travancore]], central Kerala. He also preached in [[Ayroor]], near [[Kumbanad]], paving the way for [[Germany|German]] missionary [[Volbrecht Nagel]] to conduct the first Brethren "meeting" (as they usually call their services) there on 19 March 1899.

===Persecution===

Meanwhile, a period of persecution from the older churches had broken out in 1897. Concerned about losing members, some priests in the [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] spoke out against the Brethren movement. [[P.C. John]], a young Mar Thoma Christian influenced by Brethren ideas, was physically assaulted by his priest. John and his cousin, P.E. Mammen, who was a Mar Thoma priest, subsequently left that church and joined the Brethren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brethrenpedia.com/India|website=BrethrenPedia|publisher=BrethrenPedia.org|access-date=29 May 2015|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194446/http://www.brethrenpedia.com/India|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Brethren further strengthened by continued defections from the Mar Thoma Church. [[K.V. Simon]] was [[excommunication|excommunicated]] from the Mar Thoma Church in Edayaranmula for undergoing and practicing [[believer's baptism]]. After this event, which took place on 25 December 1915, Simon joined the Brethren movement. Sporadic persecution of the Brethren continued. Lonappan, an evangelist, and Kidangoor Thaipparambil Joseph were physically attacked in November 1921 by a mob which burned Bibles and destroyed their agricultural produce.

===Brethren unity===
1929 was a significant year, when a small group of [[Viyojitha]] assemblies that stemmed from the work of [[K.V. Simon]] came into fellowship with the wider [[Indian Brethren]] movement on 20 January. In practical terms, this meant that the Indian Brethren, who were similar in doctrine to the [[Open Brethren]] movement, recognized the Viyojitha Brethren as fellow-believers who shared the same principles of church order. [[E.H. Noel]] of the Indian Brethren was instrumental in this coming together. They were subsequently joined by the Kerala Brethren, under the encouragement of [[P.E. Mammen]].

==Conventions and conferences==
There is no General Convention for Brethren Assemblies in Kerala. Local assemblies throughout Kerala often conduct their own conventions and gospel meetings.

==Charitable work==
In 1906, [[Volbrecht Nagel]], who had been leading the Brethren work at [[Kunnamkulam]] in [[Thrissur]] District on the [[Malabar Coast]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plymouth Brethren|url=http://keralabrethrenassembly.com/wp/?p=52|publisher=Kerala Brethren Assembly|access-date=Dec 9, 2014}}</ref> purchased 75 acres of land and started a school and orphanage in [[Nellikkunnu]]. Tiruvalla Medical Mission (TMM) Hospitals have since been established at [[Tiruvalla]], [[Mannmaruthy]], & [[Vazhoor]] and the College of Nursing at Tiruvalla.

===Schools/colleges===
* Brethren Bible Institute, Pathanamthitta (Offering B.Th., M.B.S., M.Div. & M.Th.) www.bbipta.com
* Brethren English Medium High School, [[Kumbanad]].
* Clarence High School, [[Bangalore]]
* Noel Memorial High School & UP School, [[Kumbanad]].
* Noel Memorial High School & UP School, [[Kariamplavu]].
* Noel Memorial U P School, [[Kalanjoor]],
* Noel Memorial Upper Primary School, [[Keekozhoor]],
. Noel Memorial Upper Primary School, [Edayaranmula],
. Noel Memorial Upper Primary School, [Kangazha],
* Noel memorial LP Chethackal, [[Ranny]],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Kanakappalam],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Thrikkannamangal (Kottarakkara)],
* Noel Memorial Lower Primary School (N.M.L.P.S), [[Vilangara]], [[Kottarakkara]]
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Oottupara],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Mannarathara],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Sabarimankal],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Uthimood],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Paamala],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Pampady],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Mylapra],
. Noel Memorial Lower Primary School, [Kariamplave]
* TMM Hospital College of Nursing, [[Thiruvalla]]
* Hope Academy of Theology and Sciences (HATS), [[Bhopal]].
* Rehoboth Theological Institute (''RTI''), Nellikunnu, Trissur.
* Madurai Bible School & College, [[Madurai]]. www.maduraibiblecollege.org

===Mission funds===
* Kerala Evangelistic Missionary (KEM) Fund
* General Gospel Fund
* [[Gospel Missions of India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gospel Missions of India|url=http://www.gospelmi.org/}}</ref>
* Gospel Fellowship Trust of India
* Hope Assembly Workers Fund (HAWF)
* Stewards Association of India

===Homes for the elderly===
* Brethren Mercy Trust, [[Kumbanad]]
* Rehoboth Old Age Home, [[Nellikkunnu]]

==References and sources==
*[http://www.brethrenpedia.org/ Brethren Wiki] BrethrenPedia
*[http://www.tmmhospital.org/ Thiruvalla Medical Missions]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081014022509/http://www.keralabrethren.net/history_eng.asp Keralabrethren.net History page]
*[http://www.thekkel.com/brethren.html/ Thekkel.com brethren history page]
*[http://missionaryvoice.org/indianbrethren.html/ Missionaryvoice.org]
*[http://hopethroughgrace.com/?p=151/ Brethren institutions]
* Mahaakavi K. V. Simon, ''History of the Malankara Brethren Churches (malankarayile verpaatu sabhakalute charithram)'' – republished by Sathyam Publications, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India. in Feb 1999.
* [[G.H. Lang|Lang, G. H.]], ''The History and Diaries of an Indian Christian: J. C. Aroolappen'', USA, Schoettle Publishing Co., Inc., 1988

==Kerala Brethren pioneers==
* Handley Bird
* M.E. Cherian, [[Madurai]]
* K.V.Cheru
* J.M. Davies
* Y. Ezekiel
* Silas Fox
* [[J.G. Gregson]]
* [[P.C. John]] Upadeshi
* P.C. Joseph - Jospeh Chethackal
* P.C. Joseph - Poikayil Joseph
* K.G. Kurien
* M.M. John (Kumbanad)
* Mammen Kurien
* T.A. Kurien - Sagar
* P.E. Mammen, "Kumbanattachen" - former Vicar of [[Kumbanad]] and [[Eraviperoor]] [[Marthoma]] parishes
* V.T. Mathai
* E.J. Mathew
* A.T. Mathew, ([[Gudalur, Nilgiris]])
* [[Volbrecht Nagel]]
* Edwyn. H. Noel
* [[K.V. Simon|Mahakavi K.V. Simon]]
* T.K. Samuel
* Alex Souter
* K.G. Thomas
* Avarachan Upadeshi
* E.P. Varghese
* K.K. Chacko
* Raveendran Vattappara
* M.M.Andrews Pongumoodu

==See also==
*[[Assemblies Jehovah Shammah]]
*[[Indian Brethren]]
*[[Open Brethren]]
*[[Plymouth Brethren]]
*[[K. V. Simon]]
*[[P.C. John]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.keralabrethrenassembly.com/ Kerala Brethren Assembly ]
*[http://keralabrethrenassembly.com/phpbb/index.php/ Kerala Brethren Assembly-Forum ]
*[http://www.keralabrethren.net/ Kerala Brethren ]
*[http://www.keralabrethren.net/ Kerala Brethren discussion forum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171105105118/http://brethrenassembly.com/ brethrenassembly.com ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150529161931/http://www.adelphoinews.com/ * Adelphoi News.com]
*[http://www.hatsindia.com HATS - HOPE ]

{{Christianity in Kerala}}

[[Category:Christianity in Kerala]]
[[Category:Christian missions in India]]
[[Category:Plymouth Brethren]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1898]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in India]]

Kuttyedathi

2021-03-09T03:24:10Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kuttyedathi
| image = Kuttyedathi.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[P. N. Menon (director)|P. N. Menon]]
| producer = M. B. Pisharody P. N. Menon
| writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
| narrator =
| starring = ''Kuttyedathi'' Vilasini [[Jayabharathi]] [[Sathyaneshan Nadar|Sathyan]] [[S. P. Pillai]]
| music = [[M. S. Baburaj]]
| cinematography = [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]]
| editing = Ravi Kiran
| studio = Menon Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1971|2|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kuttyedathi''''' ({{lang-ml|കുട്ട്യേടത്തി}}, {{lang-en|Kutty, the Elder Sister}}) is a 1971 [[Malayalam language]] film, directed by [[P. N. Menon (director)|P. N. Menon]] and written by [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]. It was widely regarded as one of the best South Indian films made in the 1970s. Crew - Music: M. S. Baburaj, Cinematography: Ashok Kumar, Operative cameraman: [[P. S. Nivas]] and editing: Ravi Kiran. ''Kuttyedathi'' is woven around the life of a girl, who is an ugly duckling with tomboyish tendencies, and who is continuously discriminated against in favour of her prettier younger sister. The film was shot at [[Shoranur]].

==Cast==
* [[Sathyaneshan Nadar|Sathyan]] as Appunni
* [[S. P. Pillai]] as Govindan Nair
* [[Jayabharathi]] as Janu
* [[Jeassy]]
* [[Kuttyedathi Vilasini]] as Malu (Kuttiyedathi)
* Master Sathyajith as Vasu
* [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Kuttishankaran
* Raman Menon
* Ammini
* [[Balan K. Nair]]
* Nilambur Balan as Karuthan
* [[Philomina]] as Narayani
* [[Kozhikode Shantha Devi]] as Meenakshi

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Baburaj]] and the lyrics were written by [[Swathi Thirunal]] and [[Sreekumaran Thampi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=396|title=Kuttyedathi|accessdate=2014-10-15|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4873|title=Kuttyedathi|accessdate=2014-10-15|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Alarshara Parithaapam" || Machad Vasanthi, Kalamandalam Saraswathi || [[Swathi Thirunal]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Chithralekhe Priyamvade" || [[P. Leela]], Machad Vasanthi || [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] ||
|-
| 3 || "Prapancha Chethana" || [[S. Janaki]] || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0240665}}
* [http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4873 ''Kuttiyedathi''] at the Malayalam Movie Database

[[Category:1970s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Loudspeaker film

2021-02-09T02:31:42Z

208.64.12.4:

{{for|1934 film|The Loudspeaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Loudspeaker
| image = Loudspeaker (Film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Jayaraj]]
| producer = Jayaraj M.P. Surendranth (co-producer)
| screenplay = Jayaraj
| story = Jayaraj P. Y. Jose
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[K. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]] [[Gracy Singh]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] [[Cochin Hanifa]] [[Saleem Kumar]] [[KPAC Lalitha]]
| music = [[Bijibal]]
| cinematography = Gunashekhar
| editing = Vijai Sankar
| studio = New Generation Cinema
| distributor = P. A. Sebastine Time Ads Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|9|20|Kerala}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Loudspeaker''''' is a 2009 [[Malayalam film]] produced, written, and directed by [[Jayaraj]], starring [[Mammootty]], [[K. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]], [[Gracy Singh]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Cochin Hanifa]], [[Saleem Kumar]], and [[KPAC Lalitha]].

==Plot==
The movie is all about the relationships between two rare bred men from extremely different strata of society, but more in common than is apparent from the first look. They might have never run into each other, with their stark contrast in nature and life styles and would have hardly given each other a second look, if they hadn't met in these defined circumstances. But the movie throws them together, intertwined in worst of their days and progressively built in the rapport between the extremes, and infuses the spirit of worthy and meaningful life to all in the screen and those who watches them on screen.

[[Mammootty]] plays the lead role Mike Philippose, a barefooted uneducated simpleton (from [[Thopramkudy]]),who lands in the city, armoured with his loud voice, opinions and dazzling wit to stand up with the different level of etiquettes he finds in the flats of the city. His arrival is as a kidney donor to ailing Anand Menon, an astrophysicist who returned to India after working in the United States for the last forty six years. A dejected man who wants to run away from his memories, Menon is turned into the reverse track by Mike, who lives with his memories and snobs about his deceased father and about the silent hamlet of Thopramkudy.

The movie packs a lot of characters like the old man (Janardhanan) in legal tussle with his children, the fighting couple (Kalpana and Reghu) who even don't like to see face to face, a secretary of the flat residents (Jagathy) who only has a dog for his company, a group of loud bachelors and a kid who turns into a brat, left alone and away from her parents.

==Cast==
*[[Mammootty]] as Philipose
*[[K. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]] Anand Menon
*[[Gracy Singh]] as Annie
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Secretary Geevarghese
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Kunjannama
*[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Old man
*[[Nayanthara Chakravarthy]] as Angela
*Babu Swami asOuseph, Kunjannama's husband
*[[Bheeman Raghu]] as Madhavan Nair
*[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Rugmini
*[[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Watchman Mohan Das
*[[Salim Kumar]] as KP
*[[Cochin Haneefa]] as Organ agent Sarangadharan
*[[Guinness Pakru]] as Organ agent
*[[Suraj Venjaramood]] as Counselor Eswarapillai Kumarapillai
*[[Harisree Ashokan]] as Kathanar
*Gopi Asan as Valliya Ammavan
*[[Unnikrishnan Namboothiri]] as Menon's relative
*Rugmini Warassyar as Menon's relative
*[[Anoop Menon]] as Dr. Ollurkkaran
*[[Valsala Menon]] as Annie's mother
*[[Sukumari]] as Head Nurse
*[[Kundara Johny]] as loanshark
*[[Ambika Mohan]] as Menon's relative
*Subair Alappuzha as Dr. Philson
*[[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]]
*[[Sreejith Ravi]] as bachelor
*Suraj as bachelor
*Romeo as bachelor
*Suraj Devaraj as bachelor

==Soundtrack==
The songs of ''Loudspeaker'' were composed by [[Bijibal]] and lyrics were written by [[Anil Panachooran]]. "Alliyambal", a famous song from ''Rosy'' composed by [[Job Master]] and sung by [[K. J. Yesudas]], is adopted in this film. The new version of the song is sung by his son, [[Vijay Yesudas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://loudspeakerfilm.com/c%26c.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914032342/http://www.loudspeakerfilm.com/c%26c.html |archive-date=14 September 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

*"Changazhi Muthumayi" - Sung by Ganesh Sundaram
*"Kattarinu Thorathoru"- Jayachandran. Composer: Bijibal Manayil Lyrics: Anil Panachooran
Singer: P.Jayachandran
*"Manjinte Mamala"
*"Alliyambal" - Sung by Vijay Yesudas
*"Kattarinu Thorathoru - Anjali Muraleedharan (Female)"
*"Changazhi Muthumayi (Male)"

== References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://loudspeakerfilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1521023|Loudspeaker}}

[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2000s Malayalam-language films]]

Ee Lokam Evide Kure Manushyar

2021-01-13T04:22:18Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ee Lokam Evide Kure Manushyar
| image = Elekmfilm.png
| caption = Promotional Poster
| director = [[P. G. Vishwambharan]]
| producer = Sajan
| writer = Antony Eastman [[John Paul Puthusery|John Paul]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[John Paul Puthusery|John Paul]]
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] [[Thilakan]]
| music = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = V. P. Krishnan
| studio = Saj Productions
| distributor = Saj Productions
| released = {{Film date|1985|9|25|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Ee Lokam Evide Kure Manushyar''''' is a 1985 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[P. G. Vishwambharan]] and produced by Sajan. The film stars [[Mammooty]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Jayabharathi]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] and [[Thilakan]] in important roles. The film has musical score by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1684|title=Ee Lokam Ivide Kure Manushyar|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?678 |title=Ee Lokam Ivide Kure Manushyar |accessdate=2014-10-21 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022030330/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?678 |archivedate=22 October 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/ee-lokam-ivide-kure-manushyar-malayalam-movie/|title=Ee Lokam Ivide Kure Manushyar|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

The film has [[Bollywood]] actor [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] in a pivotal role.

==Cast==

*[[Mammootty]] as Ummer
*[[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Balu
*[[Jayabharathi]]
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Ouseppu
*[[Thilakan]] as Krishna Pillai
*[[Nedumudi Venu]]
*[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Sheela
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Abbas
*[[Kajal Kiran]] as Jameela
*[[Lalu Alex]] as SI Sreedharan
*[[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]]
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]]
*[[Philomina]] as Chantha Rosy
*[[T. G. Ravi]] as Keshavan
*Santhosh
*James as James

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] and the lyrics were written by [[P. Bhaskaran]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kanavin Manimaaran" || Chorus, Cochin Ibrahim || [[P. Bhaskaran]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Kannum Kannum" || [[Unni Menon]], Chorus, [[Lathika]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 3 || "Sankalpam" || [[K. G. Markose]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 4 || "Thattimutti Kaithatti" || K. G. Markose, Lathika || P. Bhaskaran ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0271478|Ee Lokam Ivide Kure Manushyar}}

[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. G. Viswambharan]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Avalude Katha

2020-11-25T00:28:24Z

208.64.12.4:

{{short description|1987 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Avalude Katha
| image =
| caption =
| director = Jayadevan
| producer = Purushan Alappuzha
| writer = K. S. Mani
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Sathaar]] [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] Ramu
| music = [[A. T. Ummer]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Sreedevi Movies
| distributor = Sreedevi Movies
| released = {{Film date|1987|9|4|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Avalude Katha''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1987|1987]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Jayadevan and produced by Purushan Alappuzha. The film stars [[Sathaar]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] and [[Ramu]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[A. T. Ummer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1961|title=Avalude Kadha|accessdate=2014-10-14|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?17 |title=Avalude Kadha |accessdate=2014-10-14 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411075753/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?17 |archivedate=11 April 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/avalude-katha-malayalam-movie/|title=Avalude Katha|accessdate=2014-10-14|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Sathaar]]
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
*Ramu

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[A. T. Ummer]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Aalolam" || [[Krishnachandran]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Kaalidaasa Kaavyamo" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 3 || "Kanmani Neeyurangoo" || [[S. Janaki]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 4 || "Maanasaminnoru" || K. J. Yesudas || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 5 || "Poonkinnam Njaan" || [[Lathika]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 6 || "Raaga Rajani" || K. J. Yesudas || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0352189|Avalude Katha}}

[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Maharaja Talkies

2020-11-10T00:25:10Z

208.64.12.4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maharaja Talkies
| image = Maharajatalkies.jpg
| caption =
| alt =
| director = Devidas Chelanat
| producer = S Mohan
| writer = Saji Damodar
| starring = [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
| music =
| cinematography = K P Suresh
| editing = Saji Damodar
| studio =
| distributor = Dhanush Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|05|13}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Maharaja Talkies''''' ({{lang-ml|മഹാരാജ ടാക്കീസ്}} ) is 2011 [[Malayalam]] film, directed by debutante Devidas Chelanatt, starring [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] and [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] in the lead roles.

==Synopsis==
Maharaja Talkies is about Vimala ([[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]) and her three sisters Ganga, Yamuna and Unnimaya. They run a film theatre that has been bestowed on them by their mother, before she died. Vimala has been more than a father and mother to the younger kids, since their father Raghavan Nair([[Babu Namboothiri]]) had deserted them when they were quite young. Pappachan ([[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]) who plays the local moneybag, is hell bent on bringing Maharaja Talkies down. He does it by hiring a cabaret dancer, and the people in no time desert the cinema hall and flock around the voluptuous performer. He also seeks the services of a Panchayath president who has been spurned by the 'theatre sisters' and who was asked to buy a few tickets for his family rather that having them for free. Then Venugopal ([[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]), Vimala's childhood friend, comes to the village as [[Panchayath]] secretary. He then helps Vimala save the talkies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/179162/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415075944/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/179162 |archivedate=15 April 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
* [[Jagadeesh]]
* [[Janardanan]]
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]
* [[Salim Kumar]]
* [[T G Ravi]]
* [[Harishree Ashokan]]
* [[Ramesh Pisharody]]
*[[Narayanankutty]]
* [[Kalabhavan Haneef]]
* [[Machan Varghese]]
* [[Babu Namboothiri]]
* Rakhi Devi
* Unnimaya
* [[Seema G. Nair]]
* Deepika Mohan
* [[Sukumari]]
* Haridas T. B.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2011 directorial debut films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}