Jafarabad State

2021-07-13T15:04:10Z

213.192.68.53:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = જાફરાબાદ રિયાસત
|conventional_long_name =Jafarabad State<br>Jafrabad State
|common_name =Jafarabad
|nation = [[British India]]
|status_text = [[Princely State]] of [[British India]]<br>In union with [[Janjira State|Janjira]] (1759–1948)
|era =
|year_start = c. 1650
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Jafarabad State Merchant Flag vector.svg
|image_coat =
|image_map = SaurashtraKart.svg
|image_map_caption = Location of Jafrabad State in Saurashtra
|stat_area1 =68
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 12,097
|today = [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jafarabad''', or '''Jafrabad State'''{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}, was a tributary [[princely state]] in [[India]] during the [[British Raj]]. It was located in the [[Kathiawar Peninsula]] on the [[Gujarat]] coast. The state had formerly been part of the [[Baroda Agency]] and later of the [[Kathiawar Agency]] of the [[Bombay Presidency]].

Jafrabad State was a dependency of the [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State]],<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Jafarabad |volume=15 |page=125}}</ref> located 320 km to the [[South-southeast|SSE]] on the [[Konkan coast]]. The states of Jafarabad and Janjira were united in a personal way.

[[Jafrabad]] town, the capital and only municipality, is located 275 km south of [[Ahmedabad]] and 240 southwest of [[Baroda]]. The state was formed by the city and 11 villages and initially consisted of two districts located on both sides of the estuary of the Ranai river. Jafrabad state had an area of 68 km<sup>2</sup> and a population in 1881 of 4,746 and in 1901 of 6,038 inhabitants. The majority of the population were Muslims (80%) and the rest Hindus. The state and the town took their name from Sultan Muzaffar Jafar from Gujarat who built fortifications.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

==History==
Jafarabad State was founded around 1650. On 6 December 1733 the ruler of Jafarabad State signed a defensive and offensive treaty with the [[British East India Company]].
In 1759, the Jafarabad and Janjira states entered into a [[personal union]]. Finally in 1834 Jafarabad State became a [[British protectorate]].<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref>

Around 1731 when the [[Mughal Empire]] rule was relaxed in Gujarat, the local ''Thanedar'' (ruler) who was an ally in the Muslim Mughal garrison became independent. Thereafter the ''Thanedar'' and the local [[Koli people|Kolis]] were devoted to piracy, repeatedly attacking ships and disturbing commercial traffic from [[Surat]]. [[Sidi Hilal]], the prince of the dynasty of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] which was then ruling Surat, attacked the Kolis, destroyed their boats and captured them demanding a hefty fine.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Robbins, Kenneth X. |author2=McLeod, John |title=African elites in India: Habshi Amarat |publisher=Mapin |year=2006 |pages=272 Pages |isbn=1890206970}}</ref> The Thanedar of Jafarabad could not afford to pay the fine and hence Jafarabad town was sold to Sidi Hilal in 1759.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Sidi Hilal soon realized that he could not keep the city given the situation of lawlessness in the Kathiawar peninsula and in 1762 he transferred Jafarabad to the [[Nawab]] of Janjira, who paid the debts and appointed him governor.

Under British protectorate the Nawabs of Janjira were considered separate second class rulers among the rulers of Kathiawar, but they were later promoted to first class. In the nineteenth century the rulers maintained a military force of 123 men.
Jafarabad State acceded to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 8 March 1948.<ref>Great Britain India Office. ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908</ref>

==Rulers==
Rulers initially held the title of Wazir and after 1803 the title of [[Nawab]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

===Thanadars of Jafarabad===

*c.1650 – 16..: Fath Khan
*16.. – 1678: Sambhol Yaqut Khan
*1678 – 1734: [[Yakut Khan|Qasim Yakut Khan]]
*1734 – 1759: Surur Khan

===Wazirs of Janjira===

*1676 – 1703: Kasim Yaqut Khan II (d. 1703)
*1703 – 1707: Amabat Yaqut Khan II
*1707 – 1732: Surur Yakut Khan II (d. 1732)
*1732 – 1734: Hasan Khan (1st time) (d. 1746)
*1734 – 1737: Sumbul Khan
*1737 – 1740: `Abd al-Rahman Khan
*1740 – 1745: Hasan Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
*1745 – 1757: Ibrahim Khan I (1st time) (d. 1761)
*1757: Mohammad Khan I (d. 1757)
*1757 – 1759: Ibrahim Khan I (2nd time) (s.a.)

===Thanadars of Jafarabad and Wazirs of Janjira===

*1759 – 1761: Ibrahim Khan I (s.a.)
*1761 – 1772: Yaqut Khan (usurper to 6 June 1772) (d. 1772)
*1772 – 1784: `Abd al-Rahim Khan (d. 1784)
*1784 – 1789: Jowhar Khan (d. 1789)
** – in dispute with –
***1784 – 1789: `Abd al-Karim Yaqut Khan
*1789 – 1794: Ibrahim Khan II (d. 1826)
*1794 – 1803: Jumrud Khan (d. 1803)

===Nawabs===

*1803 – 1826: Ibrahim Khan II (s.a.)
*1826 – 31 August 1848: Mohammad Khan I (d. 1848)
*31 Aug 1848 – 28 January 1879: Ibrahim Khan III (b. 1825 – d. 1879)
*28 Jan 1879 – 2 May 1922: Ahmad Khan (b. 1862 – d. 1922) (from 1 January 1895, Sir Ahmad Khan)
*28 Jun 1879 – 11 October 1883: .... – Regent
* 2 May 1922 – 15 August 1947: Mohammad Khan II (b. 1914 – d. 1972)
* 2 May 1922 – 9 November 1933: Kulsum Begum (f) – Regent (b. 1897 – d. 1959)

==See also==
*[[Janjira State]]
*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Western India States Agency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Princely states of the Western India States Agency}}
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[[Category:Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:Muslim princely states of India]]
[[Category:Amreli district]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 1650s]]
[[Category:1650s establishments in India]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]

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Jafarabad State