Firaq Gorakhpuri

2021-06-09T14:11:31Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{infobox writer
| image = Firaq Gorakhpuri 1997 stamp of India bw.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Raghupati Sahay<ref name=IndiaToday/>
| pseudonym = Firaq Gorakhpuri فراق گورکھپوری
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1896|08|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Gorakhpur]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|03|03|1896|08|28|df=yes}}<ref name=IndiaToday/>
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[writer]], [[critic]], [[scholar]], [[lecturer]], [[orator]]<ref name=IndiaToday/>
| language = [[Urdu]], [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| education = [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in [[English literature]]<ref name=IndiaToday/>
| genre = [[Poetry]], [[Literary criticism]]
| notableworks = ''Gul-e-Naghma''
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1968)<br>[[Jnanpith Award]] (1969)<br>[[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]] (1970)
| portaldisp = yes
| signature = Firaq Autograph.jpg
}}

'''Raghupati Sahay''' (28 August 1896 – 3 March 1982), better known under his pen name '''Firaq Gorakhpuri''', was a [[writer]], [[Literary criticism|critic]], and, according to one commentator, one of the most noted contemporary [[Urdu]] [[poet]]s from India.<ref name=IndiaToday/> He established himself among peers including [[Muhammad Iqbal]], [[Yagana Changezi]], [[Jigar Moradabadi]] and [[Josh Malihabadi]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126050322/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-23/varanasi/35318635_1_college-manager-celebration-time-book-release Lucknow Christian Degree College to celebrate 150 years of glory]. ''Times of India''. 23 November 2012</ref><ref>[http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main54.asp?filename=Ws051212APPRAISAL.asp Peace was his obsession (IK Gujral used to quote Firaq Gorakhpuri)]. tehelka.com. 5 December 2012</ref>

==Early life and career==
Raghupati Sahay was born in [[Banwarpur village of Gorakhpur district]] on 28 August 1896 in a well-to-do and educated family. He finished his basic education and then completed his Master's degree in [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and English literature.<ref name=IndiaToday/>

Firaq had shown early signs of excellence in Urdu poetry and had always shown attraction towards literature. His contemporaries included famous Urdu poets like [[Allama Iqbal]], [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]], [[Kaifi Azmi]] and [[Sahir Ludhianvi]]. Yet he was able to make his mark in Urdu poetry at an early age.<ref name=IndiaToday/>

He was selected for the Provincial Civil Service (P.C.S.) and the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)]] (I.C.S.), but he resigned to follow [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s [[Non-cooperation movement]], for which he went to jail for 18 months. Later, he joined [[Allahabad University]] as a lecturer in [[English literature]]. It was there that he wrote most of his Urdu poetry, including his [[masterpiece|magnum opus]] ''Gul-e-Naghma'' which earned him the highest literary award of India, the [[Jnanpith Award]], and also the 1960 [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Urdu Writers|Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu]]. During his life, he was given the positions of Research Professor at the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] and Producer Emeritus by [[All India Radio]]. After a long illness, he died on 3 March 1982, in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=IndiaToday/>

Gorakhpuri was well-versed in all traditional metrical forms such as [[ghazal]], [[nazm]], [[rubaai]] and [[qat'aa]]. He wrote more than a dozen volumes of [[Urdu poetry]], a half dozen of [[Urdu]] prose, several volumes on literary themes in [[Hindi]], as well as four volumes of [[English language|English]] prose on literary and cultural subjects.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}}

His biography, ''Firaq Gorakhpuri: The Poet of Pain & Ecstasy'', written by his nephew Ajai Mansingh was published by Roli Books in 2015.<ref name=TOI>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/Books-reflect-a-political-fever/articleshow/45715513.cms Books reflect a political fever]. ''Times of India''. 23 January 2015</ref> The book included anecdotes from his life and translations of some of his work.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}}

==Selected works==
*''Gul-e-Naghma '' گلِ نغمہ <ref name=TOI/>
*''Gul-e-Ra'naa'' گلِ رعنا
*''Mash'aal'' مشعال
*''Rooh-e-Kaayenaat'' روحِ کائنات
*''Roop'' رُوپ (Rubaayi رُباعی )
*''Shabnamistaan'' شبنمِستان
*''Sargam'' سرگم
*''Bazm-e-Zindagi Rang-e-Shayri'' بزمِ زندگی رنگِ شاعری

==Awards==
*1960 – [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Urdu Writers|Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu]]
*1968 – [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=7 May 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2014 }}</ref>
*1968 – Soviet Land Nehru Award
*1969 – [[Jnanpith Award]] (First Jnanpith Award for Urdu literature)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings |publisher=[[Jnanpith]] Website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2007 |access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref><ref name=TOI/>
*1970 – [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
*1981 – Ghalib Academy Award

==Death and legacy==
Firaq Gorakhpuri died on 3 March 1982 at age 85.<ref name=IndiaToday>[https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/firaq-gorakhpuri-311573-2016-03-03 Remembering the greatest Urdu poet since Ghalib, Firaq Gorakhpuri]. ''India Today''. 3 March 2016</ref> Firaq fought for secularism all his life and played a key role against the then government's effort to label Urdu as a language of the Muslims.<ref name=IndiaToday/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|hi}} [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 Firaq Gorakhpuri at Kavita Kosh]
* [https://shayribaz.in/best-ghazals-firaaq-gorakhpuri-%e0%a5%9e%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a5%98-%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80 Ghazal by Firaq Gorakhpuri]
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorakhpuri, Firaq}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:People from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad faculty]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

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Firaq Gorakhpuri