Kaimur district

2021-07-10T04:43:00Z

2401:4900:3991:6FA0:A8FB:CD45:1374:5DC5:

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaimur district
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| image_skyline = TelharFallKaimurBihar.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Telhar|Telhar Falls]]
| image_map = Bihar district location map Kaimur.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| image_map1 =
| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = Administrative Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna Division]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bhabua]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3362
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1626384
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = Auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = Tehsils
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
| blank2_name_sec1 =
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = http://www.kaimur.bih.nic.in/
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kaimur district''' is one of the 38 [[List of districts of Bihar|districts of Bihar]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Bhabua]]. Before [[1991]], it was part of [[Rohtas District]]. Till [[1764]] the region (Kaimur district) was a part of [[Ghazipur District]] and was a part of [[Kamsaar Raj]] and later it was a part of [[Chainpur Estate]] till 1837.

The district occupies an [[area]] of 3363 km² and has a [[population]] of 1,626,384 ({{As of|2011|lc=on}}) with the rank of 307th in the country. The district has a Literacy rate of 69.34% (392nd in the country).
Kaimur district is a part of [[Patna division]]. It is the Western-southern district of Bihar, Western-southern point of Bihar called Chand is situated on the Bhabua-Chandauli road. The district has 18 Colleges, 58 High Schools, 146 Middle Schools and 763 Primary Schools. The district has a total no. of 1699 villages. The district also has 120 Post Offices and 151 Panchayat and it is well connected with NH-2(Grand trunk road). Which is accomplished by Bhabhua Road (BBU) railway station it is the main route which connects Sealdah to Mumbai via Gaya junction.

The most spoken languages are Hindi and Bhojpuri mainly. Due to its close proximity to eastern Uttar Pradesh, people here have Purvanchali tinge in their language.

==History==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,17,384|13=1911|14=3,01,646|15=1921|16=2,93,753|17=1931|18=3,22,778|19=1941|20=3,77,028|21=1951|22=4,35,283|23=1961|24=5,26,251|25=1971|26=6,56,905|27=1981|28=7,83,045|29=1991|30=9,72,949|31=2001|32=12,75,579|33=2011|34=16,26,384|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}Kaimur district was established on 17 March 1991 when it was split off from [[Rohtas district]]. It was called '''Bhabua district''' until 1994, when it was renamed to its current name.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Kaimur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=22-85|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>

The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district consists of [[rock painting]]s in the Lehda forest that date to around 20,000 years ago. In June 2012, erotic [[Pala Empire|Pala]] sculptures were excavated in the village of [[Baijnath, Kaimur|Baidyanath]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-13/patna/32213936_1_sculptures-oldest-functional-temple-kaimur-district |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506171211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-13/patna/32213936_1_sculptures-oldest-functional-temple-kaimur-district |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 6, 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Erotic sculptures of Pala period discovered in Bihar village |date=June 13, 2012}}</ref>

It is currently a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date=2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115807/http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |archive-date=2011-10-27 }}</ref>
In the other side it is associated with belief of Hindus it is Penitential of Atri (Sanskrit: अत्रि) or Attri Rishi & one of the oldest temple in India of Ma Mundeswari which is the part of attraction of tourism.

==Geography==
Kaimur district occupies an area of {{convert|3362|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Russia]]'s [[Vaygach Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Vaygach Island3,329km2 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://archive.today/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | archive-date = 2015-12-01 }}</ref> Geographically, the district can be divided into two parts viz. (i) Hilly area and (ii) Plain area. The hilly area is [[Rohtas Plateau|Kaimur plateau]] (also known as Rohtas plateau). The plain area on the western side is flanked by the rivers [[Karmanasa River|Karmanasa]] and the [[Durgavati River|Durgavati]]. The Kudra river lies on it eastern side. The district of [[Buxar district|Buxar]] of Bihar State and the district of [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]] of U.P. State bound it on the North. On the south is the district of [[Garhwa district|Garhwa]] of Jharkhand State and on the West is the district of [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]] and [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]] of the U.P. State. On the East is district of [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]] of Bihar State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About District {{!}} District Kaimur, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://kaimur.nic.in/about-district/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref>

Kaimur district has a large forest cover, measuring roughly 1,06,300 hectares which contains the [[Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary]], home to [[tiger]]s, [[leopard]]s and [[chinkara]]s. Waterfalls like [[Karkat Waterfall]] and [[Telhar]] are present here.

==Economy==
Agriculture is the main component of the economy in the district. Rice, wheat, [[Vegetable fats and oils|telhan]], [[Pulse (legume)|dalhan]] and [[maize]] are the main crops. Industries located in the district include Vanaspati Oil Ltd., ACC Limited and the [[Power Grid Corporation of India]]'s high voltage direct current (HVDC) grid station at Pusauli.

In 2006 the named Kaimur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Divisions==
Kaimur district is divided into 11 [[community development block]]s, grouped together into 2 subdivisions, based at Bhabua and Mohania:<ref name="kaimur.nic.in">{{cite web |title=Subdivision & Blocks |website=Kaimur (Bhabua) |publisher=National Informatics Centre |url=https://kaimur.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/ |access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
*'''[[Bhabua|Bhabua subdivision]]'''
** [[Adhaura, Kaimur|Adhaura]]
** [[Bhabua]]
** [[Bhagwanpur, Kaimur|Bhagwanpur]]
** [[Chainpur, Kaimur|Chainpur]]
** [[Chand, Kaimur|Chand]]
** [[Rampur, Kaimur|Rampur]]
*'''[[Mohania|Mohania subdivision]]'''
**[[Durgawati]]
** [[Kudra]]
** [[Mohania]]
** [[Ramgarh, Kaimur|Ramgarh]]
** [[Nuaon]]

==Transport==

===Road===

[[National Highway 2 (India)|National Highway 2]] (G.T. Road) crosses through Mohania Town, Pusauli and Kudra.

[[NH 30|National Highway 30]] originates from Mohania and connects with the capital Patna via Arrah. Apart from these, there are also a few state highways in the city. Mohania is connected to Bauxar via Ramgarh from the south and with Bhabua (district capital, Adhaura, Bhagwanpur) from the south. The State Highway 14 connects Bhabua to Mohania.

Bhabua Road Railway Station is (Mohania Town) situated on Gaya–Mughalsarai section of Grand Chord Railway line. Bhabua (the district headquarters) is 14 km southward from the Bhabua Road railway station.

The famous Mundeshawari Devi Temple (the 'oldest functional' temple of world) is about 10 km south to Bhabua and about 25 km south to the railway station. If someone wants to visit the temple then he should arrive at Bhabua Road station first then he may take a direct bus to Mundeshawari Devi temple or may first take bus to Bhabua and then an auto/tempo to the temple.

The nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport (VNS) (Babatpur, Varanasi).

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Kaimur District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|89.54}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|9.55}}
{{bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|0.47}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.23}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.09}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.09}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.01}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Kaimur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,626,384,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 2011-06-11 }}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Guinea-Bissau]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est. | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-date = 27 September 2011 }}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Idaho 1,567,582
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817034911/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2011-08-17
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 307th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|488|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 27.54%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kaimur has a [[sex ratio]] of 919 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 71.01%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Langauages===

{{Pie chart| thumb = right| caption = Languages in Kaimur (2011)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815035759/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |archive-date=15 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |label1=[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value1=90.55
|color1=Yellow
|label2=[[Hindi]] |value2=7.11 |color2=Orange
|label3=[[Urdu]] |value3=2.13 |color3=Green
|label4=Others |value4=0.21|color5=Grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 90.55% of the population in the district spoke [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 7.11% [[Hindi]] and 2.13% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Districts of Bihar]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kaimur district}}
*[http://kaimur.bih.nic.in/ Official government website]
* [http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/kaimur/index.php Kaimur Information Portal]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kaimur district
|North = [[Ghazipur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Northeast = [[Buxar district]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[Rohtas district]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Sonbhadra district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|West = [[Chandauli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Patna Division}}
{{Patna Division topics}}

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[[Category:Kaimur district| ]]
[[Category:Patna division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Bihar]]

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Kaimur district