List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties

2022-01-02T19:20:00Z

2402:3A80:1914:1F76:DAC:45A4:37FA:ABEA:

{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Indian National Congress sidebar}}
Since [[India]] gained [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947, the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) has seen a steady number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as [[Independent (politician)|independent]] parties, some have become [[wikt:Defunct|defunct]], while others have merged with the parent party or other [[List of political parties in India|political parties]].

== List of breakaway parties ==

{{Expand list|date=October 2009}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! Year
! Party
! Leader
! Region
! Status
|-
| 1923 || [[Swaraj Party]]|| [[Chittaranjan Das]], [[Motilal Nehru]] || [[Bengal Presidency]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Indian National Congress]]''
|-
| 1939 || [[All India Forward Bloc]]<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55</ref> || [[Sardul Singh Caveeshar]] [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]|| National || ''active''
|-
| 1951 || [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-04-03/india/28332682_1_janata-party-political-parties-parties-today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021053625/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-04-03/india/28332682_1_janata-party-political-parties-parties-today|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-21|title=The case of the missing socialists|date=2004-04-03|author=Amit Mukherjee|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref> || [[Jivatram Kripalani]] || [[Mysore state]] [[Madras state|Madras State]] [[Delhi]] [[Vindhya Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Praja Socialist Party]]''
|-
| 1951 || [[Hyderabad State Praja Party]] || [[Tanguturi Prakasam]] [[N. G. Ranga]] || [[Hyderabad State]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]]''
|-
| 1951 || [[Saurashtra Khedut Sangh]] || [[Narsinhbhai Dadhaniya]] [[Ratibhai Ukabhai]] || [[Saurashtra State]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Swatantra Party]]''
|-
| 1956 || [[Indian National Democratic Congress]]<ref>Bose, K.; ''Forward Bloc''. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212</ref> || [[C. Rajagopalachari]] || [[Madras State]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Swatantra Party]]''
|-
| 1959 || [[Swatantra Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/oct/31raj2.htm|title=Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh|author=Rajmohan Gandhi|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref> || [[C. Rajagopalachari]] [[N. G. Ranga]] || [[Bihar]] [[Rajasthan]] [[Gujarat]] [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]] in 1974''
|-
| 1964 || [[Kerala Congress]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cs.nyu.edu/kandathi/p_t_chacko.html|title=P. T. Chacko, Pullolil|access-date=8 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411230907/http://cs.nyu.edu/kandathi/p_t_chacko.html|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[K. M. George (politician)|K. M. George]] || [[Kerala]] || ''active'' as the original party has various factions, which have split off from it such as [[Kerala Congress (M)]], [[Kerala Congress (Jacob)]], [[Kerala Congress (B)]], [[Kerala Congress (Democratic)]], [[Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas)]], [[Kerala Congress (Thomas)]], [[Kerala Congress (Nationalist)]]
|-
| 1966 || [[Orissa Jana Congress]] || [[Harekrushna Mahatab]] || [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Janata Party]]''
|-
| 1967 || [[Bangla Congress]] || [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] || [[West Bengal]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1967 || [[Vishal Haryana Party]] || [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1921)|Birender Singh]] || [[Haryana]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1967 || [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]<ref name="charan">{{cite book | url=https://charansingh.org/biography | title=Charan Singh, A Brief Life History | publisher=Charan Singh Archives | author=Harsh Singh Lohit | pages=}}</ref><ref>Wallace, Paul. ''India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace'', in ''Asian Survey'', Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. {{JSTOR|2642338}}</ref> || [[Charan Singh]] || [[Uttar Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with Bharatiya Lok Dal''
|-
| 1968 || [[Manipur Peoples Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manipuronline.com/Profiles/mppjan25.htm |title=The MPP and the People of Manipur |date=2009-01-25 |author=Ksh Kennedy Singh |publisher=Manipuronline.com |access-date=2009-10-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513093039/http://www.manipuronline.com/Profiles/mppjan25.htm |archive-date=13 May 2008 }}</ref> || Mohammed Alimuddin || [[Manipur]] || ''active''
|-
| 1969 || [[Indian National Congress (R)]] || [[Indira Gandhi]] || National || ''active'' ''recognized as the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] by the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] (EC) after the [[1971 Indian general election|1971 general election]]. The party was allowed to call itself the Indian National Congress without any suffix and the EC also restored the frozen Congress symbol of two bullocks to it. But, Indira Gandhi's supporters preferred the “Calf and Cow” symbol it had adopted after the 1969 split and dropped the suffix “R”..''<ref>{{cite web|last=Mukharjee|first=Aditya|title=Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation|url=http://inc.in/about-congress/history/literature/6-Congress-and-the-Making-of--the-Indian-Nation/27-Indira-Gandhi|publisher=Academic Foundation, New Delhi|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207085106/http://inc.in/about-congress/history/literature/6-Congress-and-the-Making-of--the-Indian-Nation/27-Indira-Gandhi|archive-date=7 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 1969 || [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]<ref>Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). ''India after Independence 1947-2000'', New Delhi:Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0-14-027825-7}}, p.236</ref> || [[K. Kamaraj]] [[Morarji Desai]] || National || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Janata Party]]''
|-
| 1969 || [[Utkal Congress]] || [[Biju Patnaik]] || [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Janata Party]]''
|-
| 1969 || [[Telangana Praja Samithi]] || [[Marri Chenna Reddy]] || [[Andhra Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1971 || [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]] || Sukumar Roy || [[West Bengal]] || ''active'' ''part of the [[Left Front (West Bengal)]]''
|-
| 1977 || [[Congress for Democracy]]<ref>{{cite book|title=320 Million Judges|author=G. G. Mirchandani|pages=90–100|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2003|isbn=81-7017-061-3}}</ref> || [[Jagjivan Ram]] || National || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Janata party]]''
|-
| 1978 || [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] || [[Indira Gandhi]] || National || Recognised by the Election Commission as the INC in 1983
|-
| 1979 || [[Indian National Congress (Urs)]] || [[D. Devaraj Urs]] || [[Karnataka]] [[Kerala]] [[Maharashtra]] [[Goa]] || ''defunct'' 
|-
| 1980 || [[Congress (A)]] || [[A. K. Antony]] || [[Kerala]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1981 || [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)]]<ref name=tension>Andersen, Walter K.. ''India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension'', published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135</ref> || [[Sharad Pawar]] || [[Karnataka]] [[Kerala]] [[Maharashtra]] [[Goa]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1981 || [[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)]]<ref name="tension"/> || [[Jagjivan Ram]] || [[Bihar]] || ''defunct''
|-
| 1984 || [[Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jun11/spotlite.htm | title = Spotlight: Merger with NCP | work = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | date = 1999-06-11 | access-date = 2009-10-25}}</ref> || [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]] || [[Assam]]|| ''active'' ''Major faction of the party merged with [[Nationalist Congress Party]]. However a residual faction still exists in [[Kerala]] as a part of [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Front]].''
|-
| 1986 || [[Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress]] || [[Pranab Mukherjee]] || [[West Bengal]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1988 || [[Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/05/stories/2006040518720200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409053933/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/05/stories/2006040518720200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-04-09|title=From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues |date=2006-04-05|author=Ashok Kumar|access-date=2009-10-25|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> || [[Sivaji Ganesan]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Janata Dal]]''
|-
| 1990 || [[Haryana Vikas Party]] || [[Bansi Lal]] || [[Haryana]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC in 2004''
|-
| 1994 || [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200901|title=A Sleight Of Hand|date=2004-04-03|author=Bhavdeep Kang|publisher=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref> || [[Narayan Datt Tiwari]] [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] [[Natwar Singh]] [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]] || [[Uttar Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1994 || [[Karnataka Congress Party]] || [[Bangarappa]] || [[Karnataka]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1994 || [[Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress]] || [[Vazhapadi Ramamurthy]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1996 || [[Karnataka Vikas Party]] || [[Bangarappa]] || [[Karnataka]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1996 || [[Arunachal Congress]] || [[Gegong Apang]] || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1996 2014 || [[Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1819/18191180.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011218214144/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1819/18191180.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 December 2001|title=Crusading Congressman|date=2001-09-15|author=T.S. Subramanian|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref> || [[G. K. Moopanar]] 1996-2001 [[G. K. Vasan]] (2014–present) || [[Tamil Nadu]] || ''active'' ''merged with INC in 2001'' ''split again from INC in 2014''
|-
| 1996 || [[Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress]] || [[Madhavrao Scindia]] || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1997 || [[Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress]] || [[Vazhapadi Ramamurthy]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || ''defunct''
|-
| 1997 || [[Himachal Vikas Congress]] || [[Sukh Ram]] || [[Himachal Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1997
|| [[Manipur State Congress Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1905/19050150.htm|title=A fractured verdict in Manipur|date=2002-02-02|author=Kalyan Chaudhuri|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728034710/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1905/19050150.htm|archive-date=28 July 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref> || [[Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh]] || [[Manipur]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[RJD]]''
|-
| 1998 || [[All India Trinamool Congress]] || [[Mamata Banerjee]] || [[West Bengal]] || ''active'' ''left the alliance with INC''
|-
| 1998 || [[Goa Rajiv Congress Party]] || Francis de Souza || [[Goa]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Nationalist Congress Party]]''
|-
| 1998 || [[Arunachal Congress (Mithi)]] || [[Mukut Mithi]] || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1998 || [[All India Indira Congress (Secular)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/party/12ls50.htm|title=MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA|publisher=[[Parliament of India]]|access-date=2009-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201447/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/party/12ls50.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[Sis Ram Ola]] || [[Rajasthan]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1998 || [[Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/05/stories/2004040508740500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040703112803/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/05/stories/2004040508740500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-07-03|title=Pune set for triangular fight|date=2004-04-05|access-date=2010-11-12|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> || [[Suresh Kalmadi]] || [[Maharashtra]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 1999 || [[Bharatiya Jan Congress]] || [[Jagannath Mishra]] || [[Bihar]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Nationalist Congress Party]]''
|-
| 1999 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] || [[Sharad Pawar]] [[P.A. Sangma]] [[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]] || [[Maharashtra]] [[Meghalaya]] [[Bihar]] [[Kerala]]|| ''active'' ''in alliance with INC. In Kerala NCP is a member of the CPIM led Left Democratic Front, opposing INC led UDF''
|-
| 1999 || [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] || [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] || [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || ''active''
|-
| 2000 || [[Goa People's Congress]] || [[Francisco Sardinha]] || [[Goa]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 2001 || [[Congress Jananayaka Peravai]] || [[P. Chidambaram]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[indian national congress]]''
|-
| 2001 || [[Thondar Congress]] || [[Kumari Ananthan]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 2001 || [[Pondicherry Makkal Congress]] || P. Kannan || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || ''defunct''
|-
| 2002 || [[Vidarbha Janata Congress]] || [[Jambuwantrao Dhote]] || [[Maharashtra]] || ''active''
|-
| 2002 || [[Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan)]] || [[Sheik Hassan]] || [[Goa]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''
|-
| 2002 || [[Gujarat Janata Congress]] || [[Chhabildas Mehta]] || [[Gujarat]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with NCP''
|-
| 2003 || [[Congress (Dolo)]] || Kameng Dolo || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''
|-
| 2003 || [[Nagaland People's Front]] || [[Neiphiu Rio]]||[[Nagaland]] || ''active''
|-
| 2005 || [[Pondicherry Munnetra Congress]] || [[P. Kannan]] || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with INC''
|-
| 2005 || [[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/01/stories/2005090108900400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205131817/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/01/stories/2005090108900400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-12-05|title= Karunakaran's party gets new name|date=2005-09-01|access-date=2009-10-25|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> || [[K. Karunakaran]] || [[Kerala]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Nationalist Congress Party]] and a large number of workers returned to the INC with [[K. Karunakaran]] later his son [[K. Muraleedharan]] also returned to INC ''
|-
| 2007 || [[Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)]] || [[Kuldeep Bishnoi]] || [[Haryana]] || ''merged with INC''
|-
| 2008 || [[Pragatisheel Indira Congress (PIC)]] || [[Somendra Nath Mitra]] || [[West Bengal]] ||''defunct'' ''merged with [[All India Trinamool Congress]]''
|-
| 2011 || [[YSR Congress Party]] || [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]] || [[Andhra Pradesh]] || ''active''
|-
| 2011 || [[All India N.R Congress]] || [[N. Rangaswamy]] || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || ''active''
|-
| 2014 || [[Jai Samaikyandhra Party]] || [[Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]|| [[Andhra pradesh]] || ''defunct'' ''merged with [[Indian National Congress]]''
|-
| 2016 || [[Chhattisgarh Janata Congress]] || [[Ajit Jogi]] || [[Chhattisgarh]] || ''active''
|-
| 2021 || [[ Punjab Lok Congress]] || [[ Captain Amarinder Singh]] || [[Punjab,India|Punjab]] || ''active''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/mis-Political_Parties/Constitution_of_Political_Parties/ConstitutionOfINC.pdf

== External links ==
* [http://www.aicc.org.in Official All India Congress Committee website]
* [http://www.congress.org.in/ Official Indian National Congress website]

{{Indian National Congress}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
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[[Category:Political schisms]]

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List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties