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Bodo Sahitya Sabha

2021-08-26T03:08:53Z

2403:3800:3217:5E49:8DBD:9A4:63D:84BC:

{{no footnotes|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Bodo Sahitya Sabha
| native_name = बर' थुनलाइ आफाद/Boro Thunlai Afad
| native_name_lang = Bodo
| named_after =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = logo of Bodo Sahitya Sabha
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| map =
| map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = BSS
| motto = BORO RAO GEOLANGTHWNG
बर राव गेवलांथों
| predecessor = | merged = | successor =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1952|11|16}}
| founder = | founding_location = | extinction = 
| merger =
| type = Non political organization
| tax_id = | registration_id = 
| status =
| purpose = To promote [[Bodo culture]] and literature
| headquarters = Rupnath Brahma Bhawan, [[Kokrajhar]], [[Bodoland Territorial Region]], [[Assam]]
| location =
| coords = {{coord|26.2006|92.9376|display=inline, title}}
| region = [[Bodoland]]
| services =
| products = | methods = | fields = | membership = | membership_year =
| language = [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
| owner = | sec_gen =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Taren Boro
| leader_title2 = Secretary
| leader_name2 = Prasanta Boro
| leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = {{url|http://www.bodosahityasabha.org}}
| remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }}

The '''Bodo Sahitya Sabha''' promotes the [[Bodo language]] and Bodo literature.

It was founded under the presidency and leadership of [[Joy Bhadra Hagjer]], at [[Basugaon]], in the district of [[Kokrajhar]], Assam on 16 November 1952. It consisted of representatives of [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Nagaland]], [[Tripura]] and [[Nepal]] in abroad.

== Early work ==
After India obtained independence, a critical mass of [[Bodo people|Bodo]] intellectuals realized the need for preservation of Bodo language. Many early Bodo authors studied in schools and colleges, where medium of instruction was either [[Assamese language|Assamese]] or [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. Bodo intellectuals felt that Bodo language must be preserved and developed at par with Assamese and Bengali languages. Bodo people realized very late that the education was the key component to the overall development of Bodo people and their language. After prolonged struggle and determination of the Bodo Sahitya Sabha (Bodo Literary Organization), the Bodo language was introduced as a medium of instruction at primary level in 1963 and then at secondary level in 1968. Bodo language and literature has been recognized as one of the Major Indian Languages (MIL) in Gauhati, Dibrugarh and North-Eastern Hill Universities. In 1985, Bodo has been recognized as an associated state official language of Assam.

== BODO SAHITYA SABHA CELEBRATION==
The 58th Annual Conference of Bodo Sahitya Sabha got commenced with a three day long programme at Daimalu High School playground, Gohpur in [[Biswanath district|Biswanath]] district of [[Assam]] on 22 January 2019.

== Recent development ==
Now the language has attained a position of pride with the opening of the Post-Graduate Courses in Bodo language and literature in the [[Gauhati University|University of Gauhati]] in 1996 and in [[Bodoland University]], [[Kokrajhar]]. Moreover, under the aegis of the commission for Scientific and Technical terminology, HRD Ministry, the Govt. of India, the Bodo Sahitya Sabha is preparing more than forty thousand scientific and technical terms in Bodo language. Further, it is promised, the Sahitya Academy would accord "Bhasa Sonman"(respect for language) to the Bodo language and literature as an initial token of full-fledged recognition to it. Furthermore, the Govt. of India, in principle, has recognized the necessity of inclusion of the Bodo language and literature in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India]].

== Contributions ==
Moreover, the Bodo Sahitya Sabha has to its credit a large number of books on prose, poetry, drama, short story, novel, biography, travelogue, children's literature & criticism.

== Presidents ==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
| [[Joy Bhadra Hagjer]]
| 1952-1966
|-
| [[Satish Chandra Basumatary]]
| 1966-1968
|-
| Gauri Kt. Brahma
| 1968-1974
|-
| Ramdas Basumatary
| 1974-1977
|-
| Lakheswar Brahma
| 1977-1980
|-
| Ramdas Basumatary
| 1980-1983
|-
| Jogendra Kr. Basumatary
| 1983-1990
|-
| Kamal Kr. Brahma
| 1990-1993
|-
| Moni Ram Mochari
| 1993-1996
|-
| [[Bineshwar Brahma]]
| 1996-2000 (Aug.)
|-
| Daleswar Boro (Acting)
| 2000-2002 (Aug.)
|-
| Brojendra Kr. Brahma
| 2002-2008
|-
| [[Kameshwar Brahma]]
| 2008-2017
|-
|Taren Boro
|2017- present
|}

== See also ==
* [[Bodo people]]
* [[Bodo language]]
* [[Asom Sahitya Sabha]]
* [[Bodoland]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://bodosahityasabha.org/ Official website of Bodo Sahitya Sabha]
* [http://www.assamportal.com/bodo-sahitya-sabha/ Bodo Sahitya Sabha]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140324095726/http://www.assamportal.com/presidents-of-bodo-sahitya-sabha/ Presidents of Bodo Sahitya Sabha]
* [https://discoverbodoland.com Discover Bodoland]

[[Category:Culture of Assam]]
[[Category:Bodo]]
[[Category:Indic literature societies]]

Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj

2021-08-26T02:01:58Z

2403:3800:3217:5E49:8DBD:9A4:63D:84BC:

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox militant organization
| name = Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj
| logo = Akhil-Bharat-Nepali-Ekta-Samaj.png
| logo_size = 100px
| caption =
| leader = Bhot Bahadur thapa hemraj Singh gaman khtri
| dates =
| area = [[Northeast India]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Bihar]] ([[India]])
| ideology = [[Maoism]]<br>[[Greater Nepal]]
| status = Designated as terrorist organisation by: <br>{{flag|India}}
}}

'''Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj''' (ABNES) is a group founded in 1979 in [[Varanasi]], [[India]], whose stated purpose is to work for the unity amongst, and welfare of [[Nepalese people]] residing in India.<ref name="satp">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/ABNES.htm |title=Extremist Group — Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES) |publisher=Satp.org |date= |accessdate=2012-10-09}}</ref> On July 2002 it was declared a [[terrorist organisation]], and banned by the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mha.gov.in/uniquepage.asp?Id_Pk=292 |title=::Ministry of Home Affairs |publisher=Mha.gov.in |date=2011-12-07 |accessdate=2012-10-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425132802/http://mha.gov.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292 |archivedate=25 April 2013 }}</ref><ref name="satp"/>

Following this designation, Janardhan Thapa, an executive member of the group's central committee, announced that they would change their name and focus on "social and cultural activities".<ref name="satp"/>

Translated into [[English Language|English]] from [[Hindi]], the group is roughly called the 'All India Nepalese Integration Society.'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=hi&tl=en&text=अखिल%20भारत%20नेपाली%20एकता%20समा |title = Google Translate}}</ref>

Gradually it evolved into being a front organization for the Maoist insurgents of Nepal. ABNES was registered in the northern Indian, sacred Hindu city of Varanasi(Benaras), in 1979. Varanasi has a very old tradition of maintaining linkages with Nepal and Nepalese.

==Leadership==

The Delhi-based Ram Prasad Sharma is reportedly the president of ABNES. Raju Nepali is the reportedly the general secretary of the organization and is based in [[Chennai]], in the southern Indian State of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Amrit Thapa, who resides in the eastern Indian metropolis of [[Kolkata]], in [[West Bengal]], which borders Nepal, is believed to be the vice president of ABNES. Its most active leader in Delhi was ABNES secretary Bamdev Chettri, an employee at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], till he was arrested on September 6, 2002 and subsequently deported. Reports indicate that Chettri went underground in June 2002. Police arrested him on September 6, 2002.

==Objectives==

This organization was registered with the stated objective of securing unity among immigrant Nepalese residing in India and working for their welfare. However, ABNES gradually became involved in terrorism and began to function as a front for the Maoist insurgents of Nepal. It is also believed that the organization is working for the proliferation of greater Nepal idea.

==Area of activity and cadres==

Over the past few years, ABNES has established an extensive network all over India. It has a strong base in northern Bengal and is active in Northeast India, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, in areas inhabited by ethnic Nepalese, and in stretches bordering Nepal.

The organization has a fairly large cadre base and an expanding membership, though their numbers is not known.

==Linkages==

ABNES has links with the Nepal Maoists and it works as a front organization for them. A youth organisation known as the Akhil Bharatiya Nepali Vidyarthi Sangh, headed by a Kolkata-based girl named Saraswati Mohra, is closely linked to the activities of ABNES.

==Activities==

Available information indicates that ABNES is actively engaged in raising funds for the Maoist insurgents as well as in recruiting cadres for the insurgents from among the Nepalese settlers in India. Its extensive network is also used to provide shelter to insurgents who either flee onslaughts by the security forces of Nepal or are injured in battles with them. Reports further indicate that ABNES has been extending support to secession elements in the Kalapani area. Also, it is believed that they have ties with left-wing extremists– of the People’s War Group (PWG) and Maoist Communist Centre (MCC), who have strong ties with the Maoist insurgents. The PWG, MCC and the Maoist insurgents are members of a left-wing extremist coalition, Coordinating Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations in South Asia (CCOMPOSA), which was founded in mid-2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Extremist Group - Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES)|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/ABNES.htm|access-date=2021-07-22|website=www.satp.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Terror outfits}}

[[Category:Communist militant groups]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
[[Category:Maoist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist in Asia]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1979]]
[[Category:Terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
{{India-org-stub}}
{{Terrorism-stub}}