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Girija Shankar Bajpai

2021-08-30T05:17:15Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox civil servant
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCSI|KBE|CIE|ICS}}
| image = Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru with Girja Shankar Bajpai.jpg
|caption = Girja Shankar Bajpai with the Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in the first [[1948 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference|Commonwealth Prime Ministers conference]] in 1948 in [[London]].
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]] (now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]] (now [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]])
| order =
| office = 1st Secretary General, [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]
|term_start = 1947
|term_end = 1952
|primeminister = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|predecessor = position established
|successor = [[N. R. Pillai]]
|birthname =
| birth_date ={{birth date|1891|4|3|df=y}}<ref name="bajpai">{{cite book|pages=127|title=The India Office and Burma Office List: 1945|publisher=Harrison & Sons, Ltd.|year=1945}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1954|12|05|1891|04|03|df=y}}
|nationality = British Indian (1891-1947) Indian (1947-1954)
|alma_mater = [[University of Allahabad]], [[Merton College, Oxford]]
|children = 7 (4 daughters; 3 sons), including [[Uma Shankar Bajpai]]
}}
'''Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCSI|KBE|CIE|ICS}} (3 April 1891 – 5 December 1954) was an Indian civil servant, diplomat and Governor.

==Early life and education==
Bajpai was born in [[Allahabad]] to an orthodox [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]] family originally from [[Lucknow]].<ref name="Times_obit">{{cite news |author= |title=Sir Girija Bajpai: Architect of Indian Diplomacy |work=The Times |date=6 December 1954 }}</ref> He was the second son of [[Rai Bahadur]] [[Pandit]] Sir Seetla Prasad Bajpai [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] (1865 - 1947), who in the course of his career served as Chief Justice and Minister of Justice of Jaipur State and was knighted in 1939.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34585/supplements/3 London Gazette, 2 January 1939]</ref> and to Rukmine Shukla (18?? - 1945).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oxford Index BAJPAI, Seetla Prasad, Rai Bahadur (1865 - 1947), Chief Justice and Judicial Member of Council, Jaipur, Rajputana|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U222158|chapter=Bajpai, Sir Seetla Prasad, Rai Bahadur, (19 April 1865–1 Feb. 1947), Chief Justice and Judicial Member of Council, Jaipur, Rajputana|year=2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Bajpai, Sir Girja Shankar (1891-1954), administrator and politician in India|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/30544|year=2004}}</ref> He was initially educated at [[Muir Central College]], from where he received a King's Scholarship to Oxford, taking a B.A. from [[Merton College, Oxford]].<ref name=Marquis>{{cite web|title=BAJPAI, Sir Girja Shankar.|url=http://www.credoreference.com/entry/marqwas/bajpai_sir_girja_shankar|work=Marquis Who Was Who in America 1607–1984.|publisher=Marquis|accessdate=27 October 2012}}{{Subscription required|via=[[Credo Reference]]}}</ref><ref name="MCreg">{{cite book|editor1-last=Levens|editor1-first=R.G.C.|title=Merton College Register 1900-1964|date=1964|publisher=Basil Blackwell|location=Oxford|page=83}}</ref>

==Career==
He entered the [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] on 16 October 1915.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=29348 |date=2 November 1915 |page=10785 |supp= |nolink=y}}</ref> He began his career in the (then) United Provinces as an assistant collector and magistrate, receiving a promotion to joint magistrate in May 1918.<ref name="bajpai"/> In April 1921, he was appointed as a secretary to [[V. S. Srinivasa Sastri]], and served in this capacity until November 1922.<ref name="bajpai"/> He was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[1923 New Year Honours]] list.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32782 |date=29 December 1922 |page=10 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref> From 1923 to 1930, Bajpai served in the Department of Education, Health and Lands, rising from under-secretary in September 1923 to deputy secretary (officiating) in March 1924 and to deputy secretary in June 1926.<ref name="bajpai"/> The secretary of a Government of India delegation to South Africa in 1926, he was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in that year's Birthday Honours List.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33179 |date=2 July 1926 |page=4406 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref> He was promoted to secretary (officiating) in the department of Education, Health and Lands in December 1927 and to joint secretary in November 1929.<ref name="bajpai"/>

From November 1930 to January 1931, Bajpai was a member of the British Indian delegation to the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|First Round Table Conference]] in London, and was promoted to the rank of collector and magistrate in October 1931. After a brief posting to South Africa from December 1931 to August 1932, he was appointed as a full secretary in the Department of Education, Health and Lands,<ref name="bajpai"/> and was knighted as a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) in the 1935 Birthday and Silver Jubilee Honours List.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34166 |date=31 May 1935 |page=3612 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref> In March 1940, Sir Girija was appointed as one of the six members of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]], the colonial version of a Cabinet, having previously served as a temporary member of the council from 1935 to 1936.<ref name="bajpai"/><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34831 |date=16 April 1940 |page=2252 |supp= |nolink=y}}</ref> In October 1941, he was appointed the [[Agent-General]] (roughly equivalent to an ambassadorial post) to the USA for India.<ref name="bajpai"/> He was appointed a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI) in that year's Birthday Honours List.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=36033 |date=28 May 1943 |page=2420 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref>

Sir Girija was known for his ethics, oratory, strong will and far-reaching vision. It is said he warned Prime Minister Nehru about the potential for a Chinese invasion more than a decade before it happened.<ref name=Outlook>{{cite web|last=Bajpai|first=K.S.|title=Weightlifting|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262753|publisher=Outlook Magazine|accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=Letter>{{cite news|title=Letter from Deputy Prime Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to Prime Minister Jahawarlal Nehru|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20121016/edit.htm#7|accessdate=28 October 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=16 October 2012}}</ref> He represented India in numerous international forums in the 1930s and 1940s, including at the UN during the Kashmir debate.<ref name=Marquis /> American diplomat Mr Vincent Sheean has mentioned in his book "Nehru – The Years of Power" that it was a technical error on part of the team headed by Mr Girija Bajpai which filed India's appeal to the UN Pakistan's invasion in Kashmir which led to the issue being considered a dispute rather than an act of aggression by Pakistan. The appeal should have been made under Chapter 7 of the UN charter rather than Chapter 6.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sheean|first1=Vincent|title=Nehru: The Years of Power|url=https://archive.org/details/nehrutheyearsofp010782mbp|date=1960|publisher=Random House}}</ref>

Following the independence of India from the British Raj in 1947, Prime Minister Nehru retained Sir Girija as his principal foreign affairs adviser, appointing him the first Secretary General in the Ministry of External Affairs.<ref name=Kapur>{{cite book|last=Kapur|first=Harish|title=Foreign Policies of India's Prime Ministers|year=2009|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Delhi|isbn=9780979617485|pages=444|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQkH1fIiZI0C&q=N.%20R.%20Pillai%20ambassador%20china&pg=PA32}}</ref>

==Later years and death==
Bajpai had experienced poor health for some years, and the pressures of the immediate post-Independence years took their toll. In failing health by 1952, he was appointed as the Governor of Bombay State by Nehru, in part to allow him to recuperate. He recovered his health sufficiently to represent India the following year at the UN conferences on the Kashmir dispute, which were held at Geneva. Following his return to India, Sir Girija fell seriously ill in early 1954.<ref name="Times_obit"/> He died in office of a [[cerebral haemorrhage]] in the early morning of 5 December 1954, aged 63. He lay in state in the audience hall of Raj Bhavan, his body draped with the tricolour as citizens, political leaders and consular officials filed past. Later that day, with thousands of people lining the streets, his corpse was conveyed to the crematorium in a gun carriage drawn by detachments of the army, navy, air force and the Mumbai Police. He was cremated with full ceremonial honours, including a 17-gun salute, fired as his eldest son, [[Uma Shankar Bajpai]], lit the funeral pyre.

The (then) Vice President of India, [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], delivered a eulogy in which he said Bajpai's life had been "an example of devotion and dedication" which would be long remembered.<ref name="Hindu report">{{cite news|title=This day that age – December 6, 1954|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/06/stories/2004120600270901.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829104950/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/06/stories/2004120600270901.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 August 2005|accessdate=28 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 December 2004}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sir Girija Bajpai was known for his wealth and lifestyle. He always dressed impeccably and was considered an authority on clothes, fine wines and carpets. His ethics and strong sense of family responsibility led him to pay off his brother's debts, some of which were run up in his name, several times in an effort to preserve the family's reputation.

Bajpai was married to Rajni Misra of Kanpur, with whom he had four daughters and three sons; [[Uma Shankar Bajpai]], Durga Shankar Bajpai and [[Katyayani Shankar Bajpai]], all who became diplomats.<ref name="Times_obit"/> [[Kanti Bajpai]], the son of Uma Shankar, is a noted academic.

He was an early notable in [[Scouting and Guiding in India]], and worked to unify their scattered organisations during the pre-independence era.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{NPG name |id=89406}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Governor of Bombay]]
|before=[[Raja Maharaj Singh]]
|after=[[Hare Krishna Mahtab]]
|years=1952–1954}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajpai, Girija Shankar}}
[[Category:Scouting and Guiding in India]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Indian diplomats]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Governors of Bombay]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Allahabad]]
[[Category:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford]]

Josh Malihabadi

2021-08-24T20:11:48Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| pre-nominals = [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI]] [[Padma Bhushan|PB]]
| name = Josh Malihabadi
| image = Josh Malihabadi.jpg
| caption = Josh (1949)
| other_names = Shayar-e-Inquilab
| birth_name = Shabbir Hasan Khan
| birth_date = 5 December 1898
| birth_place = [[Malihabad]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1982|2|22|1898|12|5}}
| death_place = [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]]
| occupation = Poet, Thinker, Visionary, Linguist
| nationality = [[India]]n (till 1956) [[Pakistani]] (1956 till death)
| citizenship =
| education = St. Peter's College [[Visva-Bharati University]]
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement = [[Progressive Writers' Movement]]
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1954) by the [[Government of India]] [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]] (2013) by the [[President of Pakistan]]
| portaldisp =
| image_size = 220px
| influences =
| influenced =
}}

'''Josh Malihabadi''' (born '''Shabbir Hasan Khan'''; 5 December 1898 – 22 February 1982) popularly known as '''Shayar-e-Inqalab''' (poet of revolution) is regarded as one of the finest Urdu poets of the era of [[British India]]. Known for his liberal values and challenging the established order, he wrote over 100,000 couplets and more than 1,000 [[Rubāʿiyāt|rubaiyat]] in his lifetime. His wrote ''Yaadon ki Barat'', his autobiography which is noted for its frank and candid style. The first Prime Minister of India, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] held him in high esteem and frequently attended the mushaira at Lala Kishan Lal Kalra's United Coffee House where Josh performed.<ref name=AsianVoice>{{cite news|url=https://www.asian-voice.com/News/India/Josh-Malihabadi%E2%80%99s-defection-to-Pakistan |newspaper=Asian Voice (weekly newspaper)|author=Hari Desai|title=Josh Malihabadi's defection to Pakistan |date=13 February 2017|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=Dawn/><ref name=TheNation2>{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/22-Feb-2017/remembering-the-revolutionary-poet-josh-malihabadi|author=Iftikhar Alam|title=Remembering the revolutionary poet Josh Malihabadi|newspaper=The Nation (newspaper)|date=22 February 2017|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/josh-in-old-delhi/article28371814.ece | location=Chennai, India |newspaper=The Hindu (newspaper) | title=Josh in Old Delhi... | date=27 May 2002 |accessdate=18 January 2021}}</ref>

He was an Indian citizen until 1956, when he emigrated to [[Pakistan]] and became a Pakistani citizen. Some of his works were translated to English like ''The Unity of Mankind'' elegies by Josh Malihabadi by Syed Akbar Pasha Tirmizi who was a [[Pakistani]] citizen and a high court [[advocate]].

==Early life==
Josh was born to an Urdu-speaking Muslim family of [[Afridi Pashtun|Afridi]] Pathan origin in [[Malihabad]] (13 miles from Lucknow), [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], British India.<ref name=AsianVoice/> He received early education in Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English at his home.<ref name=TheNation2/><ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/the-life-and-times-of-josh/article28547832.ece|title=The life and times of Josh Malihabadi|author=Diwan Singh Bajeli|newspaper=The Hindu (newspaper)|date=18 July 2019|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> He studied at St Peter's College, [[Agra]] and passed his [[Senior Cambridge]] examination in 1914. Subsequently, he studied [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] and, in 1918, spent six months at [[Rabindranath Tagore|Tagore's]] [[Visva-Bharati University|university]] at [[Shantiniketan]]. The death of his father, Bashir Ahmed Khan, in 1916, prevented him from undertaking a college education.

His family had a long tradition of producing men of letters. Indeed, his great-grandfather, Nawab Faqeer Muhammad Khan'Goya', grandfather Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Khan, paternal uncle Ameer Ahmad Khan and father Basheer Ahmad Khan were all poets with numerous works (poetry collections, translations, and essays) to their name.<ref>[http://malihabad.blogspot.com/2008/05/malihabad-oasis-of-poets.html "Malihabad: An Oasis of Poets"] by Dr. Navras Jaat Aafreedi, ''Azad Academy Journal'', XIX, 3</ref>
Another of his relative was the journalist, scholar and [[Abul Kalam Azad]]'s confident, [[Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi]].<ref>Ghulam Akbar, ''He was not hanged'', Midas (1989), p. 109</ref><ref name=TheNation2/>

==Career==
In 1925, Josh started to supervise translation work at [[Osmania University]] in the princely state of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]]. However, his stay there ended when he found himself exiled for writing a ''[[nazm]]'' against the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], the then ruler of the state.<ref name=AllPoetry/>

Soon thereafter, he founded the magazine ''Kaleem'' (literally, "speaker" in Urdu), in which he wrote articles in favour of independence from the [[British Raj]] in India. His poem Hussain aur Inquilab (Hussain and Revolution) won him the title of ''Shaair-e-Inquilaab'' (Poet of the Revolution). Subsequently, he became more actively involved in the freedom struggle (albeit, in an intellectual capacity) and became close to some of the political leaders of that era, especially [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] (later to be the first Prime Minister of independent India).<ref name=AsianVoice/><ref name=AllPoetry/>

After the end of the British Raj in India in 1947, Josh became the editor of the publication ''Aaj-Kal''.<ref name=AllPoetry>[https://allpoetry.com/Josh-Malihabadi Biography of Josh Malihabadi on allpoetry.com website] Retrieved 19 January 2021</ref>

==Josh in Pakistan==

Josh migrated to Pakistan in 1956 - despite Jawaharlal Nehru's insistence against it - over what is generally believed to be his concern regarding the future of Josh and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] language in [[India]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/06/stories/2002100600210400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630232658/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/06/stories/2002100600210400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=30 June 2003 | location=Chennai, India | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=Partition's unresolved business | date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=TheHindu/> where he thought the [[Hindu]] majority would encourage the use of [[Hindi]] rather than [[Urdu language|Urdu]]. After migration, Josh settled in [[Karachi]] and worked for [[Anjuman-i-Tarraqi-i-Urdu]].<ref name=TFL>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Josh+Malihabadi+remembered+on+his+31st+death+anniversary.-a0320041947 Josh Malihabadi remembered on his 31st death anniversary] The Free Library website, Retrieved 19 January 2021</ref><ref name=AllPoetry/>

==Death and legacy==
Josh remained in Pakistan until he died on 22 February 1982 in [[Islamabad]].<ref name=TheNation2/> [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz|Mustafa Zaidi, Faiz Ahmad Faiz]] and Syed Fakhruddin Balley were the closest companions and friends of Josh and Sajjad Hyder Kharosh (son of Josh).<ref name=Dawn/> [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]] visited [[Islamabad]] during his illness and Syed Fakhruddin Balley remained entirely engaged with Josh and Sajjad Hyder Kharosh.<ref name=Dawn>[https://www.dawn.com/news/607275/biography-josh-the-man-the-vision Biography of Josh Malihabadi on Dawn (newspaper)] Published 19 February 2011, Retrieved 18 January 2021</ref> Renowned poet Faiz, who coincidentally landed in Pakistan on February 22, 1982 after a long self-imposed exile to meet [[General Zia Ul-Haq]], the then military ruler of Pakistan, and complained to him for not attending Josh’s funeral, and after listening to Zia’s lame-duck excuse, he retorted, 'No Bigger person will be buried in this land ever again.'<ref name=Dawn/>

Professor Ehtesham Hussain was the first eminent figure who started working on Josh’s Biography, with his implied consent. He was in the early stages of his work, when suddenly Josh migrated to Pakistan. It's evident that the scholar Ehtesham lost his passion and never completed the work. Professor Mohammad Hassan, a prominent scholar of Ehtesham’s lineage, then wrote a nearly 100 page epilogue on Josh in 1987, that will soon be published by JLSC, Calgary. [[Hilal Naqvi]], eminent poet and researcher almost devoted his entire life in gathering and publishing Josh’s work. The list of Josh’s admirers are so long and over a span of nearly 100 years, but the most prominent contributors and writers amongst them include, professor Ehtesham Hussain, [[Rais Amrohvi]], [[Mustafa Zaidi]], Sehba Luckhnavi, Professor Qamar Raes, Ali Sardar, Professor Mumtaz Hussain, Ali Ahmed Fatmi, Shahid Mahuli of Ghalib Institute, Delhi, India, Professor [[Sahar Ansari]], Rahat Saeed, [[Jaun Elia]], [[Muhammad Ali Siddiqui]], Professor Hasan Abid, Jaffar Ahmed, [[Parvin Shakir]], [[Iqbal Haider]], Shaista Rizvi.<ref name=TFL/><ref name=Dawn/>

Moreover, Josh’s maternal grandson Farrukh Jamal Malihabadi, Josh Malihabadi's granddaughter [[Tabassum Akhlaq]] has also carried over the legacy of his poetry. Presently, famous artist Fahim Hamid Ali is working on a unique and contemporary presentation of Josh.<ref name=Dawn/>

Josh Literary Society of Canada (JLSC) was formed by Iqbal Haider, Arshad Vasti, Shaista Rizvi, Naheed Kazmi, Nighat Haider, Hasan Zaheer, Dr. Aqeel Athar, Alim Ghaznvi , Abdul Qavi Zia and others in February 1983 in Calgary, Canada.

JLSC convened its first literary conference in Calgary in February 1986 under the title of '''Josh - The Poet of the Century''', with a keynote article by the eminent scholar Professor Mumtaz Hussain.

Then Josh Society and Irteqa Foundation of Karachi together commemorated Josh Centennial a 3-day, mega literary event in Karachi, followed up by other one day programs in Delhi, Allahabad, Lucknow, Lahore, Hyderabad and Dubai. Josh Literary Society has published and reprinted 14 books on Josh. JLSC has also convened and celebrated many other Centennials or seminars like [[Firaq Gorakhpuri]], [[Majaz Lucknawi]], [[Mustafa Zaidi]], [[Juan Elia]], [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], Rashid, [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]] and [[Ismat Chughtai]].<ref name=TFL/>

The '''Josh Memorial Committee''' was formed in 1986 by Tabassum Akhlaq and she is the current chairperson. The committee organises seminars on Josh Malihabadi's personality, history and literary work. These seminars are usually held on his birthday and death anniversary (on 5 December and 22 February respectively).<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1088874 Tributes paid to Josh Malihabadi] Dawn (newspaper), Published 23 Feb 2014, Retrieved 18 January 2021</ref>

In August 2012, the [[Government of Pakistan]] announced [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]] for Josh Malihabadi. This award was presented to his granddaughter and founding chairperson of Josh Memorial Committee, Tabassum Akhlaq by the [[President of Pakistan]], [[Asif Ali Zardari]] in a ceremony held in the [[Presidency]] on [[Pakistan Day]] 23 March 2013.<ref name=TheNation/>

The lifelong mission of Josh can be summed up in his own words:

{{cquote|Kaam hai mera taghayyur, Naam hai mera shabaab 
Mera naara: inquilab-o-inquilab-o-inquilab}}

{{cquote|My task is change, my name is youth! 
My slogan: revolution, revolution and revolution!}}<ref name=AsianVoice/>

A noted scholar and literary critic of Pakistan [[Pervez Hoodbhoy]] is quoted as saying about his poetry, "Poetry flowed from Josh's pen like water from a bubbling spring."<ref name=TheNation2/>

==Works==
These include:
{{Div col}}
* ''Aawaz-e-Haq'' (1921)<ref name=rekhta/><ref name=TFL/>
* ''Shola-o-Shabnam''<ref name=AllPoetry/>
* ''Junoon-o-Hikmat''
* ''Fikr-o-Nishaat'' (1937) and (1969)<ref name=rekhta/><ref name=AllPoetry/>
* ''Sunbal-o-Salaasal''
* ''Harf-o-Hikaayat''<ref name=AllPoetry/>
* ''Sarod-o-Kharosh''
* ''Rooh-e-Adab''
* ''Aayat-o-Naghmaat'' (1941)<ref name=rekhta/>
* ''Arsh-o-Farsh'' (1944) and (1973)<ref name=rekhta>[https://rekhta.org/poets/josh-malihabadi/ Books by Josh Malihabadi on Rekhta.org website] Retrieved 18 January 2021</ref>
* ''Saif-o-Subu''
* ''Sumoom-o-Saba''
* ''Tulu-e-fikr''
* ''Qatra-o-Qulzum''
* ''Nujoom-o-Jawahar''
* ''Mauja-e-Fikr''
* ''Auraaq-e-Sahar''
* ''Ilhaam-o-Maqalaat-e-zarreen''
* ''Nawaredaat-e-Josh''
* ''Irfaniyat-e-Josh''
* ''Yaadon Ki Baraat'' (autobiography)<ref name=AsianVoice/><ref name=Dawn/><ref name=TheNation2/>
{{Div col end}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Song !!Singers !!Song lyrics by !!Film and year
|-
|''Ae Watan Hum Hain Teri Shama Ke Parwanaun Mein''
|[[Masood Rana]] and [[Ahmed Rushdi]]
|Josh Malihabadi
|film Aag Ka Darya (1966)
|-
|''Hawa Se Moti Baras Rahein Hain, Faza Tarane Suna Rahi Hai''
|[[Noor Jehan]]
|Josh Malihabadi
| Aag Ka Darya (1966 film)
|-
|}

On the advice of film director [[W. Z. Ahmed]], Malihabadi also wrote songs for Shalimar Pictures. One of the films is ''Aag Ka Darya (1966)'' with music by Ghulam Nabi Abdul Latif.<ref>[http://www.citwf.com/film2632.htm Aag Ka Darya (1966 film) on Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website] Retrieved 18 January 2021</ref><ref name=AllPoetry/>

==Honours and awards==
*[[Padma Bhushan]] Award, India's third highest civilian honour in 1954.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=18 January 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2014 }}</ref>
*The Title of "The Poet of the Century" was given by the "QAFLA-PERA'O" Lahore, announced by the QAFLA_SALAR Syed Fakhruddin Balley, Jawaid Ahmad Qureshi, [[Wazir Agha]], [[Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi]] and [[Ashfaq Ahmad]], in 1992.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
*Kamal-e-Sukhan Award was announced for Hazrat Josh Mallihabadi by The Old Boys Association EMERSON College, [[Multan]] in 1999.
*[[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]] (Crescent of Excellence) [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistan’s]] second highest civilian honor on 23 March 2013.<ref name=TheNation>(Associated Press of Pakistan) [https://nation.com.pk/national/24-Mar-2013/president-decorates-civil-and-mily-awards-on-pakistan-day Hilal-i-Imtiaz Award info on The Nation (newspaper)] Published 24 March 2013, Retrieved 18 January 2021</ref>
*[[Ali Sardar Jafri]] captured Josh's biography in a serial named [[Kahkashan]] aired on [[DD National]]

==References==
{{reflist|40em}}

==External links==
*[https://rekhta.org/poets/josh-malihabadi/ Josh Malihabadi at Rekhta.com] (Roman Script)
*[http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80 Josh Malihabadi at Kavita Kosh] (Hindi)
*[http://www.jakhira.com/search/label/josh-malihabadi/ Josh Malihabadi at Jakhira.com] (Hindi)

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malihabadi}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Malihabad]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Pakistani Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:People of British India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Karachi]]
[[Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Urdu-language theologians]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language translators]]
[[Category:Linguists of Urdu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Pakistani songwriters]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]

Kanhaiya Lal Misra

2021-08-24T19:55:41Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image = Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra.tiff
|name = Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra
|term_start = 22 May 1952
|term_end = 9 March 1969
|office = Advocate General (U.P.) [[India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1903|08|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mau district|Mau]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1975|10|14|1903|08|31|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
}}

'''Pt.''' '''Kanhaiya Lal Misra''' (31 August 1903 - 14 October 1975) was an Indian lawyer and independence activist. He was the Advocate General of [[Uttar Pradesh]] from 1952 to 1969.

{{quote|The judicial wheel is rounded with equality, oiled with honour and functions smoothly with honesty – principally when both members of the Bench and Bar shoulder their responsibilities seriously|''Pt.Kanhaiya Lal Misra''}}

== Early life ==
Misra was born in a [[Brahmin]] family of Mariyadpur (now in Mau) in district Azamgarh of Uttar Pradesh. As he was born on [[Krishna Janmashtami]] his parents named him Kanhaiya Lal. He was the eldest of four sons and one daughter of Baidnath Misra, a civil and a criminal lawyer, at the Azamgarh Bar, and a long-serving M.L.C.

==Advocate General U.P. (India)==
[[File:Sketch of Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra.tiff|left|alt=Pt. K.L. Misra pencil sketch - Munindra Misra.|Pt. K.L. Misra Pencil Sketch by Munindra Misra]]

Misra was the fourth Advocate General of the state of Uttar Pradesh since the creation of the position of Advocate General in 1937, the year that saw the formation of the first responsible representative government in the province by the Indian National Congress, under [[Government of India Act 1935|the Government of India Act, 1935]]. He held this position for 17 years - 1952 till 1969 - during which period different political parties across the political spectrum were elected and formed the government. This remains a record as of date - October 2015.

He resigned as Advocate General U.P. in 1969 - the year his wife died.

[[Advocate General]]s appointed till Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra:<ref>http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/MyPredecessorsinOfficeKLMisra.pdf</ref>
* First Advocate General 1937
- ''Dr. Narain Prasad Asthana''
** Second Advocate General 1942 and First Advocate General of Pakistan 1947
- ''Mr. Mohammad Wasim''
** Third Advocate General 1947
- ''Sir Peary Lal Banerji''
** Fourth Advocate General 1952 till 1969
- ''Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra''

== Marriage and children ==
[[File:Smt Gayatri Devi (Wife).tiff|thumb|upright|alt=Gayatri Devi (wife).|Smt.Gayatri Devi (Wife)]]

Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra married twice.

His first marriage was to Savitri Devi who bore two children Shanti (daughter) and Vijay Prakash (son).

After the demise of Savitri Devi, he married Gayatri Devi who gave birth to the remaining children: Ravindra Prakash (son), Justice Ajay Prakash (son), Jyoti (daughter), Priti (daughter), Ranjan (son) and Munindra (son).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Misra|first1=Munindra|title=Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra - My Father|date=3 June 2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing|location=India|isbn=978-1482818567|pages=202|edition=First}}</ref>

Smt Gayatri Devi died on 29 April 1969.

== Timeline ==

Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra studied at [[Varanasi|Banaras (Varanasi)]] in the [[Besant Theosophical School|Theosophical School]] under Dr. Mrs. [[Annie Besant|Annie Beasant]].

'''1925''' - Graduated with honours in Economics securing 91% marks in English.

'''1926''' - Sat for the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Indian Civil Service]] Examination and securing 150/150 in the English paper, an unbreakable record. However, due to his student day's speeches of freedom and his influence by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] he was not selected.

'''1927''' - Passed his Law Examination and joint the District Bar.

'''1930''' - October, shifted to the [[Allahabad High Court]]. He had an exceptional command of the Hindi, English and Urdu language.

'''1942''' - Imprisoned during the [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom struggle]] in the [[Naini Central Prison|Naini Central Jail]] along with [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], [[Purushottam Das Tandon|P. D. Tandon]]<ref>http://pdtandon.in/?page_id=1309</ref> and others.

'''1951''' - Offered Judgeship but on his request he was reluctantly not appointed. He attained eminence in the legal field with his flare of advocacy, depth of learning, sweet trapping court craft, humility, and a photogenic memory. His simplicity and brilliance was his landmark.

'''1952''' - Appointed Advocate General, U.P. and continued till 9 March 1969 irrespective of the political party which came to power during this period.

'''1955''' - Offered Supreme Court Judgeship (being the first advocate to receive such distinction) without being a judge. He requested through the Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court – [[Allahabad High Court#Former Chief Justices|Justice B. Malik]], the then [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]] and Home Minister to spare him which again they did reluctantly. His reason was that he wanted to be in public life, serving institutions and the public at large.

'''1969''' - Resigned as Advocate General U.P. - the year his wife expired.
[[File:Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra speaking.tiff|thumb|left|alt=Pt. K.L. Misra Speaking at Allahabad High Court Centenary 1966.|[http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/publications.html Pt. K.L. Misra Speaking at Allahabad High Court Centenary Celebrations 1966]]]
[[File:Pt K.L. Misra playing cricket.tiff|thumb|upright|alt=Pt. K.L. Misra fielding during Allahabad High Court Centenary Cricket Match 1966.|Pt. K.L. Misra fielding during Allahabad High Court Centenary Cricket Match 1966]]
As Advocate General U.P. he was closely associated with the Government and the [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]:
* [[Govind Ballabh Pant|Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant]],
* [[Sampurnanand|Dr. Sampurnanand]],
* [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta|Sri C.B. Gupta]],
* [[Sucheta Kriplani|Smt. Sucheta Kripalani]] and
* [[Charan Singh|Sri Charan Singh]].

He attained excellence in the legal profession in the country and appeared in most [[List of High Courts of India|High Courts]] and [[Supreme Court of India]]. During the time he was Advocate General of U.P. and even thereafter he appeared for several states of the country in important cases, viz. Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal etc.

Some famous cases conducted by him were the ''Blitz case'' in the Bombay High Court, [[Belgaum border dispute|''Maharashtra – Mysore boundary dispute'']]'','' case of Sri [[Partap Singh Kairon|''Pratap Singh Kairon'']], for States of West Bengal and Bihar, in-famous ''Symbol Case'' before the Election Commission, [[Gorakhnath|''Gorakhnath Case'']] in the Supreme Court and in the case against ''Murdhra'' etc. He had the distinction of appearing against almost all the top advocates of the country.

He appeared successfully for the state of Bihar against the Raja of Ramgarh in the Calcutta High court. He commanded the top position on both civil and criminal side and attained the position of a legal luminary and senior advocate.

Pt. K.L. Misra conducted on behalf of the ruling [[History of the Indian National Congress|Congress]], the [[Indian National Congress#Election symbols|Indian Congress Party Symbol Case]] in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], was also responsible for defending the State Government in the State [[Zamindar|Zamindari Abolition]] case and defended for some time [[Indira Gandhi|Mrs Indira Gandhi]], the Prime Minister, in her [[State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain|election petition case]] at the [[Allahabad High Court]] prior to his falling ill and thereafter the case was handed over to Mr. Sri Satish Chand Khare,<ref>http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/SCKhareATributeKNSingh.pdf</ref> Senior Advocate. Mrs Gandhi subsequently lost this case which led to [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] being imposed in India

== Social works ==

[[File:Kanhaiya Lal Misra.jpg|thumb|Advocate General U.P. INDIA 1952-69]]
He was the Chairman of the [http://www.upbarcouncil.com/OldMemberDetail/FarmerChariman.aspx Bar Council] (17/12/1961 to 09/03/1969), President of the Bar Association of Allahabad,<ref>http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/HistoryoftheHighCourtBarAssociationSNVARMA.pdf</ref> President of the [[Harish-Chandra Research Institute|Harish Chandra Research Institute]] and member of its executive council, President of the [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]], President of the {{ill|Hindi Sahitya Sammellan|hi|अखिल भारतीय हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन|vertical-align=sup}} to name a few. He also had the honour to serve the [[Allahabad University]] as its Hon' Treasurer and as a member of its executive council and also judged answer papers of the Law examination way above the L.L.B. degree that he held as his personal educational qualification in Law.

A relatively unknown trait of Punditji was his poetry writing capabilities (in Hindi) when emotionally charged - like on demise of his wife, Gayatri Devi.<ref>[https://medium.com/lawyer-advocate/poem-on-demise-of-wife-gayatri-devi-49cb75d3aa29 https://medium.com/lawyer-advocate/poem-on-demise-of-wife-gayatri-devi-49cb75d3aa29]</ref>

== Demise ==

{{quote|Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra, former Advocate General U.P., India, a leading luminary and a prominent Congress leader died of heart failure on 14 October 1975 morning at his Park Road residence on [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]]. His cremation took place with State Honours in the evening (sunset) of the same day, on the banks of 'sangam' – the point of mergence of the rivers Ganga and Jamuna|''16th Oct. 1975, Northern India Patrika, Allahabad (U.P.) India''.}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Kanhaiya Lal Misra#cite note-6|Sri Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<ref>http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/K_L_Misra_Many_Splendoured_Man.html</ref>
* 'Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra - My Father' ''by Munindra Misra'' {{ISBN|978-1482818550}}
* 'Courting Destiny' ''by [[Shanti Bhushan]]'' {{ISBN|978-0670082186}}
* 'Before Memory Fades: An Autobiography' ''by [[Fali Sam Nariman|Fali S. Nariman]]'' {{ISBN|978-9381431450}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|Kanhaiya Lal Misra}}
* [http://klmisra.zohosites.com/ Pt. K.L. Misra, Advocate General U.P.]
* [https://medium.com/@munindramisra/poem-on-demise-of-wife-gayatri-devi-49cb75d3aa29#.jgwqvr1ym Poem by Pt. K.L. Misra]
* [https://medium.com/lawyer-advocate/primary-duty-of-an-officer-of-the-court-f8904c3f422e Some Articles by Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra]
* [http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/K_L_Misra_Many_Splendoured_Man.html Many Splendoured Man] by Sri [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]] ([[Allahabad High Court]] Centenary)
* [http://munindramisra.wix.com/klmisra Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra]
* [https://kanhaiyalalmisra.wordpress.com Pt. K.L. Misra]
* [http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/publications.html Allahabad High Court Centenary Celebration (1866-1966) Vol. 1 & 2 and Post Centenary Silver Jubilee Celebration (1866-1991) Vol. 1 & 2]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VASEJ_JAqCo&list=PLQm4_U3FzkfRPqPvOyUdKsIoA2bfp53da Keynote Address on the 100th Birth Anniversary of Pt. K.L Misra - Lecture on Spirituality and Law]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Misra, Kanhaiya Lal}}
[[Category:Advocates General for Indian states]]
[[Category:Advocate General Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian solicitors]]
[[Category:Indian legal scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Senior Counsel]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:Quit India Movement]]
[[Category:Senior Advocates in India]]
[[Category:Allahabad High Court]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh]]
[[Category:People from Mau]]
[[Category:Politicians from Allahabad]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh politicians]]
[[Category:Scholars from Allahabad]]

Akhlaq Mohammed Khan

2021-08-22T16:02:18Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Akhlaq Mohammed Khan Shahryar
| image =
| caption = Shahryar during Jnanpith Award 2008
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|6|16}}
| birth_place = [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2012|02|13|1936|6|16}}
| death_place = [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Educator, poet and lyricist
| nationality = Indian
| period =
| genre = [[Ghazal]], [[Nazm]]
| subject = Love, philosophy
| movement =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website =
| awards = [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu|Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1987) [[Jnanpith Award]] (2008)
}}
'''Akhlaq Mohammad Khan''' (16 June 1936 – 13 February 2012), better known by his ''[[takhallus]]'' '''Shahryar'',''''' was an Indian [[academician]], and a doyen of [[Urdu poetry]] in India.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110925231836/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/05/stories/2007080561160300.htm Shahryar, Faraz recite at mushaira ] [[The Hindu]], 5 August 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-30Sep04-Print-Edition/163109200453.htm Renowned Urdu Poet.. ] .milligazette.com. 16–30 September 2004.</ref> As a [[Bollywood|Hindi]] film lyricist, he is best known for his lyrics in ''[[Gaman]]'' (1978) and '' [[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' (1981) directed by [[Muzaffar Ali]]. He retired as the head of Urdu Department at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]], and thereafter he remained sought after name in ''[[mushaira]]s'' or poetic gatherings, and also co-edited the literary magazine ''Sher-o-Hikmat''.<ref name=toi12/>

He was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in Urdu for ''Khwab Ka Dar Band Hai'' (1987), and in 2008 he won the [[Jnanpith Award]], the highest literary award and only the fourth Urdu poet to win the award.<ref name=toi12>{{cite web | title = Umraao Jaan lyricist passes away | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Umraao-Jaan-lyricist-passes-away/articleshow/11882478.cms?referral=PM |date=14 February 2012| accessdate = 13 March 2014 | work = The Times of India}}</ref> He has been widely acknowledged as the finest exponent of modern Urdu poetry.

==Early life and education==
Shahryar was born at [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]], [[Bareilly]] to a [[Muslim]] family.<ref name=toi12/> His father Abu Mohammad Khan was posted as a Police Officer, though the family hailed from village Chaundhera in [[Bulandshahr District]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-25/india/28270456_1_jnanpith-selection-board-muslim-rajput-family-akhlaq-khan-shahryar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001028/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-25/india/28270456_1_jnanpith-selection-board-muslim-rajput-family-akhlaq-khan-shahryar | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 September 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Jnanpith for Malayalam poet Kurup, Urdu scholar Shahryar | date=25 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article793350.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Malayalam, Urdu writers claim Jnanpith awards | date=24 September 2010}}</ref> In his childhood days, Shahryar wanted to be an athlete but his father wanted him to join the police force. It is then that he ran away from home and was guided by [[Khaleel-Ur-Rehman Azmi]], the eminent Urdu critic and poet. To earn a living, he started teaching Urdu fiction at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] where he later studied and got his PhD.<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|last=Salam|first=Ziya Us|title=Shahryar (1936–2012): The poet who gave Umrao Jaan her voice|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article2893025.ece|accessdate=19 February 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 February 2012|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> He received his early education at Bulandshahr and later studied at Aligarh Muslim University.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA3950&dq=Shahryar+Urdu+poet&sig=k-81CEMZgTKyn5JDAFP9gOpBnRA Shahryar] Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 5. Page 3950.</ref>

==Career==
Shahryar started his career as a literary assistant at ''Anjuman Tarraqqi-e-Urdu''. After that he joined [[Aligarh Muslim University]] as a lecturer in Urdu. He was appointed professor in 1986 and in 1996, he retired as chairman of the Urdu Department. He co-edited the literary magazine ''Sher-o-Hikmat'' (Poetry and Philosophy).<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=9&section=0&article=70995&d=2&m=10&y=2005 Professor Shahryar, one of India’s most critically acclaimed poets..] [[Arab News]] 1 October 2005.</ref>

===Literary career===
His first poetry collection ''Ism-e-azam'' was published in 1965, the second collection, ''Satvan dar'' (''Satva yet'' in English), appeared in 1969 and the third collection titled ''Hijr ke mausam'' was released in 1978. His most celebrated work, ''Khwab Ke dar band hain'', arrived in 1987, which also won him the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in Urdu for that year. In addition, he published five collections of his poetry in [[Urdu]] script.<ref name=Urdustudies>{{cite web|title=Author info|url=http://www.urdustudies.com/auinfo/shahryar.html|work=Shahryar biography|publisher=Urdustudies.com|accessdate=19 February 2012}}</ref> In 2008, he became the fourth Urdu writer to win the [[Jnanpith Award]], after [[Firaq]], [[Ali Sardar Jafri]], and [[Qurratulain Hyder]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Poet, lyricist, Jnanpith Winner |url=http://blogs.outlookindia.com/default.aspx?ddm=10&pid=2331&eid=5 |publisher=Outlook |accessdate=13 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522014953/http://blogs.outlookindia.com/default.aspx?ddm=10&pid=2331&eid=5 |archivedate=22 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jnanpith Laureates | publisher = Bharatiya Jnanpith | url = http://jnanpith.net/page/jnanpith-laureates | accessdate = 13 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120218122436/http://www.jnanpith.net/page/jnanpith-laureates | archive-date = 18 February 2012 | url-status = dead}}</ref>

===Lyricist===
Shahryar wrote lyrics for select films, from Aligarh where he was approached by filmmakers. Muzaffar Ali and Shahryar were friends from their student days, and Shahryar had shared some of the ghazals with him. Later when Ali made his directorial debut with ''[[Gaman]]'' in 1978, he used two of his ghazals ''Seene Mein Jalan Ankhon Mein Toofan Sa Kyun Hai'' and ''Ajeeb Saneha Mujhpar Guzar Gaya Yaaron'' in the film, and they are still considered classic. All his [[ghazal]]s from ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'', 'Dil Cheez Kya Hai Aap Meri Jaan Lijiye', 'Ye Ka Jagah Hai Doston', '[[In Ankhon Ki Masti Ke|In Aankhon Ki Masti Ke]]' etc. are among the finest lyrical works in Bollywood. He also wrote for [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Faasle]]'' (1985), thereafter Chopra offered him three more films to write for, but he refused as he didn't want to become a "song shop".<ref name=hindu12/> Though he wrote for Muzaffar Ali's ''[[Anjuman (1986 film)|Anjuman]]'' (1986). He also left behind unfinished contributions to Ali's ''[[Zooni]]'' and ''Daaman''.

==Death==
Shahryar died on 13 February 2012 in [[Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh]], after a prolonged illness due to lung cancer.<ref name=hindu12>{{cite web
| title = Shahryar (1936–2012): The poet who gave Umrao Jaan her voice |work= The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article2893025.ece|date=14 February 2012| accessdate = 13 March 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130714220655/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-14/mumbai/31058623_1_sahitya-akademy-award-urdu-literature-jnanpith-award Noted poet Shahryar passes away] ''The Times of India,'' 14 February 2012</ref>

Shahryar is survived by three children, Humayun Shahryar, Saima Shahryar and Faridoon Shahryar.

==Awards==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu|Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu]] for his poetry collection, ''Khwab Ka Dar Band Hai'' (1987).<ref>[http://www.indianmuslims.info/people/list_of_sahitya_akademi_award_winners.html List of Sahitya Akademi Award Winners in Urdu] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130132859/http://www.indianmuslims.info/people/list_of_sahitya_akademi_award_winners.html |date=30 January 2013 }}</ref>
* The fourth Urdu writer to win the [[Jnanpith Award]] – 2008.
* Firaaq Samman
* Bahadur Shah Zafar Award.

Four thesis have been written on Shahryar's works.

==Selected bibliography==
* ''Ism-e-azam'', 1965.
* ''Satvan dar'', 1969.
* ''Hijr ke mausam'', 1978.
* ''Khwab Ke dar band Hain'', 1987.
* ''Neend ki Kirchen'' – (English: ''Shards of Shattered Sleep'') .
* ''Through the Closed Doorway: A Collection of Nazms by Shahryar'', tr. Rakhshanda Jalil. 2004, Rupa & Co., {{ISBN|81-291-0458-X}}.
* Shahryar, Akhlaq Mohmmad Khan : ''Influence of the western criticism on the Urdu criticism'', Aligarh.
* Dhund ki Roshni (English: ''The Light of Dusk''): Selected Poems of Shahryar, 2003, [[Sahitya Akademi]], {{ISBN|81-260-1615-9}}.

==Further reading==
Urdu language and literature: Critical Perspectives, New Delhi, 1991.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0787565}}
* [http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article2893025.ece The poet who gave Umrao Jaan her voice]

{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Akhlaq Mohammed (Shahriyar)}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly district]]
[[Category:People from Aligarh]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University faculty]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]

Aonla Uttar Pradesh

2021-08-22T15:58:02Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{Other uses|Aonla (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Aonla
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Aonla Gate 01.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Entry Gate to the town
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.28|N|79.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
District Magistrate - Shri Nitish Kumar(IAS)

Sub Divisional Magistrate- Shri Vishu Raja(IAS)

Judicial Magistrate-Shri Ravi Kumar Sagar(PCS-J)

Tehsildar- Shri Sharmnanand(PCS)
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 237
| population_total = 55629
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 243301
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05823
| registration_plate = UP-25
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Aonla''' is a town and a [[municipal board]] in [[Bareilly district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Name==
The name ''Aonla'' may be derived from the aonla tree, ''[[Phyllanthus emblica]]''.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Bareilly - A Gazetteer |date=1911 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |page=186-96 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.47989 |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>

==History==
Aonla was a stronghold of the [[Katehria]] Rajputs by at least the 14th century. By the time of [[Akbar]] it was the seat of a [[pargana]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It is mentioned in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a pargana in the [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]] of [[Budaun]], producing a revenue of 690,620 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and a force of 400 infantry and 50 cavalry to the Mughal army.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=290 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> The pargana of Aonla survived almost completely unchanged until the 20th century, although c. 1835 it was expanded by the addition of 14 villages from the [[Ajaon]] pargana, including Ajaon itself.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Aonla's period of greatest importance, however, was during the 1700s. In 1730, the [[Rohilla]] leader [[Ali Mohammed Khan|Ali Muhammad Khan]] had the local Katehria ruler, Duja Singh, assassinated; Ali Muhammad Khan then took over Aonla and made it his capital. Aonla served as the capital of the Rohilla confederation for more than a quarter of a century, and many Rohilla leaders were buried here. According to local tradition, the city had no fewer than 1,700 [[mosque]]s at its height. After the Rohillas moved their capital to [[Bareilly]], Aonla quickly lost its importance, and its many monuments fell into ruin. In 1813 it was made the seat of a [[tehsil]], and it grew to become an important town again, with thriving commerce and a large export of [[grain]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Around the 20th century, Aonla was described as a very dispersed town with four distinct quarters, separated by cemetery fields and old ruined mosques. The first quarter was Aonla Khas, also called Ganj or Qila. The name "Qila" was derived from the eponymous brick fort where the Rohillas had held court. The qila, entered from the street by a plain and unimposing gate, consisted of two separate yards. In the outer yard was the open-pillared ''diwan-khana'' or [[Audience (meeting)|audience]] hall, and in the inner yard were several buildings which had previously served as the tehsil office and police station but, by the early 20th century, had fallen into decay. Across the street from the qila was the mosque of Bakhshi Sardar Khan. Another mosque was that of Fateh Khan Khansaman, which had 12 domes but was in disrepair at the time. The largest mosque in the quarter was called the Begam's mosque. The Aonla Khas quarter had two main streets, each lined with brick houses; the largest house belonged to the respected family known as the Aonla Hakims.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

The second quarter was called Pakka Katra, after the high brick wall that surrounded it. Pakka Katra was densely populated and served as the main business center of the town. On the south side of this quarter was a large walled enclosure containing the tomb of Ali Muhammad Khan, maintained by his descendant, the Nawab of [[Rampur State]]. Outside the enclosure there was an ornate masonry tank with steps leading down to the water, surrounded by many more Rohilla tombs. The last two quarters were Sarai (to the east of Pakka Katra, near the road to Budaun) and Kachcha Katra (extending to the west towards [[Manauna]]).<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Aonla was made a [[notified area]] in 1908. Markets were held twice a week in two marketplaces, one called the Maharaj Datt Ram and the other called the Deputy Sahib. Its streets were narrow and largely unpaved, and there was a [[railway station]] on the north side of town, closest to the Aonla Khas quarter. The tehsil offices were located to the northeast, and there was a police station, two post offices, a cattle-pound, a dispensary, a middle vernacular school, and a girls' school.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 census of India, Aonla has a population of 55,629, including 29,231 males and 26,398 females. [[Schedule Caste]]s (SC) constitute 7.56% of the total population; there are no [[Schedule Tribe]]s in the area.

== Administration ==
Aonla is administered by a Nagar Palika Parishad (municipal body), for which elections are held every 5 years. The Parishad is divided into 26 wards.
Aonla is also a tehsil headquarter. It is headed by a Sub Divisional Magistrate incharge of revenue and criminal administration.
Aonla has total 369 revenue villages.

==Industry==

[[File:Aonla(2).jpg|thumb|iffco aonla plant]]Oil Industry - HPCL Depot

Places to Visit
*Shri Ahichchhatra Parshvanath Atishaya Teerth Kshetra Digambar Jain Mandir, Ramnagar
*Begum's Masjid jor three lofty domes
*Ramnagar Fort
*Bhim's Gada, Ramnagar
*Ancient Site, Ramnagar
*Puraina Mandir, Aonla
*Tedeshuar Mandir, Aonla

== Transport ==
The city is served by the [[Aonla railway station]].

==Notable people==
*[[Akhlaq Mohammed Khan]] 'Shahryar' – Educator, poet and lyricist

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bareilly district]]

{{Bareilly-geo-stub}}

Kavita Seth

2021-08-22T15:35:13Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Kavita Seth
| image = Kavita Seth in a concert.JPG
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1970|09|14}}
| birth_place = [[Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = [[Sufi]], [[playback singing]]
| occupation = Playback singer, singer of [[ghazal]]s, [[Sufi music]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.kavitaseth.com}}
}}
'''Kavita Seth''' (born 14 September 1970) is an Indian singer, who is most known as a playback singer in [[Hindi cinema]], as well as a performer of [[Ghazal]]s and [[Sufi music]], and leads a Sufi musical group, ''Karwaan Group''.<ref name=st>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/money-and-careers/article351812.ece|title=Sufi and soul|date=1 April 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=19 April 2010|location=Chennai, India|first=Harshikaa|last=Udasi}}</ref><ref name=sc>[https://uvmp3.com/ecbdaf/kavita-seth-performs-at-sufi-concert.html Kavita Seth performs at Sufi concert] [[Screen (magazine)|Screen]], 30 January 2009.</ref>

She won the [[Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] in 2010 for her classical Sufi rendition "''Gunja Sa Koi Iktara''" for the film ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' (2009).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article123631.ece|title=Amitabh Bachchan, Vidya Balan claim top honours |date=28 February 2010 |work=The Hindu|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She also won the [[Star Screen Award for Best Female Playback]] for the same song, which was one of the biggest chartbusters in 2009.<ref name=it>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Music-and-Lyrics/595934/|title=Music and Lyrics|date=26 March 2010|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=19 April 2010}}</ref><ref name=id>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/song-sung-true/520919/ |title=Song Sung True |date=24 September 2009 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005064634/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/song-sung-true/520919/ |archive-date=5 October 2012 }}</ref>

==Early life==

She was born in [[Bareilly]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=it/>

After her marriage she moved to Delhi, where she started performing for [[All India Radio]] (AIR) and [[Doordarshan]].{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}} Meanwhile, she also did her post graduation in Music, ''Sangeet Alankar'' from [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya]], Delhi and received [[Master of Arts|MA]] degree in Hindi literature from the [[University of Delhi]].{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}

==Career==
[[File: Kavita Seth.jpg|thumb|upright|Seth at the [[Jagjit Singh]]'s anniversary]]
She first started performing at the Khan-kahe Niyazia [[Dargah]], in [[Bareilly]], and in public shows and musical concerts.{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}

Kavita specialises in [[Sufi]]-style singing although she also sings geet, ghazal and folk songs. Over the years she has performed at live shows at London, Birmingham, Scotland, Berlin, Oslo and Stockholm and places across India. It was at one of her performance at [[Muzaffar Ali]]'s International Sufi Festival concert, in Delhi that director Satish Kaushik heard her and offered a song "''Zindagi ko Maula''", in his film, the Amisha Patel starrer, ''[[Vaada (film)|Vaada]]'' (2005), marking her debut as a playback singer.<ref name=st/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=12222|title=VISHESH Break|date=24 March 2006|publisher=Screen}}{{dead link|date=December 2015}}</ref> Subsequently, she moved to [[Mumbai]], as this was followed by, ''"Mujhe Mat Roko"'' in [[Anurag Basu]]'s ''[[Gangster (2006 film)|Gangster]]'' (2006), for which she received praise.<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/01/03/2034/ When new female singers announced their arrival in 2006: 8. Kavita Seth]{{dead link|date=December 2015}} [[Bollywood Hungama]], 3 January 2007.</ref>

Besides singing she also composes music. She has composed three songs in [[N. Chandra]]'s film ''"[[Yeh Mera India]]"'' (2009).<ref>[http://www.screenindia.com/news/hard-work-always-pays/512341/ ‘Hard work always pays!’] Screen, 4 September 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009205101/http://www.screenindia.com/news/hard-work-always-pays/512341/ |date=9 October 2009 }}</ref> She has also released private albums, including, ''Woh Ek Lamha'', ''Dil-e-Nadan'' both Sufi ghazal albums, followed by Sufi music albums, ''Sufiana'' (2008) and ''Hazrat''. Her 2008 album ''Sufiana'', composed of couplets of Sufi poet-mystic, [[Rumi]] was released at the 800-year-old Khaman Pir Ka Dargah in [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_recreating-rumi-s-poetry_1306751|title=Recreating Rumi's poetry|date=3 November 2009|publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=18493 Mission Sufi]{{dead link|date=December 2015}} [[Screen (magazine)|Screen]], 4 January 2008.</ref>

==Awards and nominations==

{{awards table}}
|-
| rowspan=6| 2010
| rowspan=6| ''[[Wake Up Sid]]''
| '''[[Filmfare Awards]]'''
Best Female Playback Singer – "Iktara"
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| '''[[Star Screen Award]]'''
Best Female Playback Singer – "Iktara"
Best New Talent in Music
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| '''[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]'''
Best Female Playback Singer – "Iktara"
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| '''[[Stardust Award]]'''
New Musical Sensation (Female) – "Iktara"
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| '''[[Global Indian Music Award]]'''
Best Playback Singer (Female) – "Iktara"
Popular Singer of the Year
Song of the Year – "Iktara"
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| '''GR8 FLO Women Award'''
Women Achiever Award
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2012
| rowspan=2 | [[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]
| '''Big Entertainment Awards 2012'''
"Tumhi Ho Bandhu"
| {{won}}{{Citation needed|date= August 2018}}
|-
| '''[[5th Mirchi Music Awards]]'''
[[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]] – "Tum Hi Ho Bandhu"
| {{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/nomination.html|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012|website=www.radiomirchi.com|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>
|}

==Filmography==

===Playback singer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Film
! Year
! Song name
|-
| ''[[Vaada (film)|Vaada]]''
| 2005
| Maula
|-
| ''[[Gangster (2006 film)|Gangster]]''
| 2006
| Mujhe Mat Roko
|-
| ''[[Wake Up Sid]]''
| rowspan=2| 2009
| Iktara
|-
| ''[[Yeh Mera India]]''<ref name=yeh>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/filmography/13540/index.html Kavita Seth Filmography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615082748/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/filmography/13540/index.html |date=15 June 2009 }} [[Bollywood Hungama]]</ref>
| 'Aap roothe rahe' 'Dil Mandir' 'More Naina'
|-
| ''Admission Open''<ref>[http://www.musicaloud.com/2010/05/01/admissions-open-music-review/ Music Review of Admissions Open]</ref>
| rowspan=3| 2010
|
|-
| ''[[Raajneeti]]''
| Mora Piya (Trance Mix)
|-
| ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]''
| Baangur
|-
| ''[[Trishna (2011 film)|Trishna]]''
| 2011
| 'Raunakein' 'Lagan lagi' 'Khari Khari'
|-
| ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''
| rowspan=2| 2012
| Tumhi ho bandhu
|-
| ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]''
| Murabba (Duet)
|-
| ''[[Neerja]]''
| rowspan=3| 2016
| Jeete Hain Chal
|-
| ''[[Santheyalli Nintha Kabira]]''
| Navu premada huccharu
|-
| ''[[Waiting (2015 film)]]''
| Zara Zara
|-
| ''[[Begum Jaan]]''
|2017
| Prem Mai Tohre
|}

===Music director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Film
! Year
|-
| ''[[Yeh Mera India]]''
| 2009
|-
| ''[[My Friend Pinto]]''
| 2011
|-
| ''[[Cigarette ki Tarah]]''
| 2012
|}

==Personal life==
She has two sons, [[Kavish Seth]] and [[Kanishk Seth (musician)]], both of whom perform with her.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/filmi-parties/bollywood/Juhi-at-a-musical-do/articleshow/5719023.cms|title=Juhi at a musical do! |date=25 March 2010|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Her husband K.K.Seth died of pancreatitis on 15 December 2011, aged 48.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110190329&keyword=music&subcatg=MUSICINDIA&nid=158688|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120710175645/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110190329&keyword=music&subcatg=MUSICINDIA&nid=158688|archive-date=10 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Albums==
* ''Trance With Khusrow'' (2014)
* ''Ek Din'' (2012)
* ''Khuda Wohi Hai'' (2011)
* ''Bulleh Shah'' (2010)
* ''Kabirana Sufiana'' (2010)
* ''Sufiana'' (2007)
* ''Lagan Laagi Re''(2021)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayArticle.php?id=s090709042926 Kavita Seth Interview]

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2255404}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100407072747/http://www.desimusic.com/songs/singer/2432/kavita-seth.html Sufi Singer Kavita Seth Discography]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120302222657/http://www.mumbaipluses.com/westsideplus/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=10&contentid=2008041220080410162552193d7a300ee&sectxslt=&comments=true Sufi and the voice]
* [http://www.kavitaseth.com/ Sufi Singer Kavita Seth Website]
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleSinger}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seth, Kavita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bollywood playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian female film singers]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly]]
[[Category:Performers of Sufi music]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Indian female classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:1970 births]]

Laxmi Ganesh Tewari

2021-08-22T15:07:33Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{BLP sources|date=May 2011}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Laxmi Ganesh Tewari
| image = Laxmi Tewari photo.jpg
| caption = Laxmi G. Tewari performing, February 2007, photograph by Linnea Mullins
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|09|08|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Kanpur]], [[United Provinces (1937-50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| origin =
| instrument = [[singing]]
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = ethnomusicologist, singer
| years_active =
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}
Pandit '''Laxmi Ganesh Tewari''' (born 8 September 1938) is a [[Hindustani music|Hindustani]] vocalist from [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB091FFB385D11728DDDA00A94DA405B8084F1D3|title=Guide to Centers Of World's Arts In New York; ....|last=Crossette|first=Barbara|date=29 February 1980|work=[[New York Times]]|page=C1|accessdate=5 May 2011|quote=On Sunday at 2:30 PM there will be a concert of North Indian classical vocal music performed by Laxmi Ganesh Tewari, a specialist in the khyal form of music ...}}</ref> He is an exponent of the [[Gwalior gharana]] (tradition) of vocal music. After studying with Dr. [[Lalmani Misra]] at [[Banaras Hindu University]] in [[Varanasi]], he pursued education and teaching opportunities in America. At [[Sonoma State University]] since 1974, his career has combined performance, scholarship and teaching.

==Early life and education==

Born in 1938 in Kanpur, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, Tewari studied at Banaras Hindu University with Dr. Lalmani Misra, Pandit Madhav Vaman Thakar, and professor [[B. R. Deodhar]], earning a doctor of music degree in 1967. He moved to the United States to study at [[Wesleyan University]], where he earned a Ph.D. in ethnomusicology in 1974.

==Academic career==
Tewari has been on the faculty of Sonoma State University in California since 1974. Today he is one of the leading ethnomusicologists with an exemplary body of work on Indian, Buddhist, Arabian and Gamelan music. He has also made numerous recordings of his music; chief amongst them is his rendering of ''[[Sameshwari]]'', a [[Raga]] created by Dr. Lalmani Misra to preserve the notes of [[Samagana]] of [[Sama Veda]] period. He has conducted field research in India, Turkey, Trinidad & Tobago, Thailand, Fiji, Ghana, and Zimbabwe. In addition to his books and recordings, Tewari's articles have appeared in ''South Asia Research'', ''South Asia Journal'', and ''Asian Folklore Studies''.

==Books ==

*''A Splendor of Worship: Women's Fasts, Rituals, Stories, and Art''. New Delhi: Manohar, 1991.
*''Alhakhand ki Parampara''. Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademy, 1993.
*''Folk Songs of Trinidad Indians''. Port of Spain, Trinidad: SWAHA publications, 1994.
*''Singitendu Pandit Lalmaniji Misra: Ek Pratibhavan Sangitagya''. Santa Rosa, California: Svar Sadhana, 1996.
*''Svar Sadhana''. Santa Rosa, California: Svar Sadhana, 1998.
*''Folk Songs from Uttar Pradesh, India''. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2006.

==Discography==

'''Personal recordings'''
*'' Laxmi G. Tewari: Master Indian Classical Vocalist''. San Rafael, California: Alam-Madina, 1983.
*Background vocal music for ''Sacred Verses, Healing Sounds'', by Deepak Chopra (two audio cassettes). San Rafael, California: New World Library, 1994.
*''Morning Glory: Indian Classical Vocal Music''. Santa Rosa, California: Svar Sadhana, 1995.
*''Bhajan: A Rainbow of Devotional Songs''. Santa Rosa, California: Svar Sadhana, 1998.
*''Svaranjali''. Santa Rosa, California: Svar Sadhana, 2002.

'''Documentary recordings from field research'''
*''Turkish Village Music''. New York: Nonesuch Records, 1972.
*''Folk Music of India: Uttar Pradesh''. New York: Lyrichord Discs, 1975; reissued on CD with new material, 2006.
*''Nectar of the Moon: Vichitra Vina Music of Northern India''. Nonesuch Records, 1981.
*''Folk Music of Uttar Pradesh, India''. Traditional Music of the World Series. Berlin: International Institute for Comparative Music Studies, 1991.
*''Vichitra Vina Music from South Asia''. Anthology of Traditional Music. Paris: Auavidis/UNESCO, 1996.
*''Trinidad: Music from the North Indian Tradition''. Anthology of Traditional Music. Paris: Auavidis/UNESCO, 1999.
*''Celestial Music of Pandit Lalmani Misra''. Santa Rosa, California: Svar Sadhana, 2007.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://janhaag.com/MUtewari.html A Brief Introduction]
*[http://www.sonoma.edu/Depts/PerformingArts/Music/faculty/tewari.html Sonoma Department of Performing Arts]
*[http://www.omenad.net More about Artistes & Scholars]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tewari, Laxmi Ganesh}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Ethnomusicologists]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Indian musicologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Sonoma State University faculty]]
[[Category:Wesleyan University alumni]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Gwalior gharana]]

Abdul Halim Sharar

2021-08-22T14:47:48Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Abdul Halim Sharar
| image =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Abdul Halim Sharar
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1860|09|04}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[North-West Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1926|12|01|1860|09|04}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Novelist, poet, essayist, historian, playwright
| nationality = [[India]]n
| period = 1885–1926
| genre = Drama, nonfiction, history, personal correspondence
| notableworks = ''Firdaus-e-Bareen''; ''Zawāl-e-Baghdad''; ''Husn kā Daku''; ''Darbar-e-Harampur''; ''Guzishta Lucknow''
| influences =
| awards =
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}
'''Abdul Halim Sharar''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|عبدالحلیم شرر}}}}; 4 September 1860 – 1 December 1926)<ref name="Columbia Abdul Halim Sharar biography">{{cite web|title=Abdul Halim Sharar biography|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/shacklesnell/311sharar.pdf|publisher=columbia.edu|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Pollock2003">{{cite book|author=Sheldon I. Pollock|title=Literary Culture in History: Reconstructions from South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak9csfpY2WoC&pg=PA881|year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-22821-4|page=881}}</ref> was an Indian author, [[playwright]], essayist and [[historian]] from [[Lucknow]]. He left behind, in all, hundred and two books. He often wrote about the [[History of Islam|Islamic past]] and extolled virtues like courage, bravery, magnanimity and religious fervour. ''Malikul Azia Vārjina'' (1889), ''[[Firdaws-i Bareen|Firdaus-e-Bareen]]'' (1899), ''Zawāl-e-Baghdad'' (1912), ''Husn kā Daku'' (1913–1914), ''Darbar-e-Harampur'' (1914) and ''Fateh Maftūh'' (1916) are some of his famous novels.

His book ''Guzishta Lucknow'' is still considered as one of the best narrative describing the genesis of the city and its culture of Lucknow. "جویائے حق" "Juya-e-Haq" is one of his lesser known works, it's the story of Salman the Persian, one of Muhammad's companions.
It is based on the letters of Salman to Bahira a Christian religious figure in Syria, about his journey to Madina to find the last prophet and description of the Muhammad and his dealings.
Abdul Haleem Sharar added the original text of letters in biography of Salman the persian.

== Early life ==
Abdul Halim Sharar was born in [[Lucknow]] in 1860. His father Hakim Tafazzul Husain was a scholar of [[Islam]]ic religion and Persian literature. Sharar was educated at home where he learnt [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. After spending the first nine years of his life at Lucknow, Sharar joined his father at Matiya Burj in Calcutta in 1869, who was in the court of the exiled King of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah. Sharar remained at Matiya Burj till 1879, and he also contributed to the columns of the Urdu newspaper ''[[Avadh Akhbar]]'' as its Matiya Burj correspondent.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harcourt|first1=E.S.|title=Lucknow the Last Phase of an Oriental Culture|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563375-7|page=17|edition=seventh}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=HarhH}}</ref> He started learning Greek medicine system but did not finish it.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} In 1880 Sharar married his first cousin.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

== Works ==
'''فردوس بریں''' This Historical content tells us when a new sect was tried to invent and was named فرقہ باطنیہ (Sect of Spirituality) and their leaders conspired to rule out Islam and they established highly secret society and they created artificial Paradise. They would make people stunned by their network of spies. They would sneak up a person's personal life and would pretend to tell the hidden (غیب) then that person would become their devotee and would do anything they would demand. History shows they captured a lot of people and made them to kill many renowned people and Scholars (علماء). According to history Halaku Khan (ہلاکو خان) son of Ganges Khan or Changez Khan in Urdu چنگیز خان found these people and he disposed of them all.<ref name="Soul of a city">{{cite news|title=Soul of a city|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/06/02/stories/2002060200440600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040117020540/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/06/02/stories/2002060200440600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2002-06-02|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> He authored a magazine ''dil gudaaz'' initially from Luckhnow and later from [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] where he was in the service of [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Abdul Haleem Sharar [1860-1926]|url=http://www.mcrc.org.uk/Rais%20Academy.htm|work=mcrc.org.uk|access-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329094929/http://www.mcrc.org.uk/Rais%20Academy.htm|archive-date=29 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Abdul Haleem Sharar|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/shacklesnell/311sharar.pdf|work=columbia.edu|access-date=22 May 2013}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
{{Hatnote|In alphabetical order}}
* [[Firdaws-i Bareen|Firdaus-e-Bareen]]
* ''Hasan Angelina'' (1889)
* ''Guzishta Lucknow''
* ''Malikul Aziz Varjinia'' (1889)
* ''Mansur Mohana'' (1890)
* "Philpana"
Asray Qadeem

Firdaus Bareen

Islami Swaneh Umriaan

Darbar-E- Harampur

Afsana Qais...

Afsana e Mateen...

Agha Sadiq Ki Shadi...

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharar, Abdul Halim}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1926 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Scientists from Lucknow]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]

Indu Prakash Singh

2021-08-22T11:51:23Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Indu Prkash Singh
| image = Dr Singh Portrait.JPG
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|07|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 16 August 2002 (aged 71)
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| occupation = Indian Ambassador, Author, Civil Servant, Politician
| spouse = Asha Singh
}}

'''Indu Prakash Singh''' ('''I. P. Singh'''; 23 July 1931 – 16 August 2002) was an Indian philosopher, economist, politician, scholar, author<ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BKMEAQAAIAAJ|title=Commonism, the manifesto of a new social order|work=google.co.in|isbn=9788170992820|last1=Singh|first1=Indu Prakash|year=1991}}</ref><ref name="google.co.in1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DshHAAAAMAAJ|title=The aborted revolution|work=google.co.in|isbn=9780706949513|last1=Singh|first1=Indu Prakash|year=1990}}</ref> and former diplomat with the [[Indian Foreign Service]]. He served as General Secretary of the [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/preview.aspx?candid=268417&p=p&cid=48|title=Empowering India - Making democracy meaningful, Know our Representative & Candidate|work=empoweringindia.org}}</ref> and was also a member of the National Executive of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He served as Indian [[Ambassador]] to Nepal in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/12289/DR+INDU+PRAKASH+SINGH+has+been+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+Nepal+in+succession+to+Shri+Deb+Mukherjee|title=DR. INDU PRAKASH SINGH, has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Nepal in succession to Shri Deb Mukherjee|work=mea.gov.in}}</ref>
He died in office on 16 August 2002 after a long battle with Cancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020818/spotlite.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Spotlight|work=tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

==Early life==
Indu Prakash Singh was born in the city of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] to Dayawati Singh and Bhagwati Din Singh who was a Barrister at the time of the [[British Raj]]. His grandfather Suraj Bali Singh was a freedom fighter in the [[Indian independence movement]].

He finished his schooling from Madho Patti, Jaunpur, from where he did his undergraduate degree at [http://tdcollege.co.in/ Tilakdhari College], Jaunpur. He went on to do a M.A degree in Philosophy from Allahabad University from where he also received his PHd in 1958.

==Career==
He later joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in the batch of 1955, having stood first All-India IFS entrance examination. After administrative training in the state of [[West Bengal]] which included a spell at [[Santiniketan]], he joined the [[Oxford University]] for a special course in [[International relations]].
After serving in Indian [[Diplomatic mission|Diplomatic Mission]] in [[Cairo]], [[Beirut]], [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Kathmandu]], he was appointed India's Ambassador to [[Sudan]]. Subsequently, he served as Deputy High Commissioner and Acting High Commissioner of [[India]] in [[London]] and as ambassador in [[Madrid]] and [[Rangoon, Myanmar]]. He also served in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] and the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]] of the Government of India in various capacities.

As a diplomat, Dr. Singh had the opportunity to take part in a large number of international and bilateral meetings. Prominent among these were. The first Islamic Summit held in [[Rabat]] in 1969, the Indo-Pak meeting in [[Islamabad]] to resume diplomatic relations in 1976, the Non-aligned Coordination Bureau Foreign Ministers' Meeting in [[New Delhi]] in 1977 of which he was Secretary-General, and the meeting of the Common wealth Committee on Southern Africa to discuss the independence of [[Zimbabwe]].
He retired from the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in September 1989, after declining an offer of extension of service by the [[Government of India]].

==Political career==
Following his retirement in 1989, Dr. Singh entered political life joining the [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)]], which was then part of [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V.P Singh's]] [[Third Front (India)|National Front]]. He stood in the [[1989 Indian general election|1989 Lok Sabha elections]] from the Jaunpur constituency, U.P, with a Congress (S) ticket but was defeated by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP's]] Raja Yadavendra Dutt Dubey. He went on to become General Secretary of the Congress (S) in 1990.
{{Infobox person
|name=Dr I. P. Singh
|image=Dr Singh and Vajpayee.png
|caption=Dr Singh (Extreme Left) accompanying the then Minister of External Affairs, Shri [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and other dignitaries in the capacity of Joint Secretary Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan.
}}

In 1991, he launched his own [[Political party]] – the ‘Sajhawadi Party’ – modeled around the politico-economic ideology he had outlined in his last book – "Commonism – A Manifesto of a New Social Order". He had another failed attempt at standing for Lok Sabha from the Sajhawadi Party in the Delhi bi-election in 1992, which was won by [[Indian National Congress]] candidate and veteran [[Bollywood]] actor [[Rajesh Khanna]].

In 1995, Dr. Singh merged the Sajhawadi Party with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and became head of the BJP’s foreign cell. He became National Council Member of the BJP when the party briefly held power in 1998–99. During this period he became Chairman of the [http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/09__Politics/Bilaterals/Consultative__Group.html Indo-German Consultative Group] carrying a Cabinet Rank. He also served from 1999 to 2002 as Vice-Chairman of the Research and Information Systems (RIS) for Developing Countries – an autonomous think tank under the Ministry of External Affairs that specializes in policy research on international economic issues and development cooperation.

==Family==
Dr. Singh is survived by his wife and five children. His eldest daughter, Sujata Singh is an established Artist and teaches Art at [[The British School, New Delhi]]. His eldest son Rahul Kumar Singh is on the [[Board of Directors]] of Indian Company [http://www.severus.in Severus]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://companyinfoz.com/company/severus-india-private-limited|title=Severus India Private Limited|work=companyinfoz.com}}</ref> and was formerly married to Princess Gayatri Singh Bhati of [[Jaisalmer State]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalfamilyofindia.com/jaisalmer|title=JAISALMER|work=Royal Family Of India}}</ref> His youngest daughter, Dr Naveena Singh is an accomplished Pathologist at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]], [[London]] and is married to eminent artist [http://www.stuartrobertsonuk.com/ Stuart Robertson]. His second son Amitabh Singh is an Officer in the [[Indian Postal Service]] of the Government of India, Amitabh Singh's wife Kalpana Singh is also a [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretary]] to the Government of India. His youngest son, [http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/janmejay-singh Janmejay Singh] works for [[The World Bank]] in Washington D.C along with his wife, Ruchira Kumar who works at the [[International Finance Corporation]].

Indian [[Entrepreneurship|Entrepreneur]] [[Vijayraj singh|Vijayraj Singh]] is his Grandson.
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. I. P. Singh's Family Members
| image = Dr. I P Singh's Family.jpg
|caption=This photo shows the whole family members of Dr. I P Singh. MERGEDr. Singh (Second from right) with his Family members, Mrs. Asha Singh his wife (Third from left), Mr. Rahul Kumar Singh (Eldest Son, Extreme right), Amitabh Singh (Forth from left behind his parents), Dr Naveena Singh (Extreme left) and Janmejay Singh the youngest son of Dr Singh.(Standing with his eldest sister Naveena Singh)}}

==Books==
Dr. Singh was a regular contributor to newspaper and media articles and radio/television stores. He has authored various books:

*[https://books.google.com/books?id=QSkFNAEACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Indu+Prakash+Singh%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIk9WM-bHZxwIVg0-OCh0D_g_H Diplommetry] (1970)
*The Gita – A Workshop on the Expansion of Self (1977)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPkJAQAAIAAJ|title=The Gita|work=google.co.in|last1=Singh|first1=Indu Prakash|year=1977}}</ref>
*The Aborted Revolution (1990)<ref name="google.co.in1"/>
*Commonism – The Manifesto of a New Social Order (1991)<ref name="google.co.in"/>
*Women, Law and Social Change in India <ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Women, Law and Social Change in India|author=Singh, I.P.|date=1989|publisher=Sangam Books|isbn=9780861322114|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VosnPwAACAAJ|accessdate=11 January 2017}}</ref>
*Indian Women: The Power Trapped <ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=Indian Women: The Power Trapped|author=Singh, I.P.|date=1991|publisher=Galaxy Publications (Shree Niwas Publications)|isbn=9788172000066|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCMqAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=11 January 2017}}</ref>
*Art of Partnership: Networking for the Rights of Homeless <ref name="google3">{{cite book|title=Art of Partnership: Networking for the Rights of Homeless : the WAAAY|author1=Tingal, D.|author2=Trisal, P.|author3=Singh, I.P.|author4=Aashray Adhikar Abhiyan (Organisation)|date=2005|publisher=Aashray Adhikar Abhiyan &|isbn=9788189164201|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kjLPgAACAAJ|accessdate=11 January 2017}}</ref>
*Indian Women, The Captured Beings <ref name="google4">{{cite book|title=Indian women, the captured beings|author=Singh, I.P.|date=1990|publisher=Intellectual Pub. House|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TiMqAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=11 January 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Indu Prakash}}
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:People from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Myanmar|1985]]

Arvind Sharma

2021-08-22T11:44:36Z

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520:

{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=March 2018}}
{{BLP primary sources|BLP=yes|date=February 2019}}
{{COI|date=March 2019}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Arvind Sharma
| image = File:Arvind-Sharma_(cropped)_image_of_face.webp
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|1|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| fields = [[Religious Studies]]
| workplaces = [[McGill University]]
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]] (B.A. 1958), [[Syracuse University]] (M.A. in economics, 1970), [[Harvard University]] (M.T.S. in Theological Studies, 1974; PhD in Sanskrit and Indian Studies, 1978)
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Comparative Religion, the philosophy of religion, human rights and religion, theoretical and methodological issues in the study of religion, Advaita Vedanta, Hindu studies, Sanskrit studies, Women in religion
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|http://www.arvindsharma.org/|Arvind Sharma}}
}}
{{Advaita}}
'''Arvind Sharma''' is the Birks Professor of Comparative Religion at [[McGill University]]. Sharma's works focus on [[Hinduism]], [[philosophy of religion]]. In editing books his works include ''Our Religions'' and ''Women in World Religions,'' ''Feminism in World Religions'' was selected as a [[Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries|Choice]] Outstanding Academic Book (1999).<ref>[http://www.students.emory.edu/HSC/sharma.html Dr. Arvind Sharma], Emory University Hindu Students Council, retrieved 2015-04-10.</ref>

==Biography==
Arvind Sharma was born on 13 January 1940 in [[Varanasi]], India.

He served in civil services in Gujarat until 1968 he went to US to pursue higher studies in economics at the [[University of Syracuse]], obtaining a Masters in economics in 1970. While pursuing the role of non-economic factors in economic development he became interested in religion and joined Harvard Divinity School in 1972. After obtaining a Masters in Theological Studies, he earned his PhD from the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies in 1978.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-26|title=Prof Arvind Sharma on how history suggests religious tolerance leads to peace, prosperity - Living News , Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/prof-arvind-sharma-on-how-history-suggests-religious-tolerance-leads-to-peace-prosperity-7213621.html|access-date=2021-01-03|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

While at Harvard he was recruited in 1976 by the newly founded Department of Studies in Religion at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. In 1980 he moved to the University of Sydney.<ref>[https://www.mcgill.ca/religiousstudies/about/faculty-staff/arvind-sharma Arvind Sharma] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527205628/http://www.mcgill.ca/religiousstudies/about/faculty-staff/arvind-sharma |date=27 May 2015 }}, Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University, retrieved 2015-04-10.</ref> In 1994 he was appointed the Birks Professor of Comparative Religion at McGill University, where he teaches.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arvindsharma.org/bio|title=Avrind Sharma - Biography|last=Sharma|first=Arvind|website=Arvind Sharma's personal website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/de3683_0d322e267fc14535884413f3a7c066fd.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae - Arvind Sharma|last=Sharma|first=Arvind|website=www.arvindsharma.org}}</ref>

The archives fonds of Arvind Sharma is held at McGill University Archives (MUA).<ref>https://www.mcgill.ca/library/branches/mua</ref>

== Bibliography ==
The author, editor or co-editor of more than 50 books and 500 articles,<ref>Arvind Sharma, ''The World's Religions: A Contemporary Reader'', Fortress Press, 2010, p. 379</ref><ref>[https://www.mcgill.ca/religiousstudies/arvind-sharma Profile on the website of McGill University]</ref> his notable works include:
{{refbegin}}
*''The Ruler's Gaze: A Study of British Rule over India from a Saidian Perspective'' ([[HarperCollins|Harper Collins Publishers]], 2018) {{ISBN|978-9-352-64102-4}}
*''Hinduism as a Missionary Religion'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 2011) {{ISBN|978-1-4384-3211-3}}
*''The Philosophy of Religion and Advaita Vedanta'' ([[Pennsylvania State University Press]], 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-271-02832-3}}
*''Part of the Problem, Part of the Solution: Religion Today and Tomorrow'' ([[Praeger Publishers]], 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-313-35899-9}}
*''Hermeneutics and Hindu Thought: Toward a Fusion of Horizons'' ([[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]], 2008) {{ISBN|978-1-4020-8191-0}}
*''Fundamentalism And Women in World Religions'' (T. & T. Clark Publishers] 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-567-02533-3}}
*''Goddesses And Women In The Indic Religious Tradition'' ([[Brill Academic Publishers]], 2005) {{ISBN|978-90-04-12466-0}}
*''New Focus on Hindu Studies'' (DK Print World, 2005) {{ISBN|978-81-246-0307-9}}
*''A New Curve in the Ganges'' (DK Print World, 2005) {{ISBN|978-81-246-0271-3}}
*''Christianity and Human Rights: Influences and Issues'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-6952-1}}
*''The Quest for Serenity in World Religions'' (DK Printworld, 2007) {{ISBN|978-81-246-0420-5}}
*''A Guide to Hindu Spirituality'' ([[World Wisdom]], 2006) {{ISBN|978-1-933316-17-8}}
*''Hindu Egalitarianism: Equality or Justice?'' ([[Rupa & Co.]], 2006) {{ISBN|978-81-291-0833-3}}
*''Advaita Vedanta'' (Ludwig Verlag, 2006) {{ISBN|978-3-7787-8186-9}}
*''Are Human Rights Western?: A Contribution to the Dialogue of Civilizations'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2006) {{ISBN|978-0-19-567948-9}}
*''Modern Hindu Thought: An Introduction'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2005) {{ISBN|978-0-19-567638-9}}
*''Dharma'' (DK Print World, 2005) {{ISBN|978-81-246-0270-6}}
*''Sleep As a State of Consciousness in Advaita'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 2004) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-6251-5}}
*''The Buddhism Omnibus: Comprising Gautama Buddha, The Dhammapada, and The Philosophy of Religion'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2004) {{ISBN|978-0-19-566898-8}}
*''Her Voice, Her Faith: Women Speak On World Religions'' ([[Westview Press]], 2004) {{ISBN|978-0-8133-4257-3}}
*''Hinduism and Human Rights: A Conceptual Approach (Law in India)'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2004) {{ISBN|978-0-19-566585-7}}
*''Advaita Vedanta: An Introduction'' ([[Motilal Banarsidass]], 2004) {{ISBN|978-81-208-2027-2}}
*''The Study of Hinduism'' ([[University of South Carolina Press]], 2003) {{ISBN|978-1-57003-449-7}}
*''Hinduism and Its Sense of History'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2003) {{ISBN|978-0-19-566531-4}}
*''Methodology in Religious Studies: The Interface With Women's Studies'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 2003) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-5347-6}}
*''Modern Hindu Thought: The Essential Texts'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2002) {{ISBN|978-0-19-565315-1}}
*''Women in Indian Religions'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2002) {{ISBN|978-0-19-564634-4}}
*''Religion in a Secular City: Essays in Honor of Harvey Cox'' (Trinity Press International, 2001) {{ISBN|978-1-56338-337-3}}
*''Hinduism and Secularism: After Ayodhya'' ([[Palgrave Macmillan]], 2001) {{ISBN|978-0-333-79406-7}}
*''Sati: Historical and Phenomenological Essays'' ([[Motilal Banarsidass]], 2001) {{ISBN|978-81-208-0464-7}}
*''Annual Review of Women in World Religions, the (Annual Review of Women in World Religions)'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 2001) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-5426-8}}
*''Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2000) {{ISBN|978-0-19-564441-8}}
*''The Annual Review of Women in World Religions'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 1999) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-4346-0}}
*''A Dome of Many Colors: Studies in Religious Pluralism, Identity, and Unity'' (Trinity Press International, 1999) {{ISBN|978-1-56338-267-3}}
*''Feminism and World Religions'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 1998) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-4024-7}}
*''The Concept of Universal Religion in Modern Hindu Thought'' ([[Palgrave Macmillan]], 1998) {{ISBN|978-0-312-21647-4}}
*''Neo-Hindu Views of Christianity'' ([[Brill Academic Publishers]], 1988) {{ISBN|978-90-04-08791-0}}
*''The Philosophy of Religion: A Buddhist Perspective'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 1997) {{ISBN|978-0-19-564272-8}}
*''Women in World Religions'' (South Asia Books, 1995) {{ISBN|978-81-7030-428-9}}
*''Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition''([[HarperOne]], 1994) {{ISBN|978-0-06-067700-8}}
*''The Little Clay Cart'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 1994) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-1726-3}}
*''Today's Woman in World Religions'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 1994) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-1687-7}}
*''The Experiential Dimension of Advaita Vedanta'' ([[Motilal Banarsidass]], 1993) {{ISBN|978-81-208-1058-7}}
*''The Annual Review of Women in World Religions: Heroic Women'' ([[State University of New York Press]], 1992) {{ISBN|978-0-7914-1611-2}}
{{refend}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category|Arvind Sharma (Author)|Arvind Sharma}}
*{{Official website|https://www.arvindsharma.org/bio|name=Arvind Sharma}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150527205628/http://www.mcgill.ca/religiousstudies/about/faculty-staff/arvind-sharma Faculty page at McGill (Arvind Sharma)]
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/documentaries/2009/09/090911_forum_060909.shtml Audio: Arvind Sharma in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion show] [[The Forum (BBC World Service)|''The Forum'']]
*[https://www.mcgill.ca/library/branches/mua McGill University Archives (MUA)]
{{Modern Hindu writers}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Arvind}}
[[Category:McGill University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Asiatic Society]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Syracuse University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Divinity School alumni]]
[[Category:Women's rights in religious movements]]
[[Category:Hindu studies scholars]]
[[Category:Advaita Vedanta]]
[[Category:Neo-Vedanta]]
[[Category:Religious studies]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Canada]]