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Bakawan

2021-06-23T04:16:18Z

2409:4043:11C:396F:0:0:293E:48B0:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bakawan
| native_name = Gaulok Dham Bakawan
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|22.1677|N|75.8519|E|region:IN-MP_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Khargone district|Khargone]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| elevation_m = 167.9
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]
| postal_code =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Ma Narmada Goshala Bakawan.jpg|alt=Ma Narmada Goshala Bakawan|thumb|Ma Narmada Goshala Bakawan]]
'''Bakawan''' is a village in the state of Madhya Pradesh located on the banks of the river Narmada in India. The village falls under the [[Nimar]] region (pronounced Nimadh/Nimad/Nimarh) in [[Malwa]]. The region predominantly speaks the local dialect "[[Nimadi language|Nimadi]]" and Hindi. Nearest airport is [[Indore]] and nearest railway station is [[Khandwa]].

== Introduction ==
A steep climb from the banks of the river Narmada leads to the village with paved streets.<ref>{{cite web|title=A temple too far|url=http://oliver.friends.tas.edu.au/ni/issue336/temple.htm|accessdate=21 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016174808/http://oliver.friends.tas.edu.au/ni/issue336/temple.htm#|archive-date=16 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The village has a population around 8000 as per 2011 Census,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mardana village stats|url=http://www.voiceofbharat.org/khargone/view_results_detail.asp?ID=173&mVarTable=[Sheet1|accessdate=21 June 2013}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref> supported by a government school, dispensary, nearest post office mardana and other amenities. Six buses run from the city to Sanawad and Khargone.

== History ==
Ruins indicates that a small fort was constructed in the nearby village called [[Mardana, Madhya Pradesh|Mardana]]. The fort is said to be the capital of Raja Mordhvaj who died at [[Prayagraj]]. The ruins show the ''sinhasana'' (seat) of Maharaja Mayuradhvaja in a cave. The fort has a hidden [[ghat]] (gupt ghat) and a guhavasi Shiva.<ref>{{cite book|last=Neuß|first=Jürgen|title=Narmadāparikramā - Circumambulation of the Narmadā River|year=2012|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers, Inc.|isbn=9789004228573|page=165|url=http://www.brill.com/narmadaparikrama-circumambulation-narmada-river|access-date=18 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917222019/http://www.brill.com/narmadaparikrama-circumambulation-narmada-river|archive-date=17 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The village was also among the sites selected by Malwa queen [[Ahilyabai Holkar|Rani Ahilyabai]] to build her capital because of its history and mentions in the vedic puranas. However, her priest advised against it. She later constructed a fortified ghat and temple of Mayuresvara Shiva in the village.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Hira Lal|title=Ahilyabai|year=1969|publisher=National Book Trust, India|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_snt9a7OsKUC&q=mardana+%2B+narmada}}</ref>
The village Bakawan have also a shiv mandir constructed by Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar, at that time Bakawan was under the empire of Ahilya Bai Holkar. Also, she made Maheshwar as her capital.

== land use ==
The village has an agriculture-based land. Situated in the [[Narmada]] river valley, the village has access to a perennial water source and has a rich and fertile black soil. Common crops grown in the region: wheat, cotton, chilli (mirchi), soybean, peanuts, and sugarcane among others.

== Schools ==
The Government School is located in Navalpura region of Bakawan and has views of [[River Narmada]] and the [[Ghats]]. It has all the basic facilities with a large ground for playing. Also it supports with its building many functions such as election.{{fact|date=January 2019}}

Pratibha Gyan Vidhya Mandir is a private school having both the mediums i.e. Hindi and English.

Chandra Shekhar Azad Public School, Bakawan is a private school which aims to provide quality education for all with benefit of low fee to parents.{{fact|date=January 2019}}

==Tourism==
The village of Bakawan is known for making and exportation of Narmadeshwar Shivlings across the world. This is the only village in the world which succeeds in making of the Narmadeshwar Shivlings. The stones from which the Narmadeshwar Shivlings made are mainly found in the river Narmada. The village is also famous for the statue of Lord Balrama located in front of the Ram Mandir Bakawan (Rama Temple). There is a Gaushala (the place where the cows lives) named on the river Narmada Called Ma Narmada Gaushala Bakawan constructed in 1998 by Pt. Kamal Kishore Ji Nagar. The village is also known as Gaulok Dham Bakawan.

== Narmada Dam ==
Bakawan and many other villages in the region along the river Narmada will get submerged by the Maheshwar Hydroelectric Project.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nilsen|first1=Alf Gunvald|title=Dispossession and Resistance in India: The River and the Rage|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136994326|pages=1, 3, 8, 12–13, 20, 33, 149, 150 162, 194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UATgCgAAQBAJ&q=Maheshwar+Hydroelectric+Project&pg=PA8|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref> Resettlement is still under progress.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Amoore|first1=Louise|title=The Global Resistance Reader|date=2005|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415335836|page=336|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uopWhyAS8T8C&q=Mardana+Resolution&pg=PA336|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref> The village came into focus in February 2000 when the "Bakawan Declaration" was signed to protest against the dam construction.<ref name="Bakawan Declaration">{{cite web|url=http://www.narmada.org/maheshwar/mardana.declaration.html|title=Mardana Resolution|publisher=Friends of River Narmada|accessdate=20 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209090759/http://www.narmada.org/maheshwar/mardana.declaration.html|archive-date=9 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140303/http://www.narmada.org/maheshwar.html The Maheshwar Dam : a Brief Introduction]
{{commonscat|Bakawan}}

[[Category:Villages in Khargone district]]

List of rivers of Madhya Pradesh

2021-06-21T07:32:20Z

2409:4043:11C:396F:0:0:293E:48B0:

{{More citations needed|date=August 2015}}

[[Madhya Pradesh]], a state in north-central India, is [[subtropical]] with substantial ({{Convert|1400|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}) monsoon rains that feed a large number of streams and rivers. The largest of these by volume is the [[Narmada River|Narmada]], followed by the [[Tapti River|Tapti]]. Madhya Pradesh falls in five major river basins. The northern part of the state falls within the [[Ganges Basin]] where the Betwa, Chambal and Son flow. South of the Ganges Basin is the Narmada Basin, the second largest by surface area. The other three basins cover small portions of Madhya Pradesh, namely the Mahi Basin to the west,<ref name="Mahi-Basin">{{Cite web|title=Mahi Basin |publisher=India-WRIS |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Mahi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117060122/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Mahi |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> the [[Tapi Basin]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tapi Basin |publisher=India-WRIS |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Tapi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117053543/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Tapi |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> and the [[Godavari River|Godavari Basin]] to the south.<ref name="Godavari-Basin">{{Cite web|title=Godavari Basin |publisher=India-WRIS |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Godavari |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117055731/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Godavari |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Amarasinghe, Upali|display-authors=etal|year=2005 |title=Spatial variation in water supply and demand across river basins of India |location=Colombo, Sri Lanka |publisher=International Water Management Institute |page=3 |isbn=978-92-9090-572-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Zd1gAqwJTF0C&pg=PA3}}</ref>

== Ganges Basin: betwa ==
The Betwa drains off of the Deccan plateau. Originating in the Kumra village in [[Raisen district]] of Madhya Pradesh, the [[Betwa]] flows for 590 km (232 km in MP and 358 km in UP). After meandering through Madhya Pradesh, it enters the neighbouring state, Uttar Pradesh, and joins the river Yamuna (Jamna) in [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]]. The Betwa takes along with it the waters of the eastern [[Malwa]] plateau. The tributaries of the Betwa include the Bina, Yamini, Dhasan and Ken.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sutcliffe, J. V. |author2=Agrawal, R. P. |author3=Tucker, J. M. |year=1981 |title=The water balance of the Betwa basin, India |journal=Hydrological Sciences Bulletin |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=149–158 |doi=10.1080/02626668109490872 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In ancient times, the Betwa was known as Vetrawati.

== Ganges Basin: Chambal ==
The [[Chambal River|Chambal]] originates from the [[Janapav]] Near [[Mhow]] Mountain in the [[Vindhya Range]], and flows northeast through [[Ujjain]], [[Ratlam]] and [[Mandsaur]], before entering [[Rajasthan]]. It reenters Madhya Pradesh after meandering through parts of Rajasthan and touches Morena and [[Bhind]]. Here are the infamous Chambal Ravines that have been and still are the safest refuge for [[dacoits]].

=== Shipra ===
The [[Shipra]] starts her journey in the Vindhya Range from a hill called Kokri Tekdi situated at a distance of 11 km from Ujjain. This river is 195 km long, out of which 93 km flow through Ujjain. It then touches Ratlam and Mandsaur, before joining the river Chambal in Gwalior . The main tributaries of the Shipra are the Khan and the Gambhir.

== Ganges Basin: Sone ==
The [[Sone River|Sone]], also called the Maikalsut because its source is in the Maikal Hills, originates in [[Anuppur District]] in the Amarkantak highlands of the [[Maikal Range]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 23 |author=Hunter, William Wilson | url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_082.gif |access-date=2014-06-06 |location=Oxford, England |publisher= Clarendon Press |pages=76–78}}</ref> Its chief tributaries are the [[Rihand River|Rihand]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://surguja.nic.in/historical_background.htm | title = Surguja: Historical Background: The Rihand | publisher = Surguja district administration | access-date = 17 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100830171019/http://surguja.nic.in/historical_background.htm | archive-date = 30 August 2010 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and the [[North Koel River|North Koel]].<ref>{{Cite book| title = Gazetteer of Palamu District|url = http://www.palamu.nic.in/gazette/general_gazette.doc|access-date = 17 January 2017 }}</ref> and also include the Kewai, Tipan, Kunak, Murna, Johilla, Mahanadi, and the Rer.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hughes, Theodore W. H. |year=1885 |chapter=Southern Coal-Fields of Kewah Gondwana Basin |title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 21 |page=7 (143)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6MMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA143}}</ref>

=== Kewai ===
The [[Kewai River|Kewai]] arises in the [[Maikal Hills]] and flows in [[Shahdol District]] and Anuppur District and then into the Son River.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hughes, Theodore W. H. |year=1885 |chapter=Southern Coal-Fields of Kewah Gondwana Basin |title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 21 |page=57 (193)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6MMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA193}}</ref>

=== Tipan ===
The Tipan River merges into the Son at the town of [[Anuppur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Existing Land Use Plan |work=Anuppur City Development Plan |publisher=City Managers' Association, Madhya Pradesh |url=http://www.e-mpcdp.com/Maps/Maps-Anuppur.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117041822/http://www.e-mpcdp.com/Maps/Maps-Anuppur.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> It is subject to illegal gravel mining.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Illegal excavators with Two Tractors Charged |date=19 September 2014 |publisher=Pal-Pal India (पल-पल इंडिया) }}</ref>

=== Johilla ===
The [[Johila River|Johilla]] (Juhila) arises near Jaleswar Dham near Amarkantak, in the [[Maikal Hills]] and is a tributary of the Son.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hughes, Theodore W. H. |year=1885 |chapter=Southern Coal-Fields of Kewah Gondwana Basin |title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 21 |page=34 (170)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6MMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA170}}</ref>

=== Mahanadi ===
The Mahanadi tributary of the Son is distinct from the [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]] which originates in [[Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh state]] and flows east.
The political and mafia influence in western Madhya Pradesh's katni district's Ghunaur village has made this beautiful flowing perennial river worse than a drain . Once livelihood of the two villages namely Ghunaur and Barhata was inseparable of this river.

== Mahi Basin ==
In Madhya Pradesh the Mahi Basin consists of the headwaters of the Mahi in [[Dhar District|Dhar]] and [[Jhabua District|Jhabua]] districts; and the headwaters of the Anas River and Panam River in Jhabua District.<ref name="Mahi-Basin" />
This river crosses tropic of Cancer twice.

== Tapi Basin: Tapti ==
The Narmada, the Mahi and the [[Tapti River]] (Tapi) all flow westward into the Gulf of Khambat, of the Arabian Sea. The 724 km long Tapti is agriculturally very important as it drains an area of over 65,145sq km spread over Madhya Pradesh, [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]. This river originates at a height of 762m in [[Betul district]] of Madhya Pradesh (to the south of the [[Satpura Range]]). The Tapti journeys almost parallel to the Narmada, though it is much shorter in length than the Narmada and has a smaller catchment area.

== Godavari Basin ==
In Madhya Pradesh the Godavari Basin consists of the headwaters of the [[Kanhan River|Kanhan]], including the [[Pench River|Pench]], and the headwaters of the [[Wainganga River]].<ref name="Godavari-Basin" />

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh-related lists|Rivers of Madhya Pradesh, List]]
[[Category:Lists of rivers of India|Madhya Pradesh, List of Rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of India| ]]