Kumarsain

2026-05-09T14:35:55Z

2409:4056:E4B:8AAB:0:0:E7CB:7F07:

{{short description|Town in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kumarsain
| native_name = कुमारसैन
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Kumarsain.jpg
|photo2a = Tanni Jubbar Lake.jpg
|photo2b = Christ Church in Kotgarh village.jpg
|photo3a = A meadow near Derthu Peak.jpg
|photo3b = Himalayas as seen from Kumarsain.jpg
|photo4a = Koteshwar Mahadev Temple Mandholi.jpg
|size = 250
|position = center
|spacing = 1
|color = white
|color_border = white
}}
| image_alt = photomontage
| image_caption = Clockwise from top:<br />View of Kumarsain town from a nearby village, St. Mary's Church at Kotgarh village, View of Pir Panjal mountain range from Kumarsain, Koteshwar Mahadev Temple at Mandholi village, A meadow on the way to Derthu Mata Temple, Tani Jubbar Lake
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.318145|N|77.446189 |E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Himachal Pradesh Flag, India.png}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1762
| population_total = 5461
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 2711
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 172029
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HP.E2.80.94Himachal Pradesh|HP-95]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kumarsain''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|k|u|m|æ|r|s|æ|ɪ|n}}; {{IPA-hi|kʊmaɾsain|lang|Kumarsain Pronunciation.wav}}), also known as '''Kumharsain''', is a town in [[Shimla District]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Formerly under the [[British Raj]], it was the capital of [[princely state]] of Kumharsain, which was one of the several states of the [[Punjab States Agency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=3006&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX&sbtsro=0|title=John Hutchison and JP Vogel, ''History of Punjab Hill states''; Lahore 1933}}</ref> It is about 80 km from [[Shimla]] and famous for [[apple]] and [[cherry]] [[orchard]]s.

Kumarsain was founded in the [[11th century]] A.D. as the capital of '''''Kumharsain''' State''. It was occupied by [[Nepal]] from 1803 to 1816, and by [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] from 1839 to 1840.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rulers.org/indstat2.html|title=Indian states before 1947 K-W|website=www.rulers.org|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>

Kumarsain lies 1 km beside [[National Highway 5 (India)|National Highway 5]] from Bharara village, which is 20 km from [[Narkanda]] towards [[Rampur Bushahr]]. Kumarsain has many educational institutes like Government ITI ([[Industrial training institute|Industrial Training Institute]]) and [[Government degree colleges in India|Government Degree College]]. Many other departments and schools are rapidly increasing the population and developing growth of Kumarsain.

Kumarsain is also famous for Char Saala Mela ([[fair]]), which is celebrated after every 4 years and is the most crowded and awaited fair in the area.

Kumarsain has an history of around 1000 years and is one of the oldest settlements that are still being inhabited in [[Himachal Pradesh]]. It is also one of the most literate towns in [[Himachal Pradesh]].

== Geography ==
Kumarsain is located at
{{coord|31.318145|N|77.446189|E|}} and has an average elevation of 1,675 metres (5,495 ft). It is situated above the [[Satluj]] river in the North-West [[Himalayas]], about 80 km from [[Shimla]] towards interior ranges. Kumarsain has an ideal climate and temperature throughout year. Kumarsain town has many villages within its boundary namely Mateyog, Damali, Lathi, Bharara, Bai and Dethal.

[[File:Panaromic view after sunset as sewn from Kumarsain.jpg|thumb|240px|Scenic view after sunset as seen from Kumarsain]]

[[File:Snowfall in Kumarsain.jpg|thumb|250px|Kumarsain during Snowfall]]

Tourist attractions around Kumarsain include [[Narkanda]], [[Kotgarh]]-Thanedhar, [[Hatu peak|Hatu Peak]], Tani Jubbar Lake, Derthu Mata Temple and [[Shilaroo Hockey Stadium]].
[[File:Deodar forest .jpg|thumb|230px|[[Cedrus deodara|Himalayan cedar]] forest around Kumarsain]]
[[File:Shilaroo Hockey Stadium.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] Hockey Stadium Shilaroo]]

== Government ==
Kumarsain was a Constituency of [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and had a separate election seat until 2008 [[Delimitation Commission of India|delimitation]], when it was merged with [[Theog (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Theog Assembly constituency]]. Veteran Congress Minister [[Vidya Stokes]] was elected 2 times as [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in 2003 <ref>{{cite news| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_Feb_2003/StatReport2003_HP.pdf |title=Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly election, 2003 |accessdate=25 October 2013}}</ref> and 2007 <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.shimlatimes.in/2012/11/results-of-hp-state-assembly-elections_6.html |title=Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly election, 2007 |accessdate=25 October 2013}}</ref> from [[Kumarsain (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kumarsain Assembly Constituency]]. Kumarsain is a [[Tehsil|tehsil]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hpshimla.nic.in/tehsil/|title=Tehsils in Shimla District}}</ref> as well as a [[Subdivision (country subdivision)|sub-division]] and comes under Narkanda [[Community development blocks in India|Block]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hpshimla.nic.in/subdivision-blocks|title=Subdivisions & Blocks in Shimla District}}</ref> Former [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] and Current State Election Commissioner of Himachal Pradesh (Anil Kumar Khachi, [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]] ([[Retirement|Retd.]]))<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/shimla/thakur-replaces-chief-secy-cong-protests-outsiders-elevation-7440813/lite/|title=Khachi Replaced from Chief Secretary Post}}</ref> also hails from Kumarsain.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/amp/nation/khachi-is-new-chief-secy-in-himachal-pradesh-393711|title=Anil Khachi from Kumarsain, appointed as new Chief Secretary of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref>

'''Government Departments in Kumarsain:'''

1. Himachal Pradesh Public Works Department (B & R Division and Sub Division) (Mechanical Sub Division).

2. Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board Limited (Division and Sub Division).

3. Jal Shakti Department (Sub Division).

4. Women and Child Development Department (Child Development Project Officer).

5. Himachal Pradesh Fire Services (Fire Post).

6. Tehsil Office (Tehsildar and Naib Tehsildar).

7. Sub Divisional Magistrate/Sub Divisional Officer Office.

8. Himachal Pradesh Department of Labour and Employment (Sub Office - Employmemt Exchange).

9. Police Station (Station House Officer/SHO)

10. Civil Hospital (Block Medical Officer)

11. Block Development Office (Block Development Officer Narkanda)

12. Forest Department (Divisional Forest Officer Kotgarh and Range Forest Officer Kumarsain)

13. Himachal Pradesh Education Department (Block Education Officer)

14. Sub-Treasury Office (Sub-Treasury Officer)

15. Tehsil Welfare Office (Tehsil Welfare Officer)

== Demographics==
As of 2011 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kumarsain had a population of 5,461. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kumarsain has an average literacy rate of 97.8%, much higher than the national average of 74.04% male literacy is 97%, and female literacy is 89%. In Kumarsain 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== History ==
Kirat Singh, also known as Kirti Singh (later Rana Kirat Chand), who was an office holder and Jagirdar at the court of Raja Narayan Pal of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] in [[Bihar]], founded Kumharsain State in the [[11th century]] AD. He along with his two brothers (Kartar Singh and Prithvi Singh) was driven away from [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], by the fear of [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud Ghaznavi]] and settled around Kumharsain. They conquered the country from a local chief named Bhambu Rai of Delath.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgZFhkVINvkC&q=karangla&pg=PA48|title=Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh|isbn=9788173870941|last1=Singh|first1=Mian Goverdhan|year=1999}}</ref> Later on Kirat Singh gave a tract called Karangla to his brother Kartar Singh. Descendants of Kartar Singh founded the states of Khaneti and [[Kotkhai]]. The younger brother, Prithvi Singh, established his independent state at Delath. Since the [[15th century]], Kumharsain was a feudatory of [[Bashahr|Bushahr State]], but was declared independent after the expulsion of the [[Gurkhas]] in 1815, by a ''sanad'' dated February 1816, but at the same time lost its own tributary states of Bharauli, Balsan and Madhan. The Rana maintains a military force of 45 infantry and 1 gun (as of 1892).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/kumharsain|title=Kumharsain (Princely State)}}</ref> Kumharsain State was ranked 6th in [[Order of precedence]] in the [[Hill States of India|Shimla Hill States]] and 11th amongst the [[Punjab Hill States]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&q=Kumharsain&pg=PA225|title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh|isbn=9788173871634|last1=Brentnall|first1=Mark|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpWloqN5LTAC&q=order+of+precedence+in+shimla+hill+states&pg=PA53|title=The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments|isbn=9788173870354|last1=Verma|first1=V.|year=1995}}</ref>

[[File:Kumarsain State Symbol.jpg|thumb|250px|Kumarsain State Symbol]]

The Great Congress Leader [[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] (former [[Public works|Public Works]] Minister of [[Himachal Pradesh]]) was from this town and a government school in Kumarsain is also named after him, as a token of honor and appreciation for the work he had done for the state. Khachi was elected 5 times as [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Kumarsain (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kumarsain assembly seat]] in 1972, 1982, 1985, 1993 and 1998 assembly elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Kumarsain Assembly Constituency |url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Kumarsain-in-Himachal-Pradesh |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref> He died of a massive heart attack in 2002, at that time he was the sitting MLA of Kumarsain Constituency. Kumarsain's famous '''Hira Mahal''' (named after the 56th Rana of Kumharsain, "''Hira Singh''"), which was pride of Kumarsain and served as the home to the Ranas of this princely state, was burnt because of an accidental fire that took place in the mahal on 25 December 2007.

[[File:Hira Mahal Kumarsain.jpg|thumb|250px|Hira Mahal in 2005]]

Also the first American [[apple]] tree grown in India was at Kotgarh village (a village in Kumharsain tehsil), which was planted by [[Satyanand Stokes]] (an [[Americans|American]] settled in India) in 1916.

==Transportation==
Kumarsain has a bus station from where you can take routine local route buses or long route buses of [[Himachal Road Transport Corporation|HRTC]] to [[Shimla]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Delhi]], [[Kullu]], [[Ambala]], [[Haridwar]] and many other places.

[[File:A milestone showing distance of Kumarsain.jpg|thumb|230px|A milestone on [[National Highway 5 (India)|NH-5]] showing distance of Kumarsain]]
[[File:A goatherd herding his goats.jpg|thumb|230px|A man herding goats on [[National Highway 5 (India)|NH-5]] near Kumarsain]]

Alternatively you can hire a taxi, as 24 hours taxi service is also available in Kumarsain.

==Rulers ==
[[File:Water colour painting of Kumharsain.jpg|thumb|280px|Watercolour painting of Rana's house at Kumharsain by [[Baden Henry Powell]], c.1872]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002375u00000000.html|title=British Library (Online Gallery)}}</ref>

Rulers used the title of "[[Rana (title)|Rana]]" (also styled as Rana Saheb).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html|title=Indian Princely States K-Z|website=www.worldstatesmen.org|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:1%" | '''Reign'''
! scope="col" style="width:2%" | '''Rana'''
|-
|1021 - 1058
|Kirat Chand (1st Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Ugarn Chand (2nd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Sansar Chand (3rd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Pratap Singh (4th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Nadev Singh (5th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Nahar Singh (6th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jaidev Singh (7th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jorawar Singh (8th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Dalbhajon Singh (9th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Randhir Singh (10th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Vishan Pal Singh (11th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Madhan Singh (12th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jai Singh (13th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Narayan Singh (14th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Shamsher Singh (15th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Kahan Singh (16th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Chattar Singh (17th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Guja Singh (18th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Ganpat Singh (19th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Narbhay Singh (20th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Satdhari Singh (21st Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Tegh Singh (22nd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Vikram Singh (23rd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Swat Singh (24th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Devi Singh (25th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jaimal Singh (26th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jagdish Singh (27th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Gildhar Singh (28th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Surat Singh (29th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jowar Singh (30th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Tapdhari Singh (31st Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Karam Singh (32nd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jati Singh (33rd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Dharam Singh (34th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Jalim Singh (35th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Kewal Singh (36th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Dalip Singh (37th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Dalel Singh (38th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Tilak Singh (39th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Prithvi Singh (40th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Golal Singh (41st Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Kishan Singh (42nd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Roop Singh (43rd Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Ratan Singh (44th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Shiv Singh (45th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Fateh Singh (46th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Shakth Singh (47th Rana)
|-
|???? - ????
|Chattar Singh (48th Rana)
|-
|???? - 1725
|Ajmir Singh (49th Rana)
|-
|1725 - 1755
|Anup Singh (50th Rana)
|-
|1755 - 1789
|Daleep Singh (51st Rana)
|-
|1789 - 1803
|Govardhan Singh (52nd Rana)
|-
|1803 - 1816
|Occupied by Nepal
|-
|1816 - 1839
|Kehar Singh (53rd Rana)
|-
|1839 - 1840
|Occupied by British India
|-
|1840 - 1858
|Pritam Singh (54th Rana)
|-
|1858 - 1874
|Bhawani Singh (55th Rana)
|-
|1874 - 1914
|Hira Singh (56th Rana)
|-
|1914 - 1945
|Vidyadhar Singh (57th Rana)
|-
|1945 - 1996
|Sumeshawar Singh (58th Rana) acceded title became honorary
|-
|1996 - Present
|Surendra Singh (59th Rana)
|}

== Villages and Towns in Kumharsain Tehsil ==

'''Towns'''

1. Kumarsain

2. [[Narkanda]]

'''Villages'''

1 Ahar

2 Arot

3 Aur

4 Bagain

5 Bagthal

6 Bahli

7 Bai

8 Bakhlain

9 Balinda

10 Banahar

11 Banot

12 [[Baragaon, Himachal Pradesh|Baragaon]]

13 Barara

14 Bargal

15 Barogi

16 Barori

17 Bhanoli

18 Batara

19 Batari

20 Baza

21 Bhalari

22 Bhanana

23 Bharari

24 Bharasa

25 Bhareri

26 Bhargaon

27 Bhuna

28 Bhuth

29 Bhutti

30 Chajol

31 Chamseri

32 Chalan

33 Chamor

34 Chamyala

35 Charonta

36 Chekul

37 Chohan

38 Chopala

39 Churath

40 D.P.F. Nag kelo Saroga

41 D.P.F. Nagkelo

42 Dagrot

43 Dakolu

44 Dakoon

45 Dalan

46 Damaur

47 Daro

48 Dawala

49 Deeb

50 Deoridhar

51 Dethal

52 Devali Dhar

53 Dhala

54 Dhali

55 Dhanal

56 Dharuri

57 Dheongli

58 Dogri

59 Doja

60 Ganeog

61 Gharal

62 Ghareawat

63 Ghughvi

64 Ghumana

65 Gheti

66 Gonthla

67 Halyana

68 Hathiya

69 Jadoon

70 Jal

71 Jalti

72 Jangal Ahar

73 Jangal Dawala

74 Jangal Hatu

75 Jangal Havan

76 Jangal Jogsha

77 Jangal Madhawan

78 Jangal Marni

79 Jangal Nun-II

80 Janjeli

81 Jar

82 Jarol

83 Jhamol

84 Jhunjan

85 Jubroo

86 Kacheri

87 Kalmu

88 Kanahr

89 Kanda-1

90 Kanda-2

91 Kandyali

92 Kangal

93 Karaltoo

94 Katheen

95 Kaunthru

96 Kehri

97 Kepu

98 Khaner

99 Khaneti

100 Khatkar

101 Khekhar

102 Kholwi

103 Khuhan

104 Kingal

105 Kirti

106 Kopri

107 Kot

108 [[Kotgarh]]

109 Koti

110 Kotla

111 Kowahra

112 Kufri

113 Kui

114 Lathi

115 Lauga

116 Luan

117 Madhawani

118 Madhuban

119 Mahawari

120 Maholi

121 Majrog

122 Malendi

123 Manan-1

124 Manan-2

125 Mandholi

126 Mangsu

127 Manu

128 Melan

129 Mogra

130 Mohan

131 Nog Kanchi

132 Nagali

133 Nagraon

134 Nahal

135 Nahana

136 Nanjha

137 Naula

138 Nehri

139 Nun

140 Pamlai

141 Parashan

142 Pauchi

143 Pharal

144 Pharnal

145 Phirnu

146 Rahu

147 Raog

148 Rewali

149 Ropa

150 Sainj Paranu

151 Sakundi Chimla

152 Sapela

153 Sarahan

154 Saroga

155 Ser Dhar

156 Shalota

157 Shamthla

158 Shanand

159 Shathla

160 Shawat

161 Shehdari

162 Shela

163 Shelag

164 Shiwan

165 Talha

166 Tepri

167 Teshan

168 Thah

169 Thanedhar

170 Thanu

171 Thinu

172 Tramli

173 Urshu

174 Virgarh

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://rulers.org/indstat2.html Rulers.org: Kumharsain]
* [https://maps.google.co.in/maps?q=map+Kumarsain&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x390585bba826eceb:0x798d4a66798efe44,Kumarsain,+Himachal+Pradesh&gl=in&ei=IUaaUNmjIZHb4QTo84CoDQ&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA Kumarsain on Google Maps]
* Article by: [https://www.instagram.com/iampiyushnegi Piyush Negi]

[[Category:Princely states of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Princely states of Punjab]]
[[Category:Agencies of British India]]
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Shimla district]]

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