Deewaar

2023-10-26T15:00:47Z

2409:40C2:1160:845D:8000:0:0:0:

{{about||the 2004 Milan Luthria film|Deewaar (2004 film)|other uses}}
{{short description|1975 Hindi-language action drama film directed by Yash Chopra}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Deewaar
| image =
| caption = Release Poster
| director = [[Yash Chopra]]
| producer = [[Gulshan Rai]]
| writer = [[Salim–Javed]]
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]] [[Amitabh Bachchan]] [[Neetu Singh]] [[Shaan (1980 film)|Parveen Babi]] [[Nirupa Roy]] [[Iftekhar]] [[Madan Puri]] [[Satyen Kappu]]
| narrator =
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = Kay Gee
| editing = T.R. Mangeshkar Pran Mehra
| studio =
| distributor = Trimurti Films Pvt. Ltd
| released = 24 January 1975
| runtime = 176 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=Vinay|last2=Nandy|first2=Ashis|title=Fingerprinting Popular Culture: The Mythic and the Iconic in Indian Cinema|date=2006|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-567918-0|page=77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iwa6CavnecC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Aḵẖtar|first1=Jāvīd|author-link1=Javed Akhtar|last2=Kabir|first2=Nasreen Munni|title=Talking Films: Conversations on Hindi Cinema with Javed Akhtar|date=2002|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-566462-1|page=49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JILAQAAMAAJ|quote=JA: I write dialogue in Urdu, but the action and descriptions are in English. Then an assistant transcribes the Urdu dialogue into Devnagari because most people read Hindi. But I write in Urdu.}}</ref>
| budget = [[Indian rupee|₹]]5 [[crore]]
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|75 million|link=yes}}<ref name="boi75" /> ({{US$|9 million|long=no}}){{efn|name=Exchange75}}
}}

'''''Deewaar''''' (translation: ''The Wall'') is a [[List of Hindi films of 1975|1975]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Action film|action]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/deewaar-v145093|title=Deewaar (1975) - Yash Chopra|publisher=[[AllMovie]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/yash-chopra-redefined-romance-and-drama-on-screen-119299-2012-10-22|title=Obituary: Yash Chopra redefined romance, drama on screen|publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deewaar-was-the-perfect-script-amitabh-bachchan-on-42-years-of-the-cult-film/story-x2hy87zQ0ebVlsVMV59U2I.html|title=Deewaar was the perfect script: Amitabh Bachchan on 42 years of the cult film|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[crime drama film|crime drama]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Sri |title=Bollywood Kitchen: Home-cooked Indian Meals Paired with Unforgettable Bollywood Films |date=2017 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |isbn=978-0-544-97125-7 |page=207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WM6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deewaar |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/film/rp56h/deewaar/ |access-date=25 May 2020 |work=[[Radio Times]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress">{{cite news|date=23 January 2017|title=Deewar had the best screenplay ever, says Amitabh Bachchan|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deewar-had-the-best-screenplay-ever-says-amitabh-bachchan-4488228/|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> film written by [[Salim–Javed]] ([[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]]) and directed by [[Yash Chopra]]. Released worldwide on 24 January 1975, the film stars [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Shaan (1980 film)|Parveen Babi]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Iftekhar]], [[Madan Puri]] and [[Satyen Kappu]]. The film tells the story of a pair of impoverished brothers who, after their family is betrayed by the misplaced idealism of their father, struggle to survive in the slums of [[Mumbai]], and eventually find themselves on opposing sides of the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC38folder/Deewar.html |title=Deewar: the fiction of film and the fact of politics |publisher=Ejumpcut.org |access-date=22 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Mazumdar">{{cite book|last=Mazumdar|first=Ranjani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xenNBrRKOGoC&pg=PA14|title=Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|isbn=978-1-4529-1302-5|page=14}}</ref><ref name="Lee">{{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Joseph Tse-Hei|last2=Kolluri|first2=Satish|title=Hong Kong and Bollywood: Globalization of Asian Cinemas|date=2016|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|isbn=978-1-349-94932-8|page=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pu0mDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA173}}</ref> The ''Deewaar'' ("wall") of the title is the wall that has sprung up between the two brothers, drawn apart by fate and circumstances in a time of socio-political turmoil.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite magazine|author=Amitava Kumar|date=23 December 2008|title=Slumdog Millionaire's Bollywood Ancestors|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors.html|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=4 January 2008}}</ref><ref name="ejumpcut">Virdi, Jyotika. "[http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC38folder/Deewar.html Deewaar: the fiction of film and the fact of politics.]" ''Jump Cut'', No. 38, June 1993:26–32.</ref>

Upon release, ''Deewaar'' was both critically and commercially successful, with praise going towards the film's screenplay, story, and music, as well as the performances of the acting ensemble, particularly Bachchan, Kapoor and Roy's performances. It is often considered a ground-breaking cinematic masterpiece, with ''Indiatimes'' ranking ''Deewaar'' amongst the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films'',<ref name="Movies.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|title=25 Must See Bollywood Movies – Special Features-Indiatimes – Movies|url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-9.cms|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227170938/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-9.cms|archive-date=27 February 2009|access-date=22 June 2011|publisher=Movies.indiatimes.com}}</ref> as well as being one of three Hindi-language films to be included on the list of ''1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die''. The film had a significant impact on Indian cinema, as well as wider [[Culture of India|Indian society]], with the film's [[anti-establishment]] themes and Bachchan's criminal [[anti-hero]] vigilante character resonating with audiences,<ref name="hindustantimes" /> cementing Bachchan's popular image as the "angry young man" of [[Bollywood]] cinema.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1945451.stm |title=Film legend promotes Bollywood |work=BBC News |date=23 April 2002 |access-date=22 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xenNBrRKOGoC&q=%22Deewar%22+1975&pg=PA11 |title=Bombay Cinema |date=23 April 2007 |access-date=22 June 2011|isbn=978-1-4529-1302-5 |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Ranjani }}</ref> ''[[Forbes (India)|Forbes]]'' included Bachchan's performance in the film on its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/0|title=25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema|magazine=[[Forbes (India)|Forbes]]|first1=Shishir|last1=Prasad|first2=N. S.|last2=Ramnath|first3=Sohini|last3=Mitter|date=27 April 2013 |accessdate = 23 June 2021}}</ref> The film also cemented the success of the writing duo Salim-Javed, who went on to write many more blockbuster films; the value of film writers skyrocketed thanks to Salim-Javed, who were paid as highly as leading actors at the time.<ref name="topmoviestowatch">{{cite web|url=http://topmoviestowatch.info/Movies/Drama/Deewaar.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20121202223220/http://topmoviestowatch.info/Movies/Drama/Deewaar.html|url-status=dead|title=Topmoviestowatch.info|date=2 December 2012|archive-date=2 December 2012}}</ref> ''Deewaar''{{'}}s influence also extends to world cinema, influencing films from [[Hong Kong]]<ref name="scroll">{{cite web|last=Mondal|first=Sayantan|title=Amitabh Bachchan starrer 'Deewar' was remade in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam – and Cantonese|url=https://thereel.scroll.in/828031/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-deewar-was-remade-in-telugu-tamil-malayalam-and-cantonese|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130121319/https://thereel.scroll.in/828031/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-deewar-was-remade-in-telugu-tamil-malayalam-and-cantonese|archive-date=30 January 2017|access-date=30 January 2017|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> and British cinema.<ref name="Kumar" />

== Plot ==
The film opens with a depiction of the strong leadership of trade unionist, Anand Verma ([[Satyen Kappu]]), who works hard to enhance the lives of struggling laborers. He lives in a modest home with his wife, Sumitra Devi ([[Nirupa Roy]]), and their two young sons Vijay and Ravi. However, things take a turn for the worse when Anand is blackmailed by a corrupt businessman, Badri Prasad ([[Kamal Kapoor]]), who threatens to kill his family if Anand does not cease his protest activities. Forced into compliance, Anand is attacked and jeered for his betrayal by the very same laborers, who are unaware that he was blackmailed to do so. Anand's family is also persecuted by the angry workers and Anand leaves town out of shame, leaving Sumitra to take care of their sons alone in poverty. Meanwhile, several of the angry workers kidnap Vijay and tattoo his arm with the [[Hindi]] words "मेरा बाप चोर है" (transform: "My father is a thief"). Not knowing what else to do, Sumitra brings her children to [[Mumbai]] and struggles as a day laborer to raise her sons.

As the boys grow up to be young men, Vijay ([[Amitabh Bachchan]]) has an acute awareness of his father's failure as he has been victimized for his father's supposed misdeeds. In the process of fighting for his rights, Vijay begins out as a shoe polisher and later becomes a dockyard worker. When Vijay beats up several goons working for a ruthless crime lord, Samant ([[Madan Puri]]), one of Samant's rivals, Mulk Raj Daavar ([[Iftekhar]]), is influenced to bring Vijay to his inner-circle. When Vijay successfully completes a task in nabbing several of Samant's goods for Daavar, the latter rewards him with money, allowing Vijay to purchase a palatial home for his family. While continuing on his assignments for Daavar, Vijay also sacrifices his own education to enable Ravi to study. As Ravi finishes his studies, he begins dating Veera Narang ([[Neetu Singh]]), the daughter of the Mumbai police commissioner, DCP Narang ([[Manmohan Krishna]]). On DCP Narang's suggestion, Ravi applies for employment with the police and is sent for training. Several months later, he is accepted by the police and earns the rank of Sub-Inspector. When Ravi returns home, his first assignment is to apprehend and arrest some of the hardcore criminals and smugglers in Mumbai which also includes his brother, Vijay. Ravi is deeply shocked as he had never associated his own brother with criminal activities and must now decide between apprehending Vijay and quitting the police force.

Initially, Ravi is reluctant of going against his own brother, but is later moved when he non-fatally shoots down a poor boy, Chander, who stole two [[roti]]s in an attempt to stop him from running. When a remorseful Ravi visits Chander's family at their home, giving them some food and confessing what he did, Chander's mother berates Ravi while the father ([[A. K. Hangal]]) forgives him and justifies Ravi's action by stating that stealing of a "[[lakh]]" or of food is the same, which finally motivates Ravi to agree to take the case. When Ravi finds out that Vijay has accquired wealth by crime, he decides to move out along with Sumitra (who too is disgusted), causing a feud to develop between Vijay and Ravi. Around the same time, Anand is found dead inside a train and his body is cremated by Vijay. Ravi then takes the opportunity to complete his task in taking down and arresting many associates from both Samant and Daavar's gangs and even Daavar himself is arrested by Ravi. Fuming over the loss of his family and many of his associates, Vijay enters into an intimate relationship with a woman named Anita ([[Majboor (1974 film)|Parveen Babi]]), whom he meets at a bar. When Anita becomes pregnant with Vijay's child, Vijay decides to abandon his life in the underworld so that he can marry her, confess his sins, and seek forgiveness from Sumitra and Ravi.

However, Samant and his remaining goons arrive and murder Anita, provoking an enraged Vijay to storm into Samant's apartment and brutally murder him and his remaining goons in revenge, leading himself to be branded a criminal forever. After learning about the deaths of Samant and his gang, Ravi meets with Vijay outside Samant's apartment building in a final clash, pleading him to stop running and surrender himself. As Vijay refuses to do so, Ravi ends up shooting him down in the arm fatally, before a grievously injured and slowly dying Vijay uses a car as a getaway vehicle to escape from Ravi. Once out of Ravi's clutches, Vijay struggles to drive to a temple in the middle of the night, where he reunites with Sumitra and pleads forgiveness. Vijay then breathes his last in Sumitra's arms, leaving her extremely shattered, just as Ravi arrives at the temple as well and is completely distraught over his action towards Vijay. The film ends with the [[Maharashtra]] police hosting a celebration for Ravi for his successful actions of pursuing justice and taking down the criminals, though Ravi is still wracked with remorse for killing Vijay.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Shashi Kapoor]] as Ravi Verma
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Vijay Verma
* [[Neetu Singh]] as Veera Narang
* [[Shaan (1980 film)|Parveen Babi]] as Anita
* [[Nirupa Roy]] as Sumitra Devi Verma
* [[Iftekhar]] as Mulk Raj Daavar
* [[Madan Puri]] as Samant
* [[Satyen Kappu]] as Anand Verma
* [[Manmohan Krishna]] as DCP Narang
* [[A. K. Hangal]] as Chander's father
* [[Kamal Kapoor]] as Badri Prasad
* [[Sudhir (Hindi actor)|Sudhir]] as Jaichand
* [[Jagdish Raj]] as Jaggi
* Raj Kishore as Darpan
* [[Yunus Parvez]] as Rahim Chacha
* [[Rajan Verma]] as Lachhu
* [[D. K. Sapru]] as Mr. Agarwal
* [[Aruna Irani]] as Dancer in "Koi Mar Jaye" song (Cameo Appearance)

== Production ==
=== Story and screenplay ===
The film's screenplay, story and dialogues were written by [[Salim–Javed]] ([[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]]). The main inspiration for the film's plot was the 1961 [[Dilip Kumar]] film ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'' (1961), which had a similar premise of two brothers on opposing sides of the law, with the elder criminal brother as the main character.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|last=Mahan|first=Deepak|title=Gunga Jamuna (1961)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/Gunga-Jamuna-1961/article16483523.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 March 2010|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hindi classics that defined the decade: 1960s Bollywood was frothy, perfectly in tune with the high spirits of the swinging times|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/1960s-bollywood-classic-films-mughal-e-azam-guide-4913491/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=31 October 2017}}</ref> ''Deewaar'' is thus considered to be a spiritual successor to ''Gunga Jumna''.<ref name="ganti">{{cite book|last=Ganti|first=Tejaswini|title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema|date=2004|publisher=[[Psychology Press]]|isbn=978-0-415-28854-5|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTEa93azj9EC&pg=PA153}}</ref> Salim-Javed credited ''Gunga Jumna'' as well as [[Mehboob Khan]]'s ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957) as the main inspirations for ''Deewaar'', which they described as a "more urban, much more contemporary" take on their themes; while ''[[Mother India]]'' and ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'' took place in a rural context, [[Salim–Javed]] reinterpreted their themes in a contemporary urban context with ''Deewaar''.<ref name="Chaudhuri">{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Diptakirti|title=Written by Salim-Javed: The Story of Hindi Cinema's Greatest Screenwriters|date=2015|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=9789352140084|page=72|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cri9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT72}}</ref>

[[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s character, Vijay, was loosely inspired by the real-life [[Organized crime in India|Bombay underworld]] gangster [[Haji Mastan]].<ref name=Kumar /><ref name="ejumpcut" /> Vijay's story arc in the film parallels that of Mastan's life, such as the rise from a humble dockyard [[coolie]] worker to a powerful smuggler,<ref name="ejumpcut" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Amitabh Bachchan's Deewar is 40: 9 Things You Didn't Know About the Angry Young Man – NDTV Movies|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchans-deewar-is-40-9-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-angry-young-man-730775|work=[[NDTV]]|date=22 January 2015}}</ref> and Mastan's rivalry with smuggler Sukkur Narayan Bakhia is similar to Vijay's rivalry with Samant ([[Madan Puri]]).<ref name="ejumpcut" />

[[Salim–Javed]]'s screenplay had dynamic dialogues, and incorporated a number of symbolic [[Motif (narrative)|motifs]]. For example, the scene where the two brothers meet as adults takes place under a bridge, symbolising a bridge forming between the brothers.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite news|title=Deewaar was the perfect script: Amitabh Bachchan on 42 years of the cult film|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deewaar-was-the-perfect-script-amitabh-bachchan-on-42-years-of-the-cult-film/story-x2hy87zQ0ebVlsVMV59U2I.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=29 January 2017}}</ref> Set in the [[Dharavi]] slums of [[Mumbai|Bombay]], the film's story of gangsters in Dharavi was a critique of socio-political inequality and injustice in Bombay.<ref name="Lee" /> The characterisations of the two brothers are [[Sociology|sociologically]] contextualised to represent a form of urban conflict and drama, aimed at presenting a causal explanation for the sequence of events and Vijay's [[social alienation]], with the narrative explaining his every action and decision, grounded in his memories and experiences.<ref name="Mazumdar" />

The script generally has an atmosphere of [[secularism]], while incorporating subtle religious motifs.<ref name="hindustantimes" /> The mother Sumitra Devi ([[Nirupa Roy]]) and police brother Ravi ([[Shashi Kapoor]]) are religious [[Hindu]]s, whereas the criminal brother Vijay (Bachchan) is generally [[Irreligion|not religious]] and "upset with [[God]]", yet he carries a badge numbered [[786 (Islam)|786]], which the [[Muslim]] Rahim Chacha ([[Yunus Parvez]]) points out to be a number of religious significance in [[Islam]]<ref name="hindustantimes" /> (representing ''[[Basmalla|Bismillah]]'') and has its own sub-plot.<ref name="scroll" /> The 786 badge plays a powerful and symbolic role in several scenes,<ref name="hindustantimes" /> saving Vijay at key moments<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prasad|first1=M. Madhava|title=Ideology of the Hindi Film: A Historical Construction|date=2000|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-565295-6|page=152|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJUiAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> and signifying something ominous when he loses it.<ref name="hindustantimes" />

Salim-Javed initially showed the script to Bachchan, who they had in mind for Vijay's role after having worked with him on ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973). At the time, Bachchan was working on another film with [[Yash Chopra]], and told him about the script. After some initial scepticism, Chopra was eventually convinced to direct the film after Salim-Javed narrated the storyline to him.<ref name="hindustantimes" />

=== Casting and filming ===
Bachchan's "angry young man" performance as Vijay in the film was inspired by Dilip Kumar's intense performance as Gunga in ''Gunga Jumna'', which Bachchan sharpened and reinterpreted in a contemporary urban context reflecting the changing socio-political climate of 1970s India.<ref name="raj">{{cite book|last=Raj|first=Ashok|title=Hero Vol.2|date=2009|publisher=[[Hay House]]|isbn=9789381398036|page=21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT21}}</ref><ref name="legends">{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Surendra|title=Legends of Indian cinema: pen portraits|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|page=51|isbn=9788124108727|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfJkAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

Producer [[Gulshan Rai]] initially wanted [[Rajesh Khanna]] to play Vijay's role. However, Salim-Javed "felt only he (Bachchan) could do justice to Vijay's role." According to Akhtar, they "saw his talent, which most makers didn't. He was exceptional, a genius actor who was in films that weren't good." At Salim-Javed's insistence, Bachchan was cast in the role.<ref name="hindustantimes" /> Director [[Yash Chopra]]'s first choices for Vijay and Ravi's roles were Rajesh Khanna and [[Navin Nischol]], respectively, but Salim-Javed had Amitabh Bachchan and [[Shatrughan Sinha]] in mind when they wrote the script; Sinha turned down the film when he heard Khanna was initially cast in the lead, due to a fallout between the two. [[Nirupa Roy]]'s role as Sumitra Devi was also first offered to [[Vyjayanthimala]]; Nischol and Vyjayanthimala turned down the film after they found out Khanna would no longer be in the film. [[Shashi Kapoor]] was subsequently cast as Ravi, and Nirupa Roy as Sumitra Devi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-12-fun-facts-about-deewar-361620 |title=Indian cinema@100: 12 fun facts about Deewar – NDTV |publisher=Movies.ndtv.com |date=2 May 2013 |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, Bachchan revealed that his iconic look in the film – a "denim blue shirt worn with khakee pants and a rope dangling over the shoulder" – was the result of a mistake by the tailor. He said, "The knotted shirt and rope on the shoulder in [''Deewaar''] was an adjustment for an error in stitching, shirt too long so knotted it".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-s-iconic-look-in-deewar-resulted-from-tailoring-error-552297?ndtv_rhs|title=Amitabh Bachchan's Iconic look in Deewar Resulted From Tailoring Error – NDTV Movies|date=3 July 2014}}</ref> In certain scenes, Bachchan had some input on Chopra's direction, such as the father's funeral scene where Bachchan, instead of lighting the pyre with his right hand, suggests to use his left hand to show off the tattoo, "Mera baap chor hai" ("My father is a thief").<ref name="hindustantimes" /> The film was shot mostly at night because Bachchan was shooting for [[Ramesh Sippy]]'s ''[[Sholay]]'' at that time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/Anupama-Chopras-100-favourite-films/articleshow/20662618.cms|title=Anupama Chopra's 100 favourite films!|last=Mazumdar|first=Arunima|work=The Times of India|date=16 October 2013|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>

The film contains a fight scene,<ref>{{cite book|title=India Today|date=1993|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited|page=166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GlDAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> which involves Bachchan performing [[Martial arts film|martial arts sequences]] inspired by [[Hong Kong action cinema|Hong Kong martial arts cinema]], which ''Deewaar'' was one of the first to do in Indian cinema.<ref name="Heide">{{cite book|last=Heide|first=William Van der|title=Malaysian Cinema, Asian Film: Border Crossings and National Cultures|date=2002|publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]]|isbn=9789053565803|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3HTdu1HuWQC&pg=PA148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Banker|first=Ashok|title=Bollywood|date=2002|publisher=[[Penguin Group]]|page=78|isbn=9780143028352|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=429ZAAAAMAAJ&q=deewaar+hong+kong}}</ref> Rather than following the Hollywood model, it follows the Hong Kong model, with an emphasis on acrobatics and [[Stunt performer|stunts]]. The style of fighting seen in ''Deewaar'' combined [[kung fu]] (as it was perceived by Indians) with [[Indian martial arts]] (particularly [[Pehlwani|Indian wrestling]]).<ref name="Morris">{{cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Meaghan|last2=Li|first2=Siu Leung|last3=Chan|first3=Stephen Ching-kiu|title=Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema|date=2005|publisher=[[Hong Kong University Press]]|isbn=978-1-932643-19-0|page=149|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdrHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA149}}</ref>

=== Soundtrack ===
{{Infobox album
| name = Deewaar
| type = Soundtrack
| longtype = to ''Deewaar''
| artist = [[R.D. Burman]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 1975
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| label = [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| producer = R.D. Burman
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The soundtrack of the movie was composed by [[R. D. Burman]], and the lyrics were penned by [[Sahir Ludhianvi]]. The soundtrack received praise.
{| class="wikitable tracklist" style="font-size:95%;"
!Song !!Singer(s)
|-
|"Kehdoon Tumhe, Ya Chup Rahun"
|[[Kishore Kumar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|"Maine Tujhe Maanga, Tujhe Paaya Hai"
|[[Kishore Kumar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|"Koi Mar Jaaye"
|[[Asha Bhosle]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]]
|-
|"Deewaron Ka Jungle"
|[[Manna Dey]]
|-
|"Idhar Ka Mal Udhar"
|[[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
|-
|"I Am Falling in Love with a Stranger"
|Ursula Vaz
|}

== Release ==

=== Release and sales ===
At the Indian box office, the film grossed {{INR|75 million|link=yes}}<ref name="boi75">[http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ== Box Office 1975], [[Box Office India]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020122136/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ%3D%3D |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> ([[United States dollar|$]]9{{nbsp}}million).{{efn|name=Exchange75|8.3759 Indian rupees per US dollar in 1975<ref name="sauder">{{cite web|title=Pacific Exchange Rate Service|url=http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/etc/USDpages.pdf#page=3|website=[[UBC Sauder School of Business]]|publisher=[[University of British Columbia]]|page=3|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref>}} In [[Bombay]] alone, the film grossed {{INR|10 million}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaur |first1=Raminder |last2=Sinha |first2=Ajay J. |title=Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema Through A Transnational Lens |date=2005 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=9788132103448 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cyGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189}}</ref> In terms of [[List of films by box office admissions|footfalls]], the film sold an estimated {{nowrap|{{#expr:75/(2.03*0.65+3.10*0.35) round 0}} million}} tickets at an average 1975 price of {{INR|{{#expr:(2.03*0.65)+(3.10*0.35) round 2}}0|link=no}} per ticket.<ref name="mittal">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJVodLc6NgoC&pg=PA77|title=Cinema Industry in India: Pricing and Taxation|last1=Mittal|first1=Ashok|date=1995|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870231|pages=71 & 77}}</ref> [[Adjusted for inflation]], this is equivalent to an estimated {{INR|{{#expr:31*134.38/1000 round 2}} billion}} ({{US$|{{To USD|4170|IND|year=2017|round=yes}} million|long=no}}) at an average 2017 price of {{INR|134.38}} per ticket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Releases 2017 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=2017 |website=[[Box Office India]] |year=2017 |access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

Numerous DVD editions entered the market by companies like "Eros Entertainment", "Shemaroo Entertainment" and "Eagle Home Video". These were released as non-restored, non re-mastered editions and bare bones, void of supplementary features. Eagle Home Video came out with a restored edition of this movie, preserving the original aspect ratio in a 4:3 pillar box and a DTS Master Audio (HD) in 2.0. The restoration took place in Shemaroo studios.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

===Critical response and international impact===
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Upon release, ''Deewaar'' was a major commercial success, ranking as the fourth highest-grossing [[List of Bollywood films of 1975|Bollywood film of 1975]],<ref>{{cite web|title=BoxOffice India.com|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ==|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016163451/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ==|archive-date=16 October 2013|access-date=22 June 2011|publisher=BoxOffice India.com|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and received critical acclaim, with critics praising the story, dialogue, screenplay, as well as the performances of the cast, particularly those of Bachchan, Kapoor and Roy. ''[[Indiatimes]]'' ranks ''Deewaar'' amongst the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films''.<ref name="Movies.indiatimes.com" /> It was one of the three [[Hindi films]] featured in the book ''[[1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die]]'', the others being ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957) and ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995).<ref>{{cite web|title=1001 Series|url=http://www.1001beforeyoudie.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119080055/http://1001beforeyoudie.com/|archive-date=19 November 2010|access-date=22 November 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

It was perceived by audiences to be [[anti-establishment]], while Amitabh Bachchan's character Vijay was seen as a [[vigilante]] [[anti-hero]], establishing Bachchan's image as the "angry young man" of Indian cinema.<ref name="hindustantimes" /> With the unprecedented growth of [[slum]]s across India at the time, Vijay was seen as a new kind of hero, with his suppressed rage giving a voice to the angst of the urban poor.<ref name="Mazumdar" /><ref name="Lee" /> ''Deewaar'' is also remembered for its iconic dialogues written by Salim-Javed. The most famous is when Shashi Kapoor delivers the line, "Mere paas maa hai" ("I have mother"), a line that is widely known in India and has become part of Indian popular culture.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 December 2017|title='Mere Paas Maa Hai': The iconic Deewar dialogue that makes Shashi Kapoor immortal|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/041217/mere-paas-maa-hai-the-iconic-deewar-dialogue-that-makes-shashi-kapoor-immortal.html}}</ref> The film ''[[Loins of Punjab Presents]]'' (2007) mocked how the line is sometimes wrongly attributed to Amitabh Bachchan.<ref name="Lal">{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=Vinay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3a9PyOmuWFcC&pg=PT5|title=Deewar|date=2012|publisher=[[Harper Collins]]|isbn=9789350292464|page=5}}</ref> It also established Parveen Babi as the "new Bollywood woman".<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite web|author1=Amitabh Bachchan|author2=Parveen Babi in Deewar|date=23 January 2005|title=As in life, so in death: lonely and lovelorn|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050123/asp/nation/story_4287764.asp|access-date=22 June 2011|publisher=Telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

The film cemented the success of the writing duo Salim-Javed, who went on to write many more blockbuster films. After the success of this film, the value of film writers skyrocketed thanks to Salim-Javed, and they soon were being paid as highly as some actors at the time.<ref name="topmoviestowatch" /> Amitabh Bachchan described Salim-Javed's screenplay for ''Deewaar'' as "the perfect script"<ref name="hindustantimes" /> and "the best screenplay ever" in Indian cinema.<ref name="indianexpress" /> ''Deewaar'', one of the first Indian films with an [[Martial arts film|action sequence]] modelled after [[Hong Kong action cinema|Hong Kong martial arts cinema]], popularised the use of martial arts sequences in Bollywood films from the 1970s to the 1990s.<ref name="Heide" /> The style of fighting popularised by ''Deewaar'', with acrobatics and [[Stunt performer|stunts]], and combining Chinese [[kung fu]] (as it was perceived by Indians, based on 1970s Hong Kong films) with Indian [[pehlwani]] wrestling, became the standard model for Bollywood action scenes up until the 1990s.<ref name="Morris" />

The film was later remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Magaadu (1976 film)|Magaadu]]'' (1976), in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Thee (1981 film)|Thee]]'' (1981), in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Nathi Muthal Nathi Vare]]'' (1983), in Persian as ''Koose-ye Jonoob'' (1978), and in Turkish as ''Acıların Çocuğu'' (1985). ''[[The Brothers (1979 film)|The Brothers]]'', a 1979 [[Hong Kong film]] produced by the [[Shaw Brothers Studio]], is a remake of this film.<ref name="scroll" /> Another remake of ''Deewaar'' was the 1994 Bollywood film ''[[Aatish: Feel the Fire]]'', starring [[Sanjay Dutt]] as the older criminal brother, [[Atul Agnihotri]] as the younger police brother, and [[Tanuja]] as the mother.<ref name="Chaudhuri245">{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Diptakirti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cri9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT245|title=Written by Salim-Javed: The Story of Hindi Cinema's Greatest Screenwriters|date=2015|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=9789352140084|page=245}}</ref> Hong Kong's [[Shaw Brothers]] studio remade ''Deewaar'' as ''[[The Brothers (1979 film)|The Brothers]]'' (1979),<ref name="scroll" /> which in turn inspired [[John Woo]]'s internationally acclaimed breakthrough ''[[A Better Tomorrow]]'' (1986).<ref name="bfi" /> ''The Brothers'' also starred a Hong Kong actor that would later be known for heroic bloodshed films, [[Danny Lee (actor)|Danny Lee]] (playing Shashi Kapoor's character), with a police officer persona later seen in Hong Kong crime films such as Woo's ''[[The Killer (1989 film)|The Killer]]'' (1989).<ref name="scroll" />

''Deewaar'' had an influence on [[Hong Kong cinema]] and in turn [[Hollywood cinema]], by playing a key role in the creation of the [[heroic bloodshed]] crime genre of 1980s [[Hong Kong action cinema]].<ref name="bfi">{{cite web|date=11 July 2019|title=Heroic Bloodshed: How Hong Kong's style was swiped by Hollywood|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/heroic-bloodshed-hong-kong-hollywood-cycle-influence|access-date=9 September 2019|website=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> ''Deewaar'', along with several later 1970s "angry young man" epics it inspired, such as ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' (1977), had similarities to elements later seen in 1980s Hong Kong heroic bloodshed films.<ref>{{cite book|last=Banker|first=Ashok|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=429ZAAAAMAAJ&q=deewar+hong+kong|title=Bollywood|date=2002|publisher=[[Penguin Group]]|page=83|isbn=9780143028352}}</ref>
[[File:Danny Boyle 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|252x252px|Deewaar was the inspiration behind director [[Danny Boyle]] (pictured above)'s [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008).]]
British director [[Danny Boyle]] described ''Deewaar'' as being "absolutely key to Indian cinema" and cited the film as an influence on his [[Academy Award]] winning film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008).<ref name="Kumar" /> The film's co-director [[Loveleen Tandan]] noted that "[[Simon Beaufoy]] studied Salim-Javed's kind of cinema minutely."<ref name="Hindu">{{cite web|date=11 January 2009|title='Slumdog Millionaire' has an Indian co-director|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901110925.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325234357/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901110925.htm|archive-date=25 March 2009|access-date=23 January 2009|work=The Hindu|df=dmy}}</ref> Actor [[Anil Kapoor]] noted that some scenes of ''Slumdog Millionaire'' "are like ''Deewaar'', the story of two brothers of whom one is completely after money while the younger one is honest and not interested in money."<ref>{{cite news|author1=Runna Ashish Bhutda|author2=Ashwini Deshmukh|author3=Kunal M Shah|author4=Vickey Lalwani|author5=Parag Maniar|author6=Subhash K Jha|date=13 January 2009|title=The Slumdog Millionaire File|newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=11&contentid=200901132009011303014836695d00b9e|url-status=dead|access-date=30 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508021832/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=11&contentid=200901132009011303014836695d00b9e|archive-date=8 May 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Slumdog Millionaire'', which pays homage to Amitabh Bachchan, has a similar narrative structure to ''Deewaar''. Composer [[A. R. Rahman]] referenced the film in his Oscar acceptance speech.<ref name="Lal" />

=== Awards and nominations ===
''Deewaar'' received the [[Filmfare Best Movie Award]] of 1976, and also won six more [[Filmfare Awards]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]], and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Kapoor), and received two other nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Bachchan) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Roy).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lakshmi, Times Exclusive Photo, 1975 Filmfare Awards: Actress ...|url=http://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/6671/Times-Exclusive/Lakshmi-Gulshan-Rai-K-T-Desai-K-K-V.html|access-date=2020-11-18|website=www.timescontent.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9" |[[23rd Filmfare Awards|1976]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| [[Gulshan Rai]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Filmfare Awards (1976)|url=http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000245/1976/1/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Director Award|Best Director]]
| [[Yash Chopra]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Actor Award|Best Actor]]
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Shashi Kapoor]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award|Best Supporting Actress]]
| [[Nirupa Roy]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Story Award|Best Story]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Salim–Javed]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Screenplay Award|Best Screenplay]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Dialogue Award|Best Dialogue]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Sound Award|Best Sound]]
| M. A. Shaikh
| {{won}}
|-
|}

== Further reading ==
* Dwyer, Rachel. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090505061752/http://www.bafta.org/learning/amitabh-bachchan-a-bollywood-life,172,BA.html Amitabh Bachchan: the Angry Young Man]." [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]], 16 November 2007.
* Lal, Vinay. "[http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Cinema/deewar.html Deewaar (The Wall)]." Revised excerpt from ''The Secret Politics of Our Desires: Innocence, Culpability, and Indian Popular Cinema'', ed. Ashish Nandy. London: Zed Press and Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 228–59
* Mazumdar, Ranjani.'' Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.
* Virdi, Jyotika. "[http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC38folder/Deewar.html Deewaar: the fiction of film and the fact of politics.]" ''Jump Cut'', No. 38, June 1993:26–32.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0072860|title=Deewaar}}

{{Yash Chopra}}
{{Salim-Javed}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFilm 1971–1990}}

[[Category:1975 films]]
[[Category:Trimurti Films]]
[[Category:1970s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Yash Chopra]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Salim-Javed]]
[[Category:1970s action drama films]]
[[Category:1975 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1970s crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films about brothers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films featuring an item number]]

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Deewaar