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Bijli Pasi

2026-05-09T16:10:00Z

2409:40E2:2011:89A:8000:0:0:0:

{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Indian folk hero}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Maharaja Bijli Pasi<br />{{lang|hi|महाराजा बिजली पासी}}
| image = File:Maharaja Bijli Pasi Ji.jpg
| alt = Bijli Pasi
| caption =
| spouse =
| title = [[Maharaja]] of [[Bijnor]]
| religion = [[Shaivism]], part of [[Hinduism]]
| family =
}}
'''Maharaja Bijli Pasi''' was a king from the [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]] community, According to popular belief, he ruled part of what is now [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Life==
Historical evidence for the existence of a king named Bijli Pasi is lacking. However, in 2000, the [[India Post|Department of Posts]], [[Government of India]] issued a commemorative stamp about him. The move was influenced by the caste upliftment movement of Pasis under the leadership of [[Dalit]] leader [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]. According to the stamp, Bijli Pasi founded the city of [[Bijnor]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].It is said that he consolidated his position when northern India was divided into several small states prior to the fall of the mighty empires of the past.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bgpEIb4tNjgC&pg=PA2045|title= Caste in Question: Identity Or Hierarchy?|first=Dipankar|last= Gupta|publisher=SAGE|year=2004|isbn=0761933247|accessdate=2020-07-11}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
The assertion of Bijli Pasi gave voice to the claims of Pasi that in the past there were Bharshiv kings and that they had a glorious history just like upper castes. The warrior image of Maharaja, often seen upon the walls of pasi community. He built 12 Ford in the oudh and he have very rich history and the most powerful king of Uttar Pradesh history.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dalit leaders]]
[[Category:Fictional Indian people]]

Eka Movement

2026-05-09T15:59:13Z

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{{Short description|Indian peasant movement started in 1921}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{inline|date=June 2019}}
'''Eka Movement''' or '''Unity Movement''' is a peasant movement which surfaced in [[Hardoi]], [[Bahraich]], [[Barabanki]] and [[Sitapur]] of North Western Province of U.P during the end of 1921. Initially started by Congress and the Khilafat movement, it was later headed by [[Madari Pasi]]. The main reason for the movement was high rent, which was generally higher than 50% of recorded rent in some areas. Oppression by ''thekedars'' who were entrusted to collect rent and practice of share rent also contributed to this movement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian National Congress and Eka Movement in Awadh |url=https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v8i1/ART20194597.pdf |website=IJSR|accessdate=29 November 2022 |date=29 November 2022}}</ref>

The Eka meetings were marked by a religious ritual in which a hole that represented River Ganga was dug in the ground and filled with water, a priest was brought in to preside and assembled peasants vowed that they would pay only recorded rent but pay it on time, would not leave when ejected, would refuse to do forced labour, would give no help to criminals and abide by the Panchayat decisions, they would not pay the revenue without receipt and would remain united under any circumstance. Small zamindars who were disenchanted with British Government due to heavy land revenue demand were also a part of this movement.

Soon the leadership of Movement changed from Congress to Madari Pasi, This led the movement losing contact with nationalist class. Because in this the national leader was Mahatma Gandhi and his ideology was based on non violence. The loss of supporters and backing of Congress due to the violent turn of the movement made it easier for colonial authorities to repress the movement.

In March 1922, arresting of the leader Madari Pasi by the British government brought the Eka Movement to an end.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* ''India's Struggle for Independence'' by Bipin Chandra, Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, Suchetha Mahajan, KN Panikkar
* [https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v8i1/ART20194597.pdf Indian National Congress and Eka Movement in Awadh] ISSN: 2319-7064

[[Category: Social movements in India]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Peasant revolts in India]]

Boria caste

2026-05-09T15:56:55Z

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{{short description|Indian caste}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{ethnic group|
|image = Baurasi Pasi Women.jpg
|caption = A Baurasi woman harvesting radish in northern India
|group = Baurasi/Pasi
|poptime =
|popplace = India
|langs = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|rels = [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Shivism]]
|related = [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]]
}}

The '''Boria''' or '''Baurasi''' also known as [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHQMAQAAMAAJ&q=borasi+pasi|title=India's Communities: H - M|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2|pages=2796|language=en}}</ref> are a [[Hindu]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in [[North India]]. Those in [[Uttar Pradesh]] have [[Other backward class|obc]] status. They are a sub-group of the Pasi community. The sub-group or caste also known as '''Baurasi Pasi'''. The Pasi are classified as Bhar or Bharshiv.

The Pasi community is remembered in many traditions as one of the ancient and historically rooted communities of northern India, especially in the Awadh region. Within community memory, Pasis are often seen as deeply connected to the land, with a heritage tied to courage, resilience, and regional leadership. Many historical evidences and cultural narratives associate them with the Bhar or Bharshiv legacy, reflecting a sense of ancestral pride and historical importance. The community includes several sub-groups such as Gujar, Kaithwas, Rajpasi, Trisulia, Parshuram, and Borasi, many of which have preserved strong martial traditions and warrior identities over generations. Some historical interpretations also link the Pasis to the Bharashiva dynasty, an ancient Naga ruling power that flourished between approximately 140 CE and 345 CE. The Pasi community’s enduring cultural identity remains firmly grounded in stories of valor, self-respect, and a lasting contribution to the broader historical fabric of India.

The Boriya are a sub-group of the [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]] community. Although of Pasi origin, the two communities are now quite distinct and do not intermarry. They are found mainly in the [[Awadh]] region, mainly in the districts of [[Gonda District|Gonda]], [[Faizabad District|Faizabad]], and [[Barabanki District|Barabanki]]. The Boria speak the [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] dialect.<ref name=autogenerated1>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part One edited by A Hasan & J C Das pages 340 to 344 Manohar Publications</ref>

==History==
The Pasi are endogamous and in their native places in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] their sub-groups are also endogamous but here in [[Nagpur]] only three, namely, the Baurasi, Kaithwas, and Gujar sub-groups are found, who have migrated from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The Baurasi Pasi are locally known as Bahoriia which is used as their [[surname]]. They are reported to have higher [[social status]] and are economically well off. The other two sub-groups in the social hierarchy are the Kaithwas and the Gujar. They do not have surnames in their native place but they have adopted various surnames such as Baharla, Gujar, etc., which are in fact their sub- caste names. They also have titles like [[Choudhury]]. The sub-castes were endogamous initially, but later on due to non-availability of suitable spouses in their own sub-caste locally and the involvement of big expenditure in bringing a wife from the native place, the three sub-groups have started inter-marrying with each other. They consider themselves to be [[Kshatriyas]] in the [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]] orders.

==Present circumstances==

The Boria are a strictly [[endogamy|endogamous]] community, and prefer marrying close kin. Most Baria belong to the [[Kabirpanthi]] sect.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The Boria are mainly a community of landowners and cultivators. They grow wheat and pulses, with animal husbandry being an important secondary occupation. Historically, the community were mainly tenant farmers, working on land owned by Indian society They live in multi-caste and multi-religious villages, but occupy their own quarters. Each of their settlement contains an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat. The panchayat acts as an instrument of social control, dealing with issues such as divorce and adultery.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The [[2011 Census of India]] for Uttar Pradesh showed the Boria population as 4558.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boria (Caste)}}
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]