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'''''Bijaganita''''' ([[IAST]]: ''{{IAST|Bījagaṇita}}'') was Indian mathematician [[Bhāskara II]]'s treatise on [[algebra]]. It is the second volume of his main work ''[[Siddhānta Shiromani]],'' [[Sanskrit]] for "Crown of treatises,"{{sfn|Plofker|2009|p=71}} alongside ''[[Lilāvati]]'', ''Grahaganita'' and ''Golādhyāya''.{{sfn|Poulose|1991|p=79}}<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1238540/bija-ganita Bijaganita] [[Britannica.com]]</ref><br />
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== Contents ==<br />
The book is divided into six parts, mainly indeterminate equations, quadratic equations, simple equations, surds. The contents are:<br />
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* Introduction<br />
* On Simple Equations<br />
* On Quadratic Equations<br />
* On Equations involving indeterminate Questions of the 1st Degree<br />
* On Equations involving indeterminate Questions of the 2nd Degree<br />
* On Equations involving Rectangles<br />
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In Bijaganita Bhāskara II refined [[Jayadeva]]'s way of generalization of Brahmagupta's approach to solving indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation which is known as [[chakravala method]] or cyclic method. Bijaganita is the first text to recognize that a positive number has two square roots<br />
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==Translations==<br />
The translations or editions of the Bijaganita into English include:<br />
* 1817. [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]], [https://archive.org/stream/algebrawitharith00brahuoft ''Algebra, with Arithmetic and mensuration, from the Sanscrit of Brahmegupta and Bháscara'']<br />
* 1813. [https://archive.org/details/bijaganitaoralge00bhasrich Ata Allah ibn Ahmad Nadir Rashidi; Samuel Davis]<br />
* 1813. [https://archive.org/details/bijaganitaoralge00bhas Strachey, Edward, Sir, 1812–1901]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091010194326/http://www.bprim.org/publication.php Bhaskaracharya's Bijaganita and its English and Marathi Translation by Prof. S. K. Abhyankar] <br />
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Two notable Scholars from Varanasi [[Sudhakar Dwivedi]] and [[Bapudeva Sastri]] studied Bijaganita in the nineteenth century.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Indian mathematics]]<br />
* [[Timeline of algebra and geometry]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{citation|title=Mathematics in India|title-link= Mathematics in India |publisher=Princeton University Press|first=Kim|last=Plofker|isbn=9780691120676|year=2009}}<br />
* {{citation|title=Scientific heritage of India, mathematics|first=K. G.|last=Poulose|volume=Volume 22 of Ravivarma Samskr̥ta granthāvali|publisher=Govt. Sanskrit College (Tripunithura, India)|editor=K. G. Poulose|year=1991}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121007161147/http://mlbd.com/BookDecription.aspx?id=7652 Hindi translation by Durga Prasad]<br />
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{{Indian mathematics}}<br />
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[[Category:Indian mathematics]]<br />
[[Category:Social history of India]]<br />
[[Category:History of science and technology in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of algebra]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century books]]</div>2603:7081:1501:BF70:C527:DEE7:5B3:6B0E