IndianPedia - User contributions [en]

Manikya Chempazhukka

2021-06-10T08:45:24Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Manikya Chempazhukka
| image =
| caption =
| director =[[Thulasidas]]
| producer = K Sivaraj
| writer =[[A. K. Sajan]]
| screenplay =[[Babu Janardhanan]]
| starring = [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Maathu]]
| music = [[Rajamani]]
| cinematography = Uthpan V Nayanar
| editing =
| studio = Saravana Productions
| distributor =
| released = 1995
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Manikya Chempazhukka''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1995|1995]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Thulasidas, starring [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2874|title=Manikya Chempazhukka|accessdate=2014-11-02|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3786|title=Manikya Chempazhukka|accessdate=2014-11-02|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>http://spicyonion.com/title/manikya-chempazhukka-malayalam-movie/</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Varikuzhilyil Ashokan Nair
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Lalichen Peruvazhiyil
* [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Njanasheelan Gurukkal
* [[Maathu]] as Sridevi/Rajavalli
* [[Sivaranjani (actress)]] as Rajavalli/ Anupama
* [[Sukumari]] as the matriarch
* [[KPAC Lalitha]] as Bhama
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Advocate
* [[Sainudeen]]
* [[TR Omana]]
* [[Beena Antony]] as Girija
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Mallan
* [[Kanakalatha]] as Sumungali
*[[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as Kunjukrishnan
* Ramyasree
* [[Shammi Thilakan]]
* [[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Bhoopathi

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0353709}}

[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thulasidas]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Maharana Pratap Engineering College

2021-06-10T08:45:13Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2008}}
'''Maharana Pratap Engineering College''' is an [[India]]n private engineering college in [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was established in the year 1999 by the Maharana Pratap Group of Institutions. The Group also operates its University in Jaipur (Pratap University). The College operates from 50 acres campus{{Vague|date=August 2014}} in Kothi, [[Mandhana, Kanpur]] and another campus (MIPS) in Baikunthpur, Bithoor, Kanpur. The group operates (MITS) Maharana Institute of Technology & Sciences in Gaura, MohanlalGanj, Raebareliey Road, Lucknow. The engineering courses offered are affiliated to [[Uttar Pradesh Technical University]], and recognized by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (A.I.C.T.E.). {{cn|date=June 2016}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

==External links==
*http://www.pratap.edu.in

[[Category:Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University]]
[[Category:Memorials to Maharana Pratap]]
[[Category:Private engineering colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1999]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-university-stub}}

Karate Girls

2021-06-10T08:44:51Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karate Girls
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Gokul]]
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] [[Bheeman Raghu]] [[Janardanan]]
| music = [[Shankar Ganesh]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = GG Films
| distributor = GG Films
| released = {{Film date|1988|02|19|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Karate Girls''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1988|1988]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Gokul. The film stars [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]], [[Bheeman Raghu]] and [[Janardanan]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Shankar Ganesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2131|title=Karate Girls|accessdate=2014-10-24|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4559|title=Karate Girls|accessdate=2014-10-24|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/karate-girls-malayalam-movie/|title=Karate Girls|accessdate=2014-10-24|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
*[[Bheeman Raghu]]
*[[Janardanan]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Shankar Ganesh]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Enne Kaanke" || Sunanda || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Paarivarum Ee Nimisham" || [[Lathika]], Sunanda || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 3 || "Snehamo" || Lathika, N. V. Haridas || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0352486|Karate Girls}}

[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sankar Ganesh]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kaazhchakkappuram

2021-06-10T08:44:30Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaazhchakkappuram
| director =[[V. R. Gopalakrishnan]]
| producer = Sreevalsam Cine Combines
| writer = G. Hiran
| screenplay = G. Hiran
| starring =[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
| music = [[Berny Ignatius]] [[S. P. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = [[Saloo George]]
| editing = [[N. Gopalakrishnan]]
| studio =
| distributor = Manorajyam Release
| released = 1992
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kaazhchakkappuram''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1992|1992]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by V. R. Gopalakrishnan, starring [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] and [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2630|title=Kaazhchakkappuram|accessdate=2014-10-30|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5989|title=Kaazhchakkappuram|accessdate=2014-10-30|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Plot==
Vishwanathan (Mukesh) is an unemployed youth. He tries his luck in a local body election and fails. He eyewitnesses a murder of a police officer and trouble follows.

==Cast==
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Viswanathan
* [[Sreeja]] as Soudamini
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Koprapurackel Chacko
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as K. Sreedharan Nair
* [[Monisha]] as Ammu
* [[Rajan P. Dev]] as Thomas Mathew aka Achayan
* [[Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair]]
* [[Sankaradi]] as Madhavan Pilla
* [[Mahesh (actor)|Mahesh]]
* [[Ganesh Kumar]] as Vijayan
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]]
* [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Appukuttan Nair
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Police Officer Hari
* [[Zeenath]]
* [[Mamukkoya]] as Uthkandan Pillai
* [[Indrans]]
* [[Sukumari]] as Narayani
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Sethumadhavan
* [[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]]
* [[Shivaji (Malayalam actor)|Sivaji]]
* Vinod Kozhikkode
* Pavithran as Police Officer
* Sudhakaran Nair

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0353593}}

[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Jeevitham Oru Raagam

2021-06-10T08:43:53Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jeevitham Oru Raagam
| image = Jeevitham Oru Raagam.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = UV Ravindranath
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Devan (actor)|Devan]], [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1989
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Jeevitham Oru Raagam''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1989|1989]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by UV Ravindranath, starring [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] and [[Shari (actress)|Shari]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2180 |title=Jeevitham Oru Raagam |accessdate=29 October 2014 |website=www.malayalachalachithram.com }} - {{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?4209 |title=Jeevitham Oru Raagam |accessdate=29 October 2014 |website=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018074758/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?4209 |archivedate=18 October 2014 }} - [http://spicyonion.com/title/jeevitham-oru-raagam-malayalam-movie/ "Jeevitham Oru Raagam (1989) Movie Details"] at ''Spicy Onion''</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Mohan
* [[Jagannadha Varma]] as Chithra's father/Muthalali
* [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Naanu
* [[Mala Aravindan]] as Koran Kozhijanpara
* [[Priya (actress)|Priya ]] as Sharada
* [[Ravi Menon]] as Ravi
* [[Shari (actress)|Shari]] as Chithra
* [[Thyagarajan]] as Raghavan
*[[Balan K Nair]] as Gopalan
*[[Mamukkoya]] as Sankaran
*[[K. R. Savithri]] as Radha's mother
*[[Valsala Menon]] as Savithri
*[[Shanavas]] as Rajesh
*Raji as Radha
*Jayalakshmi as Sheelavathi

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0353578}}

[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Jai Dwarkadheesh

2021-06-10T08:43:46Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jai Dwarkadheesh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| director = Sushil Gupta
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = 1977
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| website =
}}

'''''Jai Dwarkadheesh''''' is a [[Bollywood films of 1977|1977]] [[Bollywood]] film directed by Sushil Gupta.

==Cast==
*[[Ramesh Deo]] ... Shatdhanwa
*[[Manher Desai]] ... Balram
*[[Anita Guha]] ... Revati
*[[Hercules (actor)|Hercules]] ... Hanuman (archive footage)
*[[Kanan Kaushal]] ... Devi Satyabama / Chandrasena
*[[Ashish Kumar (actor)]] ... Lord Krishna (as Asis Kumar)
*[[Moolchand]] ... Dwarpal
*[[Polson (actor)|Polson]] ... Dwarpal
*[[Radha Saluja]] ... Devi Rukmani
*[[Jayshree T.]] ... Jamvanti
*[[B.M. Vyas]] ... Kritavarma

==Music==
#"Balak Jaisa Rup Liye" (Vaaman Avatar) - [[Mahendra Kapoor]]
#"Hey Deva Hey Deva Jai Jai Ganpati Deva" - [[Anuradha Paudwal]], Dilraj Kaur
#"Gauri Maa He Gauri Maa" - [[Suman Kalyanpur]]
#"Jai Dwarikadhish Jai Jai Dwarikadhish" - Mahendra Kapoor
#"Jhum Utha Aaj Mere Phulo Ka Aangna" - Suman Kalyanpur
#"Maya Chakra Chala" (Ahiliya Uddhar) - Suman Kalyanpur
#"Kaise Umar Aayi Re" - '''[[Asha Bhosle]]'''

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0384216|title=Jai Dwarkadheesh}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Harsha Iyer

2021-06-10T08:43:31Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Orphan|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

'''Harsha Iyer''' (born 12 March 1992) is an independent [[India]]n musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist from [[Chennai]], India. He was the frontman, guitarist and vocalist for Chennai-based punk rock band "Borrowed Halos" until 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Friday night live! |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/friday-night-live/article1709609.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=19 April 2011 |access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref> He has two solo albums (both self-produced) to his credit, where Iyer plays most of the instruments himself and sings the lead parts as well. His first independent, self-produced solo album ''Curious Toys'' was released on 28 September 2011 as an internet release through the popular online music website. Iyer followed up with a second album "When It's Time - Part I" in July 2012. Despite spending a lot on equipment that powers his well equipped bedroom studio setup "Studio Utopia", Iyer chose to put up both his albums for free download on his website granting a wider audience access to his music.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harsha Iyer:Bio |url=http://nh7.in/harshaiyer/ |date= |publisher=NH7 (webzine) }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Harsha Iyer was the first son born to Ashok and Swaroopa Iyer, and spent most of his childhood in his parents' Besant Nagar residence in Chennai. Iyer attended Bala Vidya Mandir Senior Secondary School.
He is said to have discovered his talent for music, during an incident in his 10th grade, where Iyer had to replace a fellow student in an Inter-school band competition at the last minute. After much hesitation he agreed to play guitar and provide vocals for the song "Holiday" by Greenday. Iyer did his part exceptionally well, and even went on to win the 'Best Vocalist' title much to the surprise of his teachers and friends. It is this incident that Harsha cites as the beginning and the inspiration to continue singing and writing his own songs, eventually leading him to take up music as a career.
.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Evolution of Harsha Iyer |url=http://rollingstoneindia.com/the-evolution-of-harsha-iyer/ |date=15 May 2012 |work=Rolling Stone India |access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I can't wait to perform live: Harsha Iyer
|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-20/news-and-interviews/31079294_1_new-album-first-album-new-material |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411051224/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-20/news-and-interviews/31079294_1_new-album-first-album-new-material |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |date= 20 Feb 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]
|access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sounds like curiosity |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/sounds-like-curiosity/article2591495.ece|newspaper=The Hindu: NXG |date=2 November 2011 |access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://harsha-iyer.bandcamp.com/ Harsha Iyer, website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iyer, Harish}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian rock singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian rock musicians]]
[[Category:Indie rock musicians]]
[[Category:Indian rock guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century male musicians]]

{{India-musician-stub}}
{{en-Wikipedia}}

Hridayathil Nee Mathram

2021-06-10T08:42:34Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hridayathil Nee Mathram
| image =
| caption =
| director = P. Govindan
| producer = K. H. Khan Sahib
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Sukumaran]] [[Janardanan]] [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] [[Vidhubala]]
| music = [[A. T. Ummer]]
| cinematography = Madhu Ambatt
| editing = G. Murali
| studio = Kanthi Harsha
| distributor = Kanthi Harsha
| released = {{Film date|1979|1|26|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Hridayathil Nee Mathram''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1979|1979]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by P. Govindan and produced by K. H. Khan Sahib. The film stars [[Sukumaran]], [[Janardanan]], [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] and [[Vidhubala]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[A. T. Ummer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=979|title=Hridayathil Nee Maathram|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1652|title=Hridayathil Nee Maathram|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/hredhayathil-nee-mathram-malayalam-movie/|title=Hridayathil Nee Maathram|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Sukumaran]]
*[[Janardanan]]
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]]
*[[Vidhubala]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[A. T. Ummer]] and lyrics were written by K. H. Khan Sahib.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Gopikamaarude" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || K. H. Khan Sahib ||
|-
| 2 || "Pottividaraan" (Thakaraattha Bandhangal undo) || K. J. Yesudas || K. H. Khan Sahib ||
|-
| 3 || "Praanan" || [[Ambili]] || K. H. Khan Sahib ||
|-
| 4 || "Punchiri Punarumee" || K. J. Yesudas || K. H. Khan Sahib ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0332654|Hredhayathil Nee Mathram}}

[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Gori clan

2021-06-10T08:42:27Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{multiple issues |
{{unreferenced|date=July 2015}}
{{notability|date=May 2021}}
}}

The '''Gori''' are a [[Rajput]] clan found in the state of [[Gujarat]], India. They are found mainly in [[Sankheda Mehvas]] in [[Panchmahal District]].

== See also ==

{{Empty section|date=May 2021}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Bhimsen 1950 film

2021-06-10T08:42:06Z

27.106.7.238:

{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2016}}
'''''Veer Bhimsen''''' is a [[Bollywood films of 1950|1950]] [[Bollywood]] film starring [[Trilok Kapoor]] and [[Nirupa Roy]]. The film was directed by [[Jayant Desai]]. It was released on 1 January 1950.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503206 |title=Zimbo Comes To Town 1960 Movie News, Wallpapers, Songs & Videos |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |date=1960-01-01 |accessdate=2016-04-21}}</ref> It's a Mahabharata movie, from the perspective of [[Bhima]].

==Cast==
* [[Trilok Kapoor]]
* [[Nirupa Roy]]
* [[Murad (actor)|Murad]]

==Remakes==
It was remade in 1964 by [[Chandrakant]], with [[Shahu Modak]] reprising his role as [[Krishna]], and again in 1985 by Sushil Vyas with Dara Singh starring as Bhima, in both.

==Music==
#"Rakho Laaj Hamari" - [[Geeta Dutt]]
#"Piya Chupke Se Aa Ke Bole Re" - [[Asha Bhosle]]
#"Aaj Bhanwar Me Naiya Kanhaiya" - Geeta Dutt
#"Aaj Mori Bagiya Me Bole" - Geeta Dutt
#"Sabse Bada Vidhata" - Geeta Dutt
#"Aayi Aayi Bahaar" - Asha Bhosle, [[Manna Dey]]
#"Dama Dum Dama Dum" - unknown
#"Koi Aaye Koi Jaaye" - Asha Bhosle, Manna Dey
#"Masale Jalti Suna Rahi Hai" - Geeta Dutt<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/bhimsen.htm |title=Bhimsen : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Bhimsen (1950) |website=Hindigeetmala.net |date=2016-03-21 |accessdate=2016-04-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|0214273}}}
{{Works based on the Mahabharata |state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Films scored by Avinash Vyas]]
[[Category:1950s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Bharath Gyan

2021-06-10T08:41:47Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2015}}

{{Infobox organization
| name = Bharath Gyan
| native_name =
| former_name =
| image =
| size = 
| alt = 
| caption = Official logo after taking due permission
| abbreviation =
| motto =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 
| founder = DK Hari and Hema Hari
| extinction = 
| merger =
| merged =
| type = 
| status = 
| purpose = 
| professional_title = 
| headquarters =
| location =
| coords = 
| region_served =
| services =
| membership =
| language =
| general = 
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| key_people =
| subsidiaries =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| slogan =
| website = {{URL|https://bharathgyan.com/|bharathgyan.com}}
| remarks =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bharath Gyan''' - translates to wisdom of [[Bharat|Bharata]] ([[names of India]]) - is a research initiative, engaged in collating the knowledge of India and its pan global ties through the ages, from a scientific, rational and integrated perspective<ref name="exbharat">{{cite news|title=Exploring the Many Faces of Bharat|newspaper=• The New Indian Express Chennai Edition|date=4 September 2008|author=Swahilya}}</ref> The husband and wife duo of DK Hari and Hema Hari, are its conceptualisers who endeavour to bring wealth of information hidden in ancient texts within the reach of Indians and the world at large.<ref name="indiabharath">{{cite news|title=India in the eyes of Bharathgyan|newspaper=City Express, Chennai edition|date=4 March 2007|author=Anupama Shekar}}</ref>

Besides publishing books,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Special correspondent|title=Deliving deep into telugu culture|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/delving-deep-into-telugu-culture/article5767684.ece|date=10 March 2014|location=Chennai}}</ref><ref name="ram39" /><ref name="lordram" /><ref name="purposeexistence">{{cite news|title=What is the purpose of our existence?|newspaper=ENS Bangalore|date=6 November 2012|author=Akshatha Shetty}}</ref><ref name="gloryIndia">{{cite web|title=Bringing back the glory of India|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article418210.ece?service=print|publisher=The new Indian express|author=Express News Service}}</ref><ref name="plunder loot">{{cite news|title=plunder of the past and loot of the present|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/the-plunder-of-the-past-the-loot-of-the-present/article2314131.ece|newspaper=the hindu|date=1 August 2011 |author=R. Devarajan}}</ref><ref name="doomsday" /> the couple deliver multimedia talks on their knowledge capsules to various, schools, academic institutions and corporate and social forums.<ref name="indiabharath" /><ref name="nerpada pesu">{{cite web|url=http://www.tamiltvshows.net/2015/01/nerpada-pesu-01-01-2015-puthiya-thalaimurai-tv-show/|title=indian historic congress response to PM statements|website=www.tamiltvshows.net|publisher=puthiya thalaimuria tv|last1=puthiya thalaimurai|first1=puthiya thalaimurai|accessdate=1 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104183555/http://www.tamiltvshows.net/2015/01/nerpada-pesu-01-01-2015-puthiya-thalaimurai-tv-show/|archive-date=4 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bharath Gyan has researched in over 100 facets of Indian civilisation, collaborating with traditional and scientific scholars from many countries, which includes scientists at [[CERN]], late S R Rao([[Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao]]) - marine archaeologist, [[Historical astronomy]] scholar Pushkar Bhatnagar<ref name="history_matters">{{cite news|title=history matters|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/history-matters/article5522782.ece|newspaper=the hindu|date=1 January 2014|author=Hema vijay}}</ref><ref name="ram39">{{cite news|title=Ram was 39 years old when he killed Ravana|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/nov/20inter.htm | publisher=Rediff | date=20 November 2007 | accessdate=9 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name="lordram">{{cite web|title=Lord Ram was born in 5114 BC|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-11-08/india/27204982_1_lord-ram-shri-ram-solar-eclipse|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030023317/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-11-08/india/27204982_1_lord-ram-shri-ram-solar-eclipse|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-10-30|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Sunit Bezbaroowa & Arvind Joshi}}</ref><ref name="doomsday">{{cite web|title=Doomsday Phobia - Whether world will end on 21st December 2012 as per Mayan Calendar?|url=http://www.poduniversal.com/2012/12/doomsday-phobia-whether-world-will-end.html|author=Pod Universal edition158}}</ref><ref name="ram10Jan5114">{{cite news|title=Rama was born on January 10, 5114 BC, Says researcher|newspaper=Sunday Express Bangalore edition|date=18 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="datingEra">{{cite web|last=bhatnagar|first=pushkar|title=dating the era of lord rama|url=http://www.vedicbooks.net/dating-lord-p-2991.html}}</ref> besides borrowing observations from the propounders of the Indo American link [[Miles Poindexter]] - Ayar-Incas,<ref name="Pointdexter">[https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/20702370?uid=3738256&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21103622795663], The Journal of the Polynesian society.</ref> [[Baron Alexander von Humboldt|Baron Alexandor Von Humboldt]], [[Donald Alexander Mackenzie]], Gordon Ekholm<ref name="Curator Gordon Ekholm">[http://www.ancient-encounters.com/Ancient-Encounters-English/Gordon_F._Ekholm_2.html]{{dead link|date=March 2015}}, curator emeritus Gordon Ekholm.</ref> Sir Edward Burnett Tylor, Paul Kirchoff, Viollet De Luc,<ref name="Viollet De Luc">[https://books.google.com/books?id=_STUAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=Eugene+Viollet-le-Duc+maya&source=bl&ots=YXV8moiLIy&sig=OwVojyrUBcRaXvl54Ubr3bWLDMc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZiUSU8aVLMHFoATAo4HgCg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Eugene%20Viollet-le-Duc%20maya&f=false], romancing the maya.</ref> Arysios Nunes Dos Santos<ref name="dos santos">[http://www.atlan.org/], Dravidians of South India reached before Columbus.</ref> Victor Wolfgan Von Hagen.

No peer-review of their research-collations (on ancient Indian history) is available in published space.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

Bharat Gyan is a non-profit research organisation<ref>{{cite news|title=Navaratri is a time to honour women|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5150050833632908418&SectionId=5171561142064258099&SectionName=Pune&NewsDate=20131013&NewsTitle=%25E2%2580%2598Navaratri%20is%20a%20time%20to%20honour%20women%25E2%2580%2599|newspaper=Sakal Times|date=13 October 2013|author=ST Correspondent}}</ref>

==Books==
* ''Brand Bharat-Vol1-Made In India''
* ''Brand Bharat-Vol-2-Roots In India''
* ''Brand Bharat-Vol-3-Unique to India''
* ''Brand Bharat-Vol-4-Leads From India''
* ''Brand Bharat-Vol-5-Future From India''
* ''Breaking The Myths-V-1-About Identity''
* ''Breaking The Myths-V-2-About Society''
* ''Breaking The Myths-V-3-About Prosperity''
* ''Breaking The Myths-V-4-About Ability''
* ''Historical Krishna-Vol-1''
* ''Historical Krishna-Vol-2''
* ''Historical Krishna-Vol-3''
* ''Historical Rama''
* ''Indo Japan''
* ''You Turn India''
* ''Creation Srishti Vignana''
* ''Understanding Shiva''
* ''Ramayana In Lanka''
* ''Ayodhya War And Peace''
* ''Telugu Talli''
* ''Triple Eclipse of 2009''<ref>https://bharathgyan.com/historical-rama/</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.bharathgyan.com/}}

[[Category:History of India]]
{{India-hist-stub}}

Arjun Dennis

2021-06-10T08:41:23Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Arjun Dennis
| image = Arjun Dennis.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Thevalakkara Chellappan]]
| producer = P. T. Xavier
| writer = [[Kaloor Dennis]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] [[Nirosha]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]
| music = [[S. P. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Vijaya Films
| distributor = Vijaya Films
| released = {{Film date|1988|8|24|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Arjun Dennis''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1988|1988]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Thevalakkara Chellappan]] and produced by P. T. Xavier. The film stars [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]], [[Nirosha]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] and [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[S. P. Venkatesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2081|title=Arjun Dennis|accessdate=2014-10-24|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1551 |title=Arjun Dennis |accessdate=2014-10-24 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024155506/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1551 |archivedate=24 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/arjun-dennis-malayalam-movie/|title=Arjun Dennis|accessdate=2014-10-24|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]
*[[Nirosha]]
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
*[[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]
*[[Pappukutty Bhagavathar]]
*[[Thiagarajan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0352177|Arjun Dennis}}

[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thevalakkara Chellappan]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Avalude Prathikaram

2021-06-10T08:40:48Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Avalude Prathikaram
| image =
| caption =
| director = P. Venu
| producer = Sivaram
| writer = C. P. Antony
| screenplay =
| starring = Ashalatha [[Praveena Bhagyaraj|Praveena]] [[Sathaar]] [[Kaduvakulam Antony]]
| music = [[M. K. Arjunan]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Lekha Movies
| distributor = Lekha Movies
| released = {{Film date|1979|2|16|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Avalude Prathikaram''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1979|1979]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by P. Venu and produced by Sivaram. The film stars Ashalatha, [[Praveena Bhagyaraj|Praveena]], [[Sathaar]] and [[Kaduvakulam Antony]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[M. K. Arjunan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=976|title=Avalude Prathikaaram|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1384 |title=Avalude Prathikaaram |accessdate=2014-10-12 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016181338/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1384 |archivedate=16 October 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/avalude-prathikaram-malayalam-movie/ |title=Avalude Prathikaaram |accessdate=2014-10-12 |publisher=spicyonion.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016110913/http://spicyonion.com/title/avalude-prathikaram-malayalam-movie/ |archivedate=16 October 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Cast==
*Ashalatha
*[[Praveena Bhagyaraj|Praveena]]
*[[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]]
*[[Sathaar]]
*[[Kaduvakulam Antony]]
*[[Nellikode Bhaskaran]]
*[[T. P. Madhavan]]
*[[Vijayalalitha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0331861|Avalude Prathikaram}}

[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Attahaasam

2021-06-10T08:40:42Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Attahaasam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =
| music = [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1984|3|17|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Attahaasam''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1984|1984]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]. The film has musical score by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1586|title=Attahaasam|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1603 |title=Attahaasam |accessdate=2014-10-20 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021014501/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1603 |archivedate=21 October 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/attahaasam-malayalam-movie/|title=Attahaasam|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Sukumaran]]
*[[Kalaranjini]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Chellam Chellam" || [[K. S. Chithra]], Chorus || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Vanamaali Nin Maaril" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], K. S. Beena || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0350559|Attahaasam}}

[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Ashokante Aswathikuttikku

2021-06-10T08:40:29Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Ashokante Aswathikuttikku
| image =
| caption =
| director =[[Vijayan Karote]]
| producer = chenganasseri bashir
| writer = [[Kaloor Dennis]]
| screenplay =[[Kaloor Dennis]]
| starring =[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]], [[Parvathi Jayaram]][[soman]]
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = [[G.Murali ]]
| studio = mb art movies
| distributor = liberty arts
| released = 1989
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Ashokante Aswathikuttikku''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1989|1989]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Vijayan Karote, starring [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] and [[Parvathi Jayaram]] in the lead roles. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2227|title=Ashokante Aswathikuttikku|accessdate=2014-10-29|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3312 |title=Ashokante Aswathikuttikku |accessdate=2014-10-29 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029123316/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3312 |archivedate=29 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malayalamcinema.com/userreview_ashokante-aswathikuttikku-.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107173306/http://www.malayalamcinema.com/userreview_ashokante-aswathikuttikku-.htm |archive-date=7 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Cast==
* Ashokan as Ashokan
* MG Soman
* Parvathi Jayaram as Aswathi
* Seema
* Jagathy Sreekumar
* Innocent
* Thilakan
* Adoor Bhasi
* Sankaradi
* Baby Chaithanya
* Devan
* Ravi Menon
* Santhakumari
* VK Sreeraman
* Valsala Menon
* Jayalalitha
* [[Bhagyalakshmi (actress)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0353200}}

[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Akash K Aggarwal

2021-06-10T08:39:40Z

27.106.7.238:

{{short description|Indian LGBT activist }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date= April 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Akash K Aggarwal
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = [[LGBT|LGBT activist]]
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards =
}}
'''Akash K Aggarwal''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[LGBT|LGBT activist]] and accessory designer who was one of the petitioners against [[Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/vivacity/love-conquers.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)]]|title=Love conquers|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 15 April 2021}}</ref>

==Career==
Aggarwal, who owns the Shubhashini Ornamentals brand, is also an accessory designer. He predominately works in [[Bollywood]]. Many celebrities have worn his jewelry, including [[Vidya Balan]], [[Sushmita Sen]], [[Swara Bhaskar]], and [[Kriti Sanon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/dont-seek-approval-acceptance-while-expressing-sexuality-says-designer-akassh-aggarwal-4932571/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|title=Don't seek approval, acceptance while expressing sexuality says, Designer Akassh Aggarwal|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 15 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/videos/entertainment/irw-winterfestive-17-rangyatra-subhashini-ornamentals-paints-day-2/|website=[[Asian News International]]|title=IRW Winter/Festive '17: 'Rangyatra' by Subhashini Ornamentals paints Day 2|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 15 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2015, Aggarwal showcased [[boudoir]] collection in [[India Runway Week]]. The theme and design of the show was a reconstruction of an exotic Royal Indian age. [[Gauhar Khan]] walked the ramp for Aggarwal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/gauhar-khan-jewels-up-india-runway-weeks-2nd-day/131146/|website=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|title=Gauhar Khan jewels up India Runway Week's 2nd day|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 16 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2016, veteran [[Bollywood]] actresses [[Zeenat Aman]] and [[Sharmila Tagore]] walked the ramp for Aggarwal in [[India Runway Week]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/fashion/6445-asia-s-youngest-designers-participate-year-s-irw|website=[[The Sunday Guardian]]|title=Asia's youngest designers to participate in this year's IRW|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 15 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2017, [[Swara Bhaskar]] walked the ramp of Aggarwal's show themed on ''Changing Phase Of Feminism'' on the final day of the [[India Runway Week]]. Aggarwal's spring summer range titled ''Tribe Vibe Collection'' resonates with the symbolism of old tribal art such as ''peroi and jadau'', as well as fine [[filigree]] techniques.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2017-05-01/Swara-Bhaskars-empowering-walk-for-Akassh-Aggarwal/297108|website=[[The Hans India]]|title=Swara Bhaskar's empowering walk for Akassh Aggarwal|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 16 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2018, Indian [[acid attack]] survivor [[Laxmi Agarwal]] walked the ramp for Aggarwal in [[India Runway Week]]. Aggarwal presented a special ''Surkh- you ignited'' collection for the event to protest against [[rape]]. He made [[Laxmi Agarwal]] and other models to wear red bands on their left hand to protest against rape and molestation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/india-runway-week-models-dressed-to-protest-against-rape/india/news/1210465.html|website=[[United News of India]]|title=India Runway: Models dressed to protest against rape|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 16 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/images/in-pictures-india-runway-week-2018|website=[[National Herald]]|title=In pictures: India Runway Week 2018|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 16 April 2021}}</ref>

Aggarwal paid tribute to the [[LGBT]] community in [[India Runway Week]], 2019 where [[LGBT]] models walked the ramp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/khabre/gbtq-named-for-the-second-day-of-india-runway-fashion-week-sahiba-aggarwal-won-the-challenge/126151/|website=[[Navodaya Times]]|title=India Runway fashion Week का दूसरा दिन रहा LGBTQ के नाम, साहिबा अग्रवाल ने जीता चैलेंज|language=hi|url-status=live|access-date= 15 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/gu/tvshows/details/india-runway-week/0-6-1927/shubhashini-ornamentals-by-aakassh-k-aggarwal-india-runway-week/0-1-manual_7g7o3bk7mf50|website=[[Zee5]]|title=Shubhashini Ornamentals by Aakassh K Aggarwal-India Runway Week|language=en|url-status=live|access-date= 15 April 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aggarwal, Akash K}}
[[Category:LGBT rights activists from India]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-activist-stub}}

France

2021-06-10T08:36:31Z

27.106.7.238:

{{about|the country}}
[[File:Rouen France Panoramic-View-02.jpg|thumb]]
'''France''' ({{Audio-IPA|en-us-France.ogg|/ˈfræns/}} or {{IPA|/ˈfrɑːns/}}; {{IPA-fr|fʁɑ̃s}}), officially the '''French Republic''' ({{lang-fr|République française}}, {{IPA-fr|ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz}}), is a [[country]] whose [[Metropolitan France|metropolitan territory]] is in [[Western Europe]] and that also includes various [[Overseas departments and territories of France|overseas islands and territories in other continents]].<ref name="CatTOM">For more information, see [[:Category:Overseas departments, collectivities and territories of France]].</ref> Metropolitan France extends from the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[English Channel]] and the [[North Sea]], and from the [[Rhine]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It is often referred to as ''L’Hexagone'' ("The [[Hexagon]]") because of the shape of its territory. France is a [[unitary state|unitary]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]] with its main ideals expressed in the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]].

[[Metropolitan France]] is bordered (clockwise from the north) by [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorra]], and [[Spain]]. The overseas departments and collectivities of France also share land borders with [[Brazil]] and [[Suriname]] (bordering [[French Guiana]]), and the [[Netherlands Antilles]] (bordering [[Saint-Martin]]). France is linked to the [[United Kingdom]] by the [[Channel Tunnel]], which passes under the English Channel.

France is the largest country in the [[European Union]] and the second largest in Europe. It has been one of the world's most [[Power in international relations|powerful]] countries for many centuries. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonized much of [[North America]]. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built [[French colonial empire|one of the largest colonial empires]] of the time, including large parts of [[North Africa|North]], [[West Africa|West]] and [[Central Africa]], [[Southeast Asia]], and many [[Pacific Islands|Pacific islands]]. France is a [[developed country]] and has the fifth largest [[Economy of France|economy]]<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate)], CIA World Factbook</ref> in the world, according to [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|nominal GDP figures]]. It is the most visited country in the world, with 82 million foreign visitors every year.<ref name="tourism.stat">{{cite web|publisher=Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency)|url=http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf|title=Le tourisme international en France en 2007|accessdate=2008-06-05|format=PDF|archive-date=2008-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195206/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> France was one of the first members of the [[European Union]], and has the largest land area of all members. It is also a founding member of the [[United Nations]], and a member of the [[Francophonie]], the [[G8]], [[NATO]], and the [[Latin Union]]. It is one of the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]]. France owns the largest [[List of countries with nuclear weapons|number of nuclear weapons]] with active warheads, and the largest number of [[Nuclear power in France|nuclear power plants]], in the European Union.

France's official language is [[French language|French]], which is also official in 29 other countries. Some other French speaking countries include Haiti, Cameroon, and Niger. An interesting fact is that the French king Louis XIX only enjoyed 20 minutes of royal fame after his father Charles X abdicated, leaving him to ascend the French throne in July 1830.

== Geography and climate ==
France is in [[Western Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/world/europe/western_europe/default.html|title=Western Europe|accessdate=2 August 2010}}</ref> France shares its [[border]]s with [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorra]], and [[Spain]].<ref name="kwintessential1">{{cite web|url=http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/France/Geography-of-France/540|title=French Geography|accessdate=2 August 2010}}</ref> France has two [[mountain]] ranges near its borders: the [[Alps]] in the east and the [[Pyrenees]] in the south.<ref name="kwintessential1"/> There are many rivers in France, including the [[Seine]] and the [[Loire River|Loire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.francethisway.com/tourism/french-rivers.php|title=French Rivers|accessdate=2 August 2010}}</ref> In the north and the west of France, there are low hills and river valleys.

In France there are many different [[climate]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/92/climate/Europe/France.html|title=Climates of France|author=World Travel Guide|accessdate=2 August 2010}}</ref> The [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] has a major effect on the weather in the north and west. This means the temperature is about the same most of the year. It is in the marine west coast climate region. In the east, winters are cold and the [[weather]] is good. Summers are hot and stormy. In the south, winters are cool and [[rain|wet]]. Summers are hot and dry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.francetourism.com/practicalinfo/general.htm|publisher=French Tourist Office|accessdate=2009-09-30|title=Practical Information on France – General|archive-date=2009-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805195645/http://www.francetourism.com/practicalinfo/general.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The north has a temperate climate similar to that of the United Kingdom and other Northern European countries.

France has the second-largest [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] (EEZ) in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html|title=EEZ of France|accessdate=1 August 2010}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> It covers 11,035,000 [[square kilometre|km2]] (4,260,637 [[square miles|sq mi]]). Only the [[United States]] has a larger one .

== History ==
The name "France" comes from the [[Latin]] word Francia ', which means "land of the [[Franks]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesunchronicle.com/articles/2008/04/20/features/3057797.txt|title=Origin of Francia|author=The Sun Chronicle|accessdate=3 August 2010}}</ref>

The borders of modern France are about the same as those of ancient [[Gaul]]. [[Celt]]ic Gauls inhabited Ancient Gaul. [[Julius Caesar]] conquered Gaul for [[Roman Empire|Rome]] in the 1st century BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Roman_Empire.shtml|title=Caesar Conquered Gaul|work=discoverfrance.net|author=Discover France|accessdate=3 August 2010}}</ref> Eventually, the Gauls adopted [[Romance languages|Roman]] speech ([[Latin]], from which the [[French language]] evolved) and Roman culture. [[History of Christianity|Christianity]] first appeared in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. It became firmly established by the fourth and fifth centuries.

[[File:Map France 1477-fr.svg|thumb|left|France in 1477. Red line: Limit of the Kingdom of France; Light blue: the royal domain]]
In the 4th century AD, the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]], principally the [[Franks]] invaded the Gauls. This is how the name ''Francie'' appeared. The modern name "France" comes from the name of the [[Capetian dynasty|Capetian]] Kings of France around Paris. The Franks were the first tribe of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire to convert to Christianity rather than [[Arianism]]. The French called themselves "the most Christian Kingdom of France".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html|title=France used this pretext to call themselves this|author=wff|accessdate=3 August 2010|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112834/http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Treaty of Verdun]] (843), divided [[Charlemagne]]'s [[Empire]] into three parts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.francebalade.com/histo/carolin.htm|title=Division of Charlemagne's empire into three parts|author=France Balade|accessdate=3 August 2010}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The biggest area was Western Francia. It is similar to modern France.

The [[Carolingian]] [[dynasty]] [[rule]]d France until 987, when [[Hugh Capet of France|Hugh Capet]] became [[King of France]]. His descendants, the [[Capetian dynasty|Direct Capetians]], the [[House of Valois]] and the [[House of Bourbon]], [[wikt:unify|unified]] the country with many wars and dynastic inheritance. The monarchy was the most [[great power|power]]ful during the 17th century and the reign of [[Louis XIV of France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uncg.edu/rom/courses/dafein/civ/timeline.htm|title=French History - Le Grand Siècle|author=UNCG|accessdate=3 August 2010|archive-date=1 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301141722/http://www.uncg.edu/rom/courses/dafein/civ/timeline.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> At that time, France had the [[Demographics of France|largest population in Europe]]. The country had a big influence over European [[politics]], [[economy]], and [[culture]]. [[French language|French]] became the common language of [[diplomacy]] in international affairs. Much of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] happened in France. French scientists made big [[Science|scientific]] discoveries in the 18th century. France also [[invasion|conquered]] many [[French overseas collectivities|overseas possessions]] in the Americas and Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.understandfrance.org/France/History3.html|title=French colonies History|author=Understand France|accessdate=3 August 2010}}</ref>

France had a [[monarchy]] until the [[French Revolution]] in 1789. The Great King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] and his wife, [[Marie Antoinette]], were [[executed]] in 1793.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/antoinette.html|title=Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette's executions|author=Lucidcafé|accessdate=3 August 2010|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609055954/http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/antoinette.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thousands of other French citizens were killed. [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] took control of the Republic in 1799. He later made himself Emperor of the First Empire (1804–1814). His armies conquered most of [[Europe|continental Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleonguide.com/campind.htm|title=Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte|author=Napoleonguide.com|accessdate=3 August 2010}}</ref> The [[metric system]] was invented by French scientists during the French revolution. That time 3 estates were developed.

After Napoleon's final defeat in 1815 at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], another monarchy arose. Later [[Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] created the Second Empire in 1852. Louis-Napoléon was removed after the defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian war]] of 1870. The Third Republic replaced his [[regime]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intellego.fr/soutien-scolaire-3eme/aide-scolaire-Education-civique-juridique-et-sociale/Les-regimes-politiques-de-France-de-1780-a-nos-jours./31424|title=Regimes of France|author=Intellego|accessdate=3 August 2010}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

The large [[French colonial empire]] in the 19th century included parts of [[West Africa]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. The culture and politics of these regions were [[influence]]d by France. Many [[colony|ex-colonies]] officially speak the [[French language|French]] language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alsintl.com/resources/languages/French/|title=French language in Colonies|author=alsintl.com|accessdate=3 August 2010|archive-date=1 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901085645/http://www.alsintl.com/resources/languages/French/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The country actively took part in both the [[WWI|First]] and [[WWII|Second World Wars]], with battles taking place on its soil. During the [[First World War]], millions were killed in the trenches including over a million in the [[Battle of the Somme]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/somme.htm|title=Battle of the Somme|author=firstworldwar.com|accessdate=3 August 2010}}</ref> The conditions were extremely difficult for the soldiers on the front. The last surviving veteran was Pierre Picault who died on 20 November 2008 at the age of 109.<ref name="France">[http://dersdesders.free.fr/france.html Ders Des Ders Report - France] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
During the Second World War, [[Nazi]]s [[wikt:occupy|occupied]] France. The Allies landed in Normandy on 6 June 1944 and began the [[Battle of Normandy]]. German forces lost France in just a few months.

== Divisions ==

The 13 regions and 96 [[departments of France|departments]] of [[metropolitan France]] include [[Corsica]]. France is divided into (administrative) [[region]]s:
* [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
* [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
* [[Brittany]] (''Bretagne'')
* [[Centre-Val de Loire]]
* [[Corsica]] (''Corse'')
* [[Grand Est]]
* [[Hauts-de-France]]
* [[Île-de-France]]
* [[Normandy]] (''Normandie'')
* [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
* [[Occitanie]]
* [[Pays de la Loire]]
* [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]

Corsica has a different status than the other 12 metropolitan regions. It is called ''[[collectivité territoriale]]''.

France also has five [[Overseas Regions of France|overseas regions]]:
* [[French Guiana]] (in South America)
* [[Guadeloupe]] (in the Caribbean)
* [[Martinique]] (in the Caribbean)
* [[Mayotte]] (in the Indian Ocean)
* [[Réunion]] (in the Indian Ocean)
These four overseas regions have the same status as the metropolitan ones. They are like the overseas American states of [[Alaska]] and [[Hawaii]].

Then France is divided into 101 [[Departments of France|departments]]. The departments are divided into 342 [[Arrondissements of France|arrondissements]]. The ''arrondissements'' are re-divided into 4,032 [[Cantons of France|cantons]]. The smallest [[Administrative division|subdivision]] is the [[Communes of France|commune]] (there are 36,699 communes). On January 1, 2008, [[INSEE]] counted 36,781 communes in France. 36,569 of them are in [[metropolitan France]] and 212 of them are in [[overseas France]].<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/documentation.asp| title=Code officiel géographique – Présentation|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2008-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/default.asp?page=nomenclatures/cog/outremer.htm| title=Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2008-06-27}}</ref>

== Government ==
The government of France is a [[semi-presidential system]] determined by the [[French Constitution]] of the French Fifth [[French Republic|Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Semi-presidential_system|title=France's political system}}</ref> The constitution declares the nation to be "an indivisible, [[secular]], [[Democracy|democratic]], and [[social]] [[Republic]]". It provides for a [[separation of powers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/depts/europe/francophone/principles_en.pdf|title=Separation of Powers|author=Guy Carcassonne|publisher=unc.edu|accessdate=4 August 2010}}</ref>

== Military ==
[[File:Gaule96.jpg|thumb|right|Nuclear [[aircraft carrier]] ''Charles de Gaulle'']]
[[File:French Republican Guard Bastille Day 2007 n4.jpg|thumb|upright|French Republican Guard]]

The French [[armed forces]] has four branches:
* The ''Armée de Terre'' (Army)
* The ''Marine Nationale'' (Navy)
* The ''Armée de l'Air'' (Air Force)
* The ''Gendarmerie Nationale'' (A military force which acts as a [[National]] [[Rural]] [[Police]])

France has about 359,000 military personnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf|title=Number of military personnel in France, page 32}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/westmb012302%5B1%5D.pdf|title=Number of military personnel in France, page 112}}</ref> France spends 2.6% of its [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) on [[defense (military)|defense]]. This is the highest in the [[European Union]]. France and the [[UK]] spend 40% of the EU defence [[budget]]. About 10% of France's defence budget is for its [[nuclear weapons]] force.

== Foreign relations ==
{{see also|European Union|United Nations Security Council}}

France is a member of the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml#f|title=Members of the UN|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=4 August 2010}}</ref> It is a permanent member of the [[United Nations Security Council]] and has [[veto]] rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp|title=Members of the Security council|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=4 August 2010}}</ref> It is also a member of the [[World Trade Organisation]] (WTO). It hosts the headquarters of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], [[UNESCO]] and [[Interpol]]. In [[1953]], the [[United Nations]] asked France to choose a [[coat of arms]] to represent them internationally. The French emblem is now on their [[passport]]s.

France was a founding member of the [[European Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/abc/history/index_en.htm|title=History of the EU|publisher=European Union|accessdate=5 August 2010}}</ref> In the 1960s, France wanted to exclude the [[United Kingdom]] from the [[organisation]]. It wanted to build its own [[Economy|economic]] [[Influence|power]] in continental [[Europe]]. France and [[Germany]] became closer after [[World War II]]. This was to try to become the most influential country in the EU. It limited the influence of the new [[Eastern Europe]]an members. France is a member of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organisation]] (NATO).<ref name="nato">{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/nato_countries.htm|title=NATO - Member countries|date=2010-07-30|publisher=Nato.int|accessdate=2010-08-03}}</ref> However, under [[Charles de Gaulle|President de Gaulle]], it left the joint military command. In the early 1990s, France received [[criticism]] for its underground [[nuclear weapons|nuclear]] tests in [[French Polynesia]]. France vigorously opposed the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2688117.stm|title=Opposition of the war in Iraq|publisher=BBC website|accessdate=5 August 2010}}</ref> France retains strong political and economic influence in its former [[Africa]]n colonies. For instance it has supplied economic aid and troops for peace-keeping missions in the [[Ivory Coast]] and [[Chad]].

== Economy ==
[[File:A380 Reveal 2.jpg|thumb|left|The first completed [[Airbus A380]] in [[Toulouse]] on 18 January 2005. Airbus is a symbol of the [[globalisation]] of the French and European economy.]]

France is a member of the [[G8]] group of [[wikt:lead#Verb|leading]] [[wikt:industry|industrialised]] countries. France has the eighth-largest economy in the world by [[gross domestic product|Gross domestic product (GDP)]] (which takes into account how much it costs to live in different countries and [[inflation]] rates).<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html|title = CIA World Factbook GDP PPP data update of 2008|publisher = US Government|date = 20 November 2008}}</ref> France and 11 other [[European Union]] members jointly launched the [[euro]] on 1 January 1999 and started using it in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1845045.stm|title=Euro launched in 12 countries}}</ref>

France's economy has nearly 2.9 million registered companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journaldunet.com/management/repere/entreprises_france_type.shtml|title=Number of companies in France}}</ref> The government has a considerable influence over [[railway]], [[electricity]], [[aircraft]], and [[telecommunications]] firms (as it owns big companies like [[SNCF]] and [[Électricité de France|EDF]] (French electricity)).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investisseurs.edf.com/the-edf-group/edf-investors/stock-information/shareholding-policy-117065.html|title=Shareholding policy|date=31 December 2007|publisher=Électricité de France|accessdate=2009-04-05|archive-date=2012-07-09|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709190130/http://investisseurs.edf.com/the-edf-group/edf-investors/stock-information/shareholding-policy-117065.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> France has an important aerospace (design of [[aircraft]] and [[spacecraft]]) industry led by [[Airbus]].<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{cite web| url=http://www.ademe.fr/midi-pyrenees/documents/a_3/cnes_dossier_presse.pdf| title=France| author=CNES| format=PDF| accessdate=2007-05-30| archive-date=2007-06-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629155229/http://www.ademe.fr/midi-pyrenees/documents/a_3/cnes_dossier_presse.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> It can also launch [[rocket]]s from [[French Guiana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/kourou_origin.html|title=Rocket launch site in Kourou}}</ref>

France has invested a lot in [[nuclear power]]. This made France the smallest producer of [[Greenhouse gas|carbon dioxide]] among the seven most industrialised countries in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bls-frenchcourses.com/french-economy-industry-GB.html|title=France, smallest producer of CO2|access-date=2009-09-12|archive-date=2009-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627085127/http://www.bls-frenchcourses.com/french-economy-industry-GB.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result, 59 nuclear power plants generate most of the electricity produced in the country (78% in 2006,<ref>{{cite web |author=DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie|date=April 2007|url=http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/statisti/se_elec.htm|title=Électricité en France: les principaux résultats en 2006.|accessdate=2007-05-23}}</ref> up from only 8% in 1973, 24% in 1980, and 75% in 1990).

France is the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ameinfo.com/185827.html|title=France is the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe}}</ref> France exports [[wheat]], [[poultry]], [[dairy]] products, [[beef]], and [[pork]]. It is also famous for its [[wine]] industry. France received 10 billion euros in 2006 from the European Community as [[Subsidy|subsidies]] to its farmers.<ref name="BBCCap">{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4407792.stm|title = Q&A: Common Agricultural Policy |publisher = BBC News|date = 20 November 2008}}</ref>

At one time, the Factory Act of 1833 limited the workday for women and children to 11 hours a day.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/lesson13.htm |title=1833 Factory Act |accessdate=2010-03-14 |author2=Kew, Richmond, Surrey |work= The National Archives }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
On 1 January 2008, it was estimated that 63.8 million people live in France, including in the [[Overseas Regions of France]].<ref name="entire">{{cite web |url= http://www.insee.fr/en/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1170&reg_id=0|title=Demographic report 2007 - The birth rate remains very high|publisher =Government of France - INSEE|accessdate=2008-01-15}}</ref> 61,875,000 of these live in metropolitan France, the part of the country that is within [[Europe]].<ref name=entire/>

=== Ethnic groups ===
The major ethnic groups living in France today are descended from [[Celt|Celtic people]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman people]].<ref name="USStateDeptBN">{{cite web|url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3842.htm|title = Background Note: France|work = Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs: Electronic Information and Publications Office > Background Notes - Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs |date = August 2008|publisher = U.S. State Department|accessdate = 2008-10-24}}</ref> The significant minority groups living in France are:
* Teutonic, that is [[Germanic peoples]]<ref name="USStateDeptBN" />
* [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]]<ref name="USStateDeptBN" />
* people from [[North Africa]]<ref name="USStateDeptBN" />
* Sub-Saharan African - people from [[Africa]] who live south of the [[Sahara]] desert<ref name="USStateDeptBN" />
* people from [[Indochina]]<ref name="USStateDeptBN" />
* people from the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] of southwest Europe<ref name="USStateDeptBN" />

== Culture ==
[[File:Claude Monet 1899 Nadar.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Claude Monet]], founder of the [[Impressionism|Impressionist]] movement]]
[[File:Chateau de Montsoreau Museum of contemporary art Loire Valley France.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Château de Montsoreau]] is the only castle in France built in the [[Loire]] river bed.]]
=== Language ===
{{main|French language}}
[[French language|French]] is the official [[language]] of France. It belongs to the [[Romance language]] group, which includes [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. Many regional [[dialect]]s are also used in France. [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]], a [[Germany|German]] dialect, is spoken in [[Alsace]] and in parts of [[Lorraine]] in eastern France. French was the language of [[diplomacy]] and [[culture]] in [[Europe]] between the 17th and 19th century and is still widely used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=207636|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423103843/http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=207636|archivedate=2008-04-23|title=France an important language of diplomacy}}</ref>

Some people in France also speak [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[German language|German]], [[Flemish language|Flemish]], and [[Occitan language|Occitan]].

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=France religiosity
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|54}}
{{bar percent|Not religious|gray|31}}
{{bar percent|Islam|green|5}}
{{bar percent|Judaism|pink|1}}
{{bar percent|Other religions or no opinion|brown|10}}
}}

France is a [[Secularism|secular]] country and the [[constitution]] guarantees freedom of [[religion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/constitution.asp|title=Constitution of 1958|accessdate=13 August 2010|publisher=Assemblée Nationale}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The [[population]] is about 51% [[Roman Catholic]], and 31% of people are [[Agnosticism|agnostics]] or [[Atheism|atheists]]. 5% are [[Islam|Muslim]], 3% say they are [[Protestantism|Protestant]] and 1% say they are [[Judaism|Jewish]]. 10% are from other religions or do not have an opinion about religion.<ref>{{cite web |author=Catholic World News |publisher= |year=2003 |url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=48547 |title=France is no longer Catholic, survey shows |accessdate=2007-01-11}}</ref><ref name="religion">{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică], ''[[Cotidianul]]'' 2007-01-11</ref> There are also [[Zoroastrian]], [[Unitarian Universalism|Unitarian Universalist]], [[Jainism|Jain]] and [[Wicca]]n communities. Religions founded in France include [[Raelism]].

According to a Poll in 2007:<ref name="EUROBAROMETER">{{cite web| url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf | title= Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 - page 11|format = PDF| accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref>
* '''34%''' of French citizens responded that ''"they believe there is a [[God]]"''.
* '''27%''' answered that ''"they believe there is some sort of [[spirit]] or life force"''.
* '''33%''' answered that ''"they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force"''.

=== Literature ===
{{main|French literature}}
[[File:Dartagnan-musketeers.jpg|right|thumb|''The Three Musketeers'' by [[Alexandre Dumas, père|Alexandre Dumas]]]]
French literature began in the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature.shtml|title=French literature started in the Middle Ages}}</ref> French was divided into several dialects at the time. Some authors [[spelling|spelled]] words differently from one other.

During the 17th century, [[Pierre Corneille]], [[Jean Racine]], [[Molière]], [[Blaise Pascal]] and [[René Descartes]] were the main authors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://17emesiecle.free.fr/Auteurs.php|title=French authors of the 17th century|author=17eme siecle|accessdate=2 August 2010}}</ref>

In the 18th and 19th centuries, French literature and poetry reached its best. The 18th century saw writings of authors, [[essay]]ists and [[moral]]ists as [[Voltaire]] and [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]].
As for French children's literature in those times, [[Charles Perrault]] wrote stories such as "[[Little Red Riding Hood]]", "[[Beauty and the Beast]]", "[[Sleeping Beauty]]" and "[[Puss in Boots]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perraultfairytales.com/en/stories|title=Perrault's tales|accessdate=2010-09-12|publisher=PerraultFairyTales.com|archive-date=2011-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715065339/http://www.perraultfairytales.com/en/stories|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Many famous French novels were written in the 19th century by authors such as [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alexandre Dumas, père|Alexandre Dumas]] and [[Jules Verne]]. They wrote popular novels like [[The Three Musketeers]], [[The Count of Monte-Cristo]], [[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]], [[The Hunchback of Notre-Dame]] and [[Les Misérables]]. Other 19th century fiction writers include [[Emile Zola]], [[Guy de Maupassant]], [[Théophile Gautier]] and [[Stendhal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature.shtml |title=French Literature |accessdate=2010-08-03 |last=Boorsch |first=Jean |date=1996 |work=Discoverfrance.net |page=5 }}</ref>

Famous novels were written during the 20th century by [[Marcel Proust]], [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] and [[Michel Houellebecq]].

=== Sports ===
[[File:TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|right|thumb|The ''Peloton'' (means "pack" in French) of the [[Tour de France]]]]
The [[Tour de France]] [[cycling]] [[Racing|race]] in July is one of the best-known [[sport]]ing events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html|title=Famous tour de France|author=Damian Papworth|accessdate=2010-09-16|archive-date=2011-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718024209/http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a three-week race of around 3,500 km that covers most of France and ends in the centre of Paris, on the ''Avenue des Champs-Elysées''. [[Football (soccer)|Football]] is another popular sport in France. The French team won the [[FIFA World Cup]] in 1998 and 2018. They also won the [[UEFA European Football Championship]] in 1984 and 2000. France also hosts the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] [[car race]]. France also hosted the [[Rugby World Cup]] in 2007 and finished fourth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://french.lovetoknow.com/Popular_French_Sports |title=Popular French Sports |accessdate=2010-08-03 |last1=Dautaj |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Delp |first2=Valorie |last3=Finley |first3=Amy |work=LoveToKnow Corp. }}</ref>
France is closely associated with the [[Olympic Games|Modern Olympic Games]]. At the end of the 19th century, the [[Baron]] [[Pierre de Coubertin]] suggested having the Olympic Games again. France hosted the [[Summer Olympics]] twice, in 1900 and 1924, in [[Paris]]. France will host the Summer Olympics in 2024, in [[Paris]]. France also hosted the [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter Games]] three times: in 1924 in [[Chamonix]], in 1968 in [[Grenoble]], and in 1992 in [[Albertville]].

=== Cuisine === 
[[File:Terrine de saumon au basilic.JPG|thumb|right|230px|Basil salmon [[Terrine (food)|terrine]]]]

French cuisine has influenced the style of cooking throughout Europe, and its chefs work in restaurants throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delices-du-monde.fr/recettes-francaise.html|title=Diversity of French Cuisine|accessdate=1 August 2010}}{{in lang|fr}}</ref>

The roots of modern ''haute cuisine'' lie in chefs like [[François Pierre La Varenne|La Varenne]] (1615–1678) and the notable chef of [[Napoleon]], [[Marie-Antoine Carême]] (1784–1833). These chefs developed a lighter style of food compared to the food of the [[Middle Ages]]. They used fewer spices, and more [[herb]]s and creamy ingredients.

Typical ingredients like [[roux]] and fish stock, and techniques such as [[marinade|marinading]], and dishes such as [[ragout]], were invented. Carême was an expert pâtissier (pastry-maker), and this is still a mark of French cooking. He developed basic sauces, his 'mother sauces'; he had over a hundred sauces in his repertoire, based on the half-dozen mother sauces.

French cuisine was introduced in the 20th century by [[Auguste Escoffier|Georges Auguste Escoffier]] (1846–1935). He was a genius at organisation. He worked out how to run large restaurants, as in a big hotel or a palace; how the staff should be organised; how the menu was prepared. He had methods for everything. Escoffier's largest contribution was the publication of ''Le Guide Culinaire'' in 1903, which established the fundamentals of French cookery. Escoffier managed the restaurants and cuisine at the [[Savoy Hotel]] and [[Carlton Hotel]] in [[London]], the [[Hôtel Ritz Paris]], and some of the greatest cruise ships.

Escoffier, however, left out much of the culinary character to be found in the [[regions of France]].

Gastro-tourism and the ''[[Guide Michelin]]'' helped to make people familiar with the rich [[bourgeois]] and peasant cuisine of the French countryside in the 20th century. [[Gascony|Gascon]] cuisine has also had great influence over the cuisine in the southwest of France. Many dishes that were once regional have become common all over the country. [[Cheese]] and [[wine]] are a major part of the cuisine, playing different roles regionally and nationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodcooking.com/frcheese.htm|title=French Cheeses|accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.franceway.com/cheese/|title=French Cheese|accessdate=1 August 2010|archive-date=27 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827131743/http://www.franceway.com/cheese/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trifter.com/practical-travel/world-cuisine/top-10-most-tasty-cuisines-in-the-world/|title=The world's best cuisines|accessdate=1 August 2010|archive-date=26 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726071220/http://trifter.com/practical-travel/world-cuisine/top-10-most-tasty-cuisines-in-the-world/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the [[north]] of France, people often prefer to use [[butter]] to [[wikt:cook|cook]]. In the [[south]], they prefer [[olive oil]] and [[garlic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jvmxWfyZ2tFVA3qcmC7DkX6SMi5g|title=Butter and oil in French Cuisine|accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> In France, each [[Regions of France|region]] has its own special [[dish]]; [[choucroute]] in [[Alsace]], [[quiche]] in [[Lorraine]], [[cassoulet]] in the [[Languedoc-Roussillon]], and [[tapenade]] in [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]].

In November 2010, '''French gastronomy''' was added by [[UNESCO]] to its lists of the world's 'intangible cultural heritage'.<ref>[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/stories/DN-culture_17int.ART.State.Edition1.b21e71.html Bon appétit: Your meal is certified by the U.N.] Dallas Morning News</ref><ref>[http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/celebrations_healing_techniques_crafts_and_culinary_arts_added_to_the_representative_list_of_the_intangible_cultural_heritage/ Celebrations, healing techniques, crafts and culinary arts added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage]</ref>

=== Tourism ===
[[File:Chateau-de-versailles-cour.jpg|thumb|The [[Palace of Versailles]] is one of the most popular tourist destinations in France.]]
France is the number one [[tourist]] destination in the world. In 2007, 81.9 million foreign tourists visited France.<ref name="gouv2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf|title=Le tourisme international en France en 2007|publisher=Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency)|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195206/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf|archivedate=24 June 2008|accessdate=2008-06-05}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> [[Spain]] comes second (58.5 million in 2006) and the [[United States]] come third (51.1 million in 2006).
Some of the most famous attractions in Paris, are the [[Eiffel Tower]] and the [[Arc de Triomphe]]. Another one is [[Mont Saint Michel]], in [[Normandy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm|title=Musées et Monuments historiques}}</ref>

A European [[Disneyland]] is located in a [[suburb]] east of Paris. The resort opened in 1992 and is also a popular tourist destination in [[Europe]].

==Related pages==
* [[France at the Olympics]]
* [[France national football team]]
* [[List of rivers of France]]

== References ==
[[File:Paris 06 Eiffelturm 4828.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Eiffel Tower]]]]
{{reflist|2|refs=
}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=upper-roman}}

== Other websites ==
{{commons|France}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{cite web|url=http://about-france.com|title=Clear but detailed information about France|author=About-France.com}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html|title=CIA World Factbook – France|author=Central Intelligence Agency}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.lescommunes.com/index.en.html|title=Cities and Towns in France|author=Lescommunes.com|accessdate=2010-08-08}}

{{Europe}}
{{Group of 7}}
{{European Union}}
{{North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:France| ]]
[[Category:European Union member states]]
[[Category:Former good articles]]
[[Category:French-speaking countries]]
[[Category:G8 nations]]
[[Category:G7 nations]]

Ghamasan

2021-06-10T08:31:31Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Infobox website
| name = Ghamasan
| logo = Ghamasan logo.png
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| branding =
| logoalt =
| launch_date = 2016
| closed date =
| share =
| share as of =
| share source =
| owner = Rajesh Rathore
| editor =
| author = Rajesh Rathore
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| broadcast area =
| headquarters = [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| former names =
| registration =
| eissn =
| replaced names =
| timeshift names =
| url = {{url|ghamasan.com}}
}}

'''Ghamasan''' or ghamasan.com is an Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi]] news and media website owned by Rajesh Rathore, focusing on national news, breaking political news, business news, sports news, entertainment industry and current affairs in India. The website was launched in 2016 and was founded by [[Rajesh Rathore]] with headquarter in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Ghamasan|last1=News|accessdate=2021-02-13|title=Ghamasan.com is known for its political, business, sports, and social concern news.|url=https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy8zZTA3MWU0Yy9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw|website=Google Podcasts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-13|title=ghamasan.com - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding|url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ghamasan-com|website=Crunchbase}}</ref> The company also run a few Facebook pages under Ghamasan Indian Army, Ghamasan Bollywood, Ghamasan entertainment and Ghamasan bhakti. The website is listed in Top 30 Hindi News portal of Indian in W3 Newspapers and has a total number of 2.1 Million followers on [[Facebook]]. The website is managed by Rajesh Rathore a recipient of Life Time Achievement award in the field of Journalism and his son Raj Rathore.

Apart from publishing news articles the company also provide website banner and footer Ads, event and social media promotions, Facebook virality, video marketing and digital PR stories creation services.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{url|ghamasan.com|Official website}}
*{{Facebook|GHMSNNews}}
*{{Twitter|ghamasan2}}
*{{Youtube|UCEXVTaUbkQh7Vs0iJlfWs0A}}

[[Category:Indian news websites]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in India]]

{{stub}}

Magician Mahendralal from Delhi

2021-06-10T08:19:07Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Magician Mahendralal from Delhi
| image =
| caption =
| director =K Radhakrishnan
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1998
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}
'''''Magician Mahendralal from Delhi''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1998|1998]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film directed by K Radhakrishnan and starring [[Bheeman Raghu]] and [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3102|title=Magician Mahendralal from Delhi|accessdate=2014-11-07|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?917|title=Magician Mahendralal from Delhi|accessdate=2014-11-07|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nthwall.com/ml/movie/Magician-Mahendralal-From-Delhi-1998/9465400828 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-11-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107160729/http://www.nthwall.com/ml/movie/Magician-Mahendralal-From-Delhi-1998/9465400828 |archivedate=7 November 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Bheeman Raghu]] as S.I Kumar
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as H.C Kariya
* [[Mala Aravindan]] as Mammad
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Velayudhan
* [[Shanavas]] as Sanal
* [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Shivan Pilla
* [[Ravi Menon]] as Const.Vareethu

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0273765}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bharya Oru Devatha

2021-06-10T08:19:01Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bharya Oru Devatha
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[N. Sankaran Nair]]
| producer = S. Kumar
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Sukumari]] [[Sukumaran]] [[Bahadoor]] [[Jalaja]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Sastha Productions
| distributor = Sastha Productions
| released = {{Film date|1984|8|7|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bharya Oru Devatha''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1984|1984]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[N. Sankaran Nair]] and produced by S. Kumar. The film stars [[Sukumari]], [[Sukumaran]], [[Bahadoor]] and [[Jalaja]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1554|title=Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bhaarya Oru Devatha|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?295|title=Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bhaarya Oru Devatha|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kudumbam-oru-swargam-bharya-oru-devatha-malayalam-movie/|title=Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bharya Oru Devatha|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Sukumari]]
*[[Sukumaran]]
*[[Bahadoor]]
*[[Jalaja]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0351192|Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bharya Oru Devatha}}

[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. Sankaran Nair]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kayamkulam Kanaran

2021-06-10T08:18:49Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Kayamkulam Kanaran
| image =
| caption =
| director =Nissar
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =Sarath Haridas, [[Madhupal]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 26 April 2002
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kayamkulam Kanaran''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 2002|2002]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Nissar, starring Sarath Haridas and [[Madhupal]] in the lead role. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3482|title=Kayamkulam Kanaran|accessdate=2014-11-04|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5255 |title=Kayamkulam Kanaran |accessdate=2014-11-04 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104124330/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5255 |archivedate= 4 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>http://spicyonion.com/title/kayamkulam-kanaran-malayalam-movie/</ref>

==Cast==
* Kottayam Nazeer
* Kalabhavan Shajon
* Indrans
* Prajod Kalabhavan
* Janardhanan
* Madhupal
* Beena Antony
* Kannur Sreelatha
* MR Gopakumar
* Mala Aravindan
* Sarath Haridas
* Seetha (Devaasuram)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0356785}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s Malayalam-language films]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kashillatheyum Jeevikkam

2021-06-10T08:18:43Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Kashillatheyum Jeevikkam
| image =
| caption =
| director = Jose Puthussery
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =[[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 2002
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kashillatheyum Jeevikkam''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 2002|2002]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Jose Puthussery, starring [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] and [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] in the lead role. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3520|title=Kashillatheyum Jeevikkam|accessdate=2014-11-04|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5476|title=Kashillatheyum Jeevikkam|accessdate=2014-11-04|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.filmihood.com/movies/flm0000003033 |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216214500/http://www.filmihood.com/movies/flm0000003033 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==
Two unemployed bachelors struggle to earn a living. However, they get themselves in trouble when they resort to illegal ways to make money

==Cast==
* Jagathy Sreekumar
* Ajith
* Kalpana
* Pradeep
* Rahul Rajwi
* Kalabhavan Shajohn
* Machan Varghese
* Mamukkoya
* Manuraj
* NF Varghese
* Priyanka
* Rassia
* Salim Kumar
* Saritha Balakrishnan
* TS Raju

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0356782}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s Malayalam-language films]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kanyakumariyil Oru Kavitha

2021-06-10T08:18:37Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Kanyakumariyil Oru Kavitha
| image =
| caption =
| director =Vinayan
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Vineeth]], [[Suchitra (actress)|Suchitra]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1993
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kanyakumariyil Oru Kavitha''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1993|1993]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Vinayan and starring [[Vineeth]] and [[Jayabharathi]] in lead roles. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2665|title=Kanyakumariyil Oru Kavitha|accessdate=2014-10-27|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?1774|title=Kanyakumariyil Oru Kavitha|accessdate=2014-10-27|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>http://spicyonion.com/title/kanyakumariyil-oru-kavitha-malayalam-movie/</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Jayabharathi]]
* [[Suchitra Murali]]
* [[Rajan P. Dev]]
* [[Alummoodan]]
* Anil Murali
* Deepthi
* [[Mala Aravindan]]
* Sarath Babu
* Shivaji
* Spadikam George
* Suma Jayaram
* [[Vineeth]]

==Box office==
The film was a box office failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam/interview.php?id=6005432&cid=2406|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121002903/http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam/interview.php?id=6005432&cid=2406|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2014|title=Vinayan|work=[[Sify]]|date=1 February 2002}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0353611}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vinayan]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Janmadinam film

2021-06-10T08:18:04Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Janmadinam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Suma Josson]]
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Beena Paul]]<ref name="51stNFA">{{cite web|title=51st National Film Awards|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm51NFAAward.aspx|page=127|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|format=PDF|accessdate=25 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505174032/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm51NFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1997
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}
'''''Janmadinam''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1997|1997]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film directed by [[Suma Josson]] and starring [[Nedumudi Venu]] and [[Nandita Das]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3076|title=Janmadinam|accessdate=2014-11-08|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5532 |title=Janmadinam |accessdate=2014-11-08 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108101851/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5532 |archivedate= 8 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-janmadinam-starring-nandita-das-murali-menon/1/275000.html</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Nedumudi Venu]]
* [[Nandita Das]]
* [[Murali Nair]]
* Baby Shilpa
* [[Surekha Sikri]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0199642}}

[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam

2021-06-10T08:17:52Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Siddique Shameer]]
| producer = V. Varghese
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = Shiju, Reshmi Soman
| music = [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]]
| cinematography = Venugopal
| editing = P. C. Mohanan
| studio =
| distributor = Seven Star Releasing
| released = 1996
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam''''' is a 1996 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[Siddique Shameer]], starring [[Shiju]] and [[Jagathy Sreekumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2916|title=Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam|accessdate=2014-11-09|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?745|title=Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam|accessdate=2014-11-09|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Prasad gets released from prison after serving a term of four years. He is shocked to learn that his lover Indu is no more interested in him.

==Cast==
*[[Shiju]] as Sreeprasad
*[[Reshmi Soman]] as Shilpa Fernadez
*[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Benny
*[[Idavela Babu]] as Murugan
*Nandulal as Anoop
*[[Madhupal]] as Manu
*Nandu Pothuval as Harikrishnan
*[[Sonia Kapoor]] as Geethu Narendran
*[[M. S. Thripunithura]] as Sathyanath
*[[Harisree Ashokan]] as Nanda Varma
*[[Sadiq]] as guest appearance
*[[Bindu Panicker]] as Kamalam
*[[Thesni Khan]] as guest appearance
*[[Rajan P. Dev]] as Maliyekkal Fernadez
*[[Kalabhavan Navas]]
*[[Nadirsha]]
*[[Ponnamma Babu]]
*Reena
*[[Salim Kumar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0355555}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Malayalam novels]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Idayan

2021-06-10T08:17:45Z

27.106.7.238:

{{No plot|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Idayan
| image =
| caption =
| director =Santosh Sauparnika
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =John Mathew, Rajeev Rangan, Joy Purayidathil
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2010|08|16|df=y|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nthwall.com/ml/movie/Idayan-2010/9465402206 |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029152852/http://www.nthwall.com/ml/movie/Idayan-2010/9465402206 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Idayan''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] historical film, directed by Santosh Sauparnika, starring John Mathew and Rajeev Rangan in the lead roles and Joy Purayidathil in a supporting role.<ref>http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8009/malayalam/edayan/index.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/awards2010/malayalam_films.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-10-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507120945/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/awards2010/malayalam_films.php |archivedate=7 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Cast==
* John Mathew
* Rajeev Rangan
* Santosh Souparnika
* Joy Purayidathil
* Sidhraj

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s Malayalam-language films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Harthaal

2021-06-10T08:17:22Z

27.106.7.238:

{{short description|1998 film directed by Krishnadas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Harthaal
| image =
| caption =
| director = Krishnadas
| producer =
| writer = Vishudas V.K
| screenplay =P.S Kumar
| starring =
| music = [[Mohan Sithara]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1998
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}
'''''Harthaal''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1998|1998]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film directed by Krishnadas and starring [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] and [[Vani Viswanath]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3155|title=Harthaal|accessdate=2014-11-07|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?5394|title=Harthaal|accessdate=2014-11-07|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as A.S.P Sanalkumar
* [[Vani Viswanath]] as Mekhamala.S.Thamby
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Immam
*[[Vijayakumar (Malayalam actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Nazeer
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Ikkili Mathen
*[[C. I. Paul]] as Rarichen
* Kumarakom Raghunath as Comm.Shekharan Thamby
* Chandni Shaju as Raani/Kunjuvava
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Clinton
*[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Dimple Mariya
*Kaviyoor Renuka as Annakkutty
*[[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Tarzan
*[[Shammi Thilakan]] as Bakker
*[[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Usthad
*[[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Kukko Singh
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Gharam Pal Yadav/Wincent Cavelly
*MohanRaj as Killer Robert
* [[Indrans]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0273257}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Ennum Sambhavami Yuge Yuge

2021-06-10T08:17:15Z

27.106.7.238:

{{short description|2001 film by Alleppey Ashraf}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Ennum Sambhavami Yuge Yuge
| image =
| caption =
| director =Alleppey Ashraf
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =Riyaz Pathanapuram, [[Srividya]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 20 April 2001
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Ennum Sambhavami Yuge Yuge''''' (Malayalam: എന്ന സംബവാമി യുഗെ യുഗെ) is a [[Malayalam films of 2001|2001]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Alleppey Ashraf, starring Riyaz Pathanapuram and [[Srividya]] in the lead roles. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3364|title=Ennum Sambhavami Yuge Yuge|accessdate=2014-11-03|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?2269 |title=Ennum Sambhavami Yuge Yuge |accessdate=2014-11-03 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103183050/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?2269 |archivedate=3 November 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Cast==
* Sri
* [[Shalu Menon]] as Sona
* Riyaz Pathanapuram as Kiran
*[[Sreevidya]] as Professor/Kiran's mother
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Kuttappy
* [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Tapanokka/Kalayani
* [[Bharath Gopi]] as Kiran's uncle
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Ramettan
* [[Indrans]] as Kiran's Friend
* [[Jagadish]] as Sankarankutty
* [[Mala Aravindan]]
* [[Usha (actress)|Usha]] as Shantha

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0319363}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s Malayalam-language films]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Dupe Dupe Dupe

2021-06-10T08:17:05Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Dupe Dupe Dupe
| image =
| caption =
| director =Nissar
| producer = P. S. M. Ali
| writer = Siraj, P. S. M. Ali
| screenplay =
| starring =Haisting, Devan, C. P. Rajasekharan, Baiju Joseph
| music = Sanjeev Babu
| cinematography = C. M. Muthu
| editing = G. Murali
| studio = Crystal Creations
| distributor = See Line Relese
| released = 2001
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Dupe Dupe Dupe''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 2001|2001]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Nissar, starring C. P. Rajasekharan and Baiju Joseph in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3373|title=Dupe Dupe Dupe|accessdate=2014-11-03|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3141|title=Dupe Dupe Dupe|accessdate=2014-11-03|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Cast==
* C. P. Rajasekharan
* Baiju Joseph
* Haisting
* Jose Pallissery
* Kalabhavan Haneef
* Kalabhavan Narayanankutty
* Nalin Potti
* Rajeev Kalamassery
* Santhakumari
* Shafeer
* Solomon
* Raja Mohammed
* Swetha
* Sudheer Attingal

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0322113}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s Malayalam-language films]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Chaithanyam

2021-06-10T08:16:40Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{lead too short|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Chaithanyam
| image =
| caption =
| director =Jayan Adiyattu
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring =[[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1995
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Chaithanyam''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1995|1995]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Jayan Adiyattu, starring [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] and [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] in the lead roles. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2896|title=Chaithanyam|accessdate=2014-11-02|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?4927|title=Chaithanyam|accessdate=2014-11-02|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102115207/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?4927|archivedate=2 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] as Devadathan
* [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Savithri
* [[Jagadish]]
*[[Thilakan]] as Brahmadathan Namboothiri
*[[Narendra Prasad]] as Thekkepattu Ravunni Nair
*[[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijaya Raghavan]] as Rajan
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Krishnankutty
*[[Kuthiravattom Pappu]] as Gopalji
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Kathreena
*[[Chithra (actress)|Chithra]] as Sreedevi
*[[Valsala Menon]] as Karthyayani
*[[Jose Pellisseri]] as Thoma
*[[VK Sriraman]] as Hajiyar
*Remadevi as Sarojini

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0357532}}

[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s Malayalam-language films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Arikkari Ammu

2021-06-10T08:16:17Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Arikkari Ammu
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Sreekumaran Thampi]]
| producer = N. R. Sasikumara Kurup
| writer = G Vivekanandan [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = Sreekumaran Thampi
| starring = [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] Suchithra Sasi
| music = [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
| cinematography = C. Ramachandra Menon
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| studio = Nangasseril Combines
| distributor = Nangasseril Combines
| released = {{Film date|1981|03|19|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Arikkari Ammu''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 1981|1981]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] and produced by Sasikumar. The film stars [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Jayabharathi]], [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] and Suchithra Sasi in the lead roles. The film featured original songs composed by [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1237|title=Arikkaari Ammu|accessdate=2014-10-17|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3084 |title=Arikkaari Ammu |accessdate=2014-10-17 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017152929/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3084 |archivedate=17 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/arikkari-ammu-malayalam-movie/|title=Arikkari Ammu|accessdate=2014-10-17|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]
*[[Jayabharathi]]
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]]
*Suchithra Sasi

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] and the lyrics were written by [[Sreekumaran Thampi]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Etho Etho Poonkaavanathil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], Usha Ravi || [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Paavunangi Kalamorungi" || [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]], Chorus || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|-
| 3 || "Panchaayathu Vilakkananju" || K. J. Yesudas || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|-
| 4 || "Valliyakkante Varikka Plavil" || [[C. O. Anto]], Usha Ravi || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0333094|Arikkari Ammu}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series| Chellamma]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sreekumaran Thampi]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Anagha film

2021-06-10T08:16:00Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Anagha
| image =anaghafilm.png
| caption =Poster designed by [[Gayathri Ashokan]]
| director =[[Babu Narayanan]]
| producer =Joseph Ozhukayil Jo Joseph
| writer =Joseph Ozhukayil
| screenplay =Purushan Kadalundi Padmanabhan (dialogue)
| starring =[[Nedumudi Venu]] [[Parvathi Jayaram|Parvathy]] 
| music =[[Mohan Sithara]] Joseph Ozhukayil (lyrics)
| cinematography =
| editing = [[B Lenin]] [[VT Vijayan]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 1989
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Anagha''''' is a 1989 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[Babu Narayanan]], starring [[Nedumudi Venu]] and [[Parvathi Jayaram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2237|title=Anagha|accessdate=2014-10-29|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?4044 |title=Anagha |accessdate=2014-10-29 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029065601/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?4044 |archivedate=29 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>http://spicyonion.com/title/anagha-malayalam-movie/</ref>

==Cast==
* Nedumudi Venu
* Murali
* Parvathi Jayaram
* Vasanth
* Captain Raju
* Pavithran
* Jagannadha Varma
* Jomol
* Mamukkoya
* Thodupuzha Vasanthy
* Vineeth Kumar
* Sudha
* Aparna
* Jayanthi

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB title|0353182}}

[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Babu Narayanan]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Agnisaram

2021-06-10T08:15:42Z

27.106.7.238:

{{Notability|1=Films|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Agnisaram
| image = Agnisaram poster.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[A. B. Raj]]
| producer = A. B. Raj
| writer = A. B. Raj
| narrator =
| starring = [[Jayan]] [[Sukumaran]] [[Jayabharathi]]
| music = [[M. K. Arjunan]]
| cinematography = N. A. Thara
| editing = K. Sankunni
| studio =
| distributor =
| released ={{Film date|1981|5|8|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Agnisaram ''''' (1981) is an [[India]]n film in [[Malayalam]] language film, directed by [[A. B. Raj]],<ref name="prd">{{cite web|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1981.htm|title=List of Malayalam films released during the year 1981|publisher=PRD, [[Government of Kerala]]|accessdate=2009-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183312/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1981.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> starring [[Jayan]], [[Sukumaran]], [[Jose Prakash]] and [[Jayabharathi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/mmdb/1716.html|title=Agnisaram [1981]|publisher=Malayala Sangeetham Database|accessdate=2009-07-27}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Jayan]] as Babu
*[[Sukumaran]] as Rajagopal
*[[Jose Prakash]] as Gopalan
* [[C. I. Paul]] as Badran
* [[Kaduvakulam Antony]] as Shankaran Nair
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Susheela
*[[Alummoodan]] as Police Constable
* [[Santo Krishnan]]
* [[Prathapachandran]]
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] as Bhavani
* [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Chenthengu Mukkil Madhavikutty
* [[Reena (actress)|Reena]] as Latha
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Sreedevi
* Manjeri Chandran
* Thodupuzha Radhakrishnan as Mani
* Master Suresh
* P.R Varalakshmi
* Biyatris
* Rajani
* Usilaimani
* Haripad Soman
* Velliman Vijayan
* Babu Kadakkavoor
* Vazhoor Rajan
* Master Stanli
* Panikkar
* Narayanan
* R.P Sarathi
* Balan
* Shankar
* Vasu
* Prema
* Ragini
* Baby Jayanthi

==Soundtrack==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Song || Playback || Lyrics || Duration
|-
| "Virunnu Vannu Snehathin..."
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| [[Sreekumaran Thampi]]
|
|-
| "Poo Chirichu..."
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jayaram]]
| Sreekumaran Thampi
|
|-
| "Malankavil Poorathinte..."
| Swarna, Chorus
| Sreekumaran Thampi
|
|}

==Reception==
The film was a hit in [[Kerala]] in 1981.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{imdb title|0332561|Agnisaram}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. B. Raj]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Ajinkya Bhasme

2021-06-10T08:15:37Z

27.106.7.238:

'''Ajinkya Bhasme''' is an Indian author who writes [[Horror fiction|Horror]] and [[Crime fiction|Crime]] fiction giving it a psychological perspective. His books discuss about rare [[mental health]] illnesses to spread awareness through works of [[literary fiction]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-18|title=Who’s the killer?|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/181118/whos-the-killer.html|access-date=2021-03-13|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Ajinkya Bhasme, author of 'As Death Stared Back'|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/meet-ajinkya-bhasme-author-of-as-death-stared-back-142732634.html|access-date=2021-03-13|website=in.style.yahoo.com|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Early Life & Education ==
Bhasme studied [[chemical engineering]] at [[IIT Bombay]].

== Publications ==
When the Devil Whispers {{ISBN|978-1719808316}}, his first work is about a group of women kidnapping children and committing a mass murder. The book contrasts the usual crime fiction where the perpetrator are commonly men.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The chilling horror 'When the Devil Whispers'|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/education/books/the-chilling-horror-when-the-devil-whispers-205039.html|access-date=2021-03-13|website=News Nation English|language=en}}</ref> As Death Stared Back {{ISBN|978-9387131361}}, his second work is a book about [[Capgras delusion|Capgras Delusion]] - a mental disorder.<ref>{{Cite web|title='As Death Stared Back' novel: Not a regular horror story|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2019/nov/22/not-a-regular-horror-story-2065403.html|access-date=2021-03-13|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Ajinkya Bhasme Unveils His First Psychological-Horror Book|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/art/author-ajinkya-bhasme-unveils-his-first-psychological-horror-book-%27as-death-stared-back%27-41615|access-date=2021-03-13|website=Mumbai Live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-11-10|title=Author Interview: What’s real, what’s fake? Fictionalising a disorder called Capgras Delusion|language=en-US|work=dtNext.in|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2019/11/10032222/1196674/Author-Interview-Whats-real-whats-fake-Fictionalising-.vpf|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref>

== References ==
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[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
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