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Flag of Jammu and Kashmir

2021-10-17T09:08:57Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:54E:27DF:2468:826E:

{{short description|Flag of the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir between 1952–2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = State of Jammu And Kashmir
| Image = Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1952-2019).svg
| Use = [[State flag]]
| Noborder = 
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption = 1952
| Relinquished = 2019
| Design = It is a red-and-white flag with a representation of a [[plough]] and three constituent regions of the state.
}}

The '''flag of Jammu and Kashmir''' was a symbol used in the former Indian [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|state of Jammu and Kashmir]] between 1952 and 2019, under the special status accorded to the region by [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|Article 370]] of the [[Constitution of India]]. It was a red-and-white flag with a representation of a [[plough]] and three constituent regions of the state. After the abolition of Article 370 in August 2019, this flag lost its official status.<ref name="JammuAugust 7">{{Cite web|date=August 7, 2019|title=J&K flag to be removed permanently after revocation of special status for J&K|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/j-k-flag-article-370-revocation-special-status-kashmir-bifurcation-1578363-2019-08-07|access-date=2020-10-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
===Origins===
Article 144 of the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]], stated that flag of the state shall be rectangular 3:2 format. Its colour is red, which originally came to be symbolise workers and labourers. In the middle a white plough further symbolises the peasants. Next to the staff, three vertical white stripes represent the three regions of [[Jammu Division|Jammu]], [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]].<ref name="tfos">{{cite magazine|last1=Noorani|first1=A. G.|date=4 September 2015|title=Two flags, one State|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/two-flags-one-state/article7550135.ece|magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref>

The flag had its origin in events that took place on 13 July 1931 in [[Srinagar]]. On the day, Kashmiri Muslims were protesting outside the Srinagar Central Jail premises at Srinagar where the Abdul Qadeer was arrested on the charge of terrorism and inciting public against the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir by Dogra state forces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/martyrs-day-observed-in-kashmir-leaders-pay-tribute/article18460308.ece|title=Martyrs' Day observed in Kashmir, leaders pay tribute|date=2006-07-14|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/july-13-jammu-and-kashmir-kashmiri-pandits-martyrs-day/story/1/4963.html|title=Truth about the martyrs of Kashmir's July 13 carnage|website=www.dailyo.in|access-date=2018-07-13}}</ref> The blood-tainted shirt of one of the victims was then hoisted by the crowd as the new flag of Kashmir.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
On 11 July 1939, the older version flag was adopted by the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], a political party. On 7 June 1952, a resolution was passed by the [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]], making it the official state flag.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

===2015 controversy===
The [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]], in force until August 2019, made it mandatory to hoist the state flag alongside the [[Flag of India]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=Under BJP pressure, J&K withdraws flag order|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maintain-sanctity-of-state-flag-says-jk-govt/article6990160.ece|accessdate=28 April 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 March 2015}}</ref> In 2015, the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|newly elected]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] members in the [[Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly]] refused to hoist the state flag in their offices. BJP Ministers did not hoist the state flag either, as they consider that it is of no importance.<ref name="The Hindu"/>

The government led by [[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]] [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] then issued a circular making it compulsory to hoist the state flag along with the national flag, stating that "The state flag has the same sanctity and position as the national flag has under the Indian Constitution and other statutory provisions." However, within 20 hours, the state government withdrew this circular.<ref name="The Hindu"/><ref name=TOI>{{cite news|title=J&K govt withdraws order on state flag|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/JK-govt-withdraws-order-on-state-flag/articleshow/46560560.cms|accessdate=28 April 2015|newspaper=The Times of India|date=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mufti government withdraws controversial circular on state flag|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/mufti-government-jammu-kashmir-circular-state-flag-pdp/1/423791.html|accessdate=28 April 2015|magazine=India Today|date=14 March 2015}}</ref> On withdrawal of the circular, the Jammu & Kashmir BJP spokesperson said, ""Our leaders cannot have any other flag on their vehicles besides the [[Flag of India|Tricolour]]. We welcome the withdrawal of the circular."<ref name="The Hindu"/>

In December 2015, the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]] ordered the government of the state to hoist the state flag along with national flag on official buildings and vehicles of constitutional authorities.<ref>{{cite web|title=J&K High Court directs Mufti government to hoist state flag on buildings of constitutional authorities|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/jk-high-court-directs-mufti-government-to-hoist-state-flag-on-buildings-of-constitutional-authorities-1182588.html|accessdate=29 December 2015|publisher=IBNLive|date=28 December 2015}}</ref> However, this decision was contested by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and in January 2016 Jammu and Kashmir High Court stayed their decision. Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir [[Nirmal Kumar Singh]] said that no flag could be hoisted at an equal level of the national flag of India. Other parties alleged that the BJP is trying to impose its nationalist agenda on a state with special status.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jammu-and-Kashmir-high-court-stays-its-two-flag-order/articleshow/50405403.cms |title=Jammu and Kashmir high court stays its two-flag order|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 January 2016 |accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref> Despite the stance of the BJP, ministers of its coalition partner [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|PDP]] continue to use the state flag alongside the national flag in official meetings. The youth wing of the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] also launched a campaign encouraging people to use the state flag as the profile image on their social media accounts saying that "the state flag of Jammu and Kashmir doesn't undermine or take away the protocol or status of the national flag and is clearly provided for in our constitution."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-isolated-as-pdp-ministers-display-jk-flag/article8069507.ece|title=BJP isolated as PDP ministers display J&K flag|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 January 2016|accessdate=7 January 2016}}</ref>

===Abolition===
The flag lost its official status on 6 August 2019 following the [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|removal of the region's special status]] through the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jk-state-flag-removed-from-secretariat-5936554/|title=Jammu & Kashmir state flag removed from secretariat|date=26 August 2019}}</ref> and was lowered for the last time on 25 August 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir-state-flag-removed-from-civil-secretariat-in-srinagar/article29253214.ece|title=Kashmir’s Civil Secretariat lowers separate Jammu and Kashmir flag after 67 years|first=Peerzada|last=Ashiq|date=25 August 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

The state of Jammu and Kashmir was dissolved on 31 October 2019 and its territory divided between two new union territories, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jammu-and-kashmir-ladakh-2-union-territories-now-here-s-how-things-will-change-2799491|title=Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh: 2 Union Territories now, here's how things will change|date=31 October 2019|website=DNA India}}</ref>

==Gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Flag of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (1836-1936).svg|Flag of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (1836-1936)
File:Jammu-Kashmir-flag-1936-1953.gif|Flag of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (1936–1952)
File:Flag of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (1846-1936).svg|Standard of the [[Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir]] (1846–1952)
File:Jammu and Kashmir Flag (1952-2019).svg|Flag of the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (1952–2019)
File:Indian Union territory flag of Jammu and Kashmir (proposed).png|Unionist flag of Jammu and Kashmir 2026, proposed
</gallery><ref name="JammuAugust 7"/>

== See also ==
* [[Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Flag of Azad Kashmir]]
* [[Flag of India|National flag of India]]
* [[List of Indian state flags]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Flags of India|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1952|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Historical flags|Jammu]]
[[Category:Flags of indigenous peoples|Jammu]]

Flag of Sikkim

2021-10-17T08:44:36Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[Image:Indian state flag of Sikkim (proposed).png|thumb|Elevated proposed Indian state flag for Sikkim (Unofficial).]]

At present there is no official flag of [[Sikkim]], a state in [[India]]. The independent [[Kingdom of Sikkim]] did have a national flag until it became a state of India in 1975.

==Kingdom of Sikkim (1877–1975)==

The [[Kingdom of Sikkim]] had used several flags during its history. They all contained a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] ''[[khorlo]]'' [[prayer wheel]] with the ''[[gankyil]]'' as the central element.<ref>https://fotw.info/flags/in-sk.html</ref>

Until 1967, the previous flag showed a very complex design with a fanciful border and [[ashtamangala|religious pictograms]] surrounding the khorlo.

A more simple design was adopted in 1967 because of the difficulty in duplication of the complex flag. The border became solid red, the pictograms were removed and the wheel was redesigned.

With the [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|admission]] of [[Sikkim]] to the [[Republic of India]] and with the [[History of Sikkim#Independent monarchy|abolition of the monarchy]], the flag lost its official status in 1975.<ref>https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India.htm#Sikkim</ref>

{{Gallery
|title=
|width=230 | height=160 | lines=2
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Royal flag of Sikkim.svg|Reconstruction of the Sikkimese royal flag from 1877 to 1975
|File:Flag of Sikkim (1877-1914; 1962-1967).svg|Reconstruction of the Sikkimese flag from 1877 to 1914 and from 1962 to 1967
|File:Flag of Sikkim (1914-1962).svg|Reconstruction of the Sikkimese flag from 1914 to 1962
|Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg|Flag of Sikkim used between 1967 and 1975
}}

== State of India (1975–present) ==
The [[Government of Sikkim]] can be represented by a banner that depicts the emblem of the state on a white background.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vexilla Mundi|url=http://www.vexilla-mundi.com/india_governments.html|access-date=2021-02-10|website=www.vexilla-mundi.com}}</ref>
[[File:Flag of the Government of Sikkim.svg|center|thumb|Government banner of Sikkim]]

==See also==
* [[Emblem of Sikkim]]
* [[Flag of India|National flag of India]]
* [[List of Indian state flags]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Flags of Sikkim}}
*{{FOTW|id=in-sk|title=Sikkim}}
*[http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fsikkim.htm Flag and seal of Sikkim at flaggenlexikon.de]

{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=Flags of Asia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikkim, Flag of}}
[[Category:National symbols of Sikkim| ]]
[[Category:History of Sikkim|Flag]]
[[Category:Flags of India]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Flags of indigenous peoples|Sikkim]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{asia-flag-stub}}

Flag of Tamil Nadu

2021-10-17T08:35:53Z

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[[Image:Indian state flag of Tamil Nadu (proposed).png|thumb|A Revised version with Tamil traditional colours.]]

At present there is no official flag for the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in India. A flag was proposed for the state in 1970 but was not formally adopted at that time.

==1970 flag proposal==
[[File:Flag of Tamil Nadu (proposed).svg|thumb|Proposed flag of Tamil Nadu]]
[[File:..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png|thumb|Tamil Nadu state banner]]
The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] proposed a design for a state flag in 1970. The proposed design was grey with the flag of India in the canton and the [[Emblem of Tamil Nadu]] in the fly. It was proposed by newly elected [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] [[M. Karunanidhi]] of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party. At the time the proposal was opposed by the Chief Ministers of several other states and it was not officially adopted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/jul/25/when-tamil-nadu-proposed-a-state-flag-nearly-five-decades-ago-1633170--1.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523100006/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/jul/25/when-tamil-nadu-proposed-a-state-flag-nearly-five-decades-ago-1633170--1.html |archive-date=23 May 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Government banner==
The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] can be represented by an image of the [[Emblem of Tamil Nadu|emblem]] of the state placed onto a white background.<ref>[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html States of India since 1947]</ref><ref>http://www.vexilla-mundi.com/india_governments.html</ref> The emblem consists of the [[National Emblem of India]] flanked on either side by an [[Flag of India|Indian flag]]. Behind the national emblem, is the image of a ''[[Gopuram]]'' tower based on the West Tower of [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple|Srivilliputhur Andal Temple]].

==See also==
* [[List of Tamil Nadu state symbols]]
*[[Emblem of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Tamil Thai Valthu]]
*[[Tamil flags]]
*[[Flag of India|National flag of India]]
*[[List of Indian state flags]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Flags of India| ]]