Armenia

2022-09-28T13:48:10Z

31.155.16.236:

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Armenia
| common_name = Armenia
| native_name = Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն {{small|''Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun''}}
| image_flag = Flag of Armenia.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg
| national_motto = Մեկ Ազգ, Մեկ Մշակույթ ''Mek Azg, Mek Mshakuyt'' "One Nation, One Culture"
| national_anthem = Մեր Հայրենիք ''Mer Hayrenik'' "Our Fatherland" [[File:Mer Hayrenik instrumental.ogg|center]]
| image_map = Armenia (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption = Location of Armenia (green)
| image_map2 =
| capital = [[Yerevan]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|11|N|44|31|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages =
| recognized_languages =
| languages_type = State language
| languages_sub =
| languages = Armenian<ref>Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, Article 20: <blockquote>The state language of the Republic of Armenia shall be the Armenian language.</blockquote></ref>
| languages2_type =
| languages2_sub =
| languages2 =
| ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |98.1% Armenian|1.9% other.<ref>According to the 2011 Armenian census, the total population of the country is 3,018,854, and the Armenian population is 2,961,514. This means that 98.1% of the population is Armenian. Others make up the remaining 1.9% (57,340) population.</ref>}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2011
| religion =
| demonym = Armenian
| government_type = Unitary parliamentary republic
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_name1 = Vahagn Khachaturyan
| leader_title2 = Prime Minister
| leader_name2 = Nikol Pashinyan
| leader_title3 = President of the National Assembly
| leader_name3 = Alen Simonyan
| legislature = National Assembly
| sovereignty_type = Establishment history
| established_event1 = Kingdom of Urartu
| established_date1 = 860 BC–590 BC
| established_event2 = Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
| established_date2 = 321 BC–428 AD
| established_event3 = Kingdom of Armenia (medieval)
| established_date3 = 885–1045
| established_event4 = Armenian kingdom of Cilicia
| established_date4 = 1198–1375
| established_event5 = First Republic of Armenia
| established_date5 = 28 May 1918
| established_event6 = Soviet conquest
| established_date6 = 29 November 1920
| established_event7 = Indepence restored
| established_date7 = 23 September 1991
| established_event8 = CIS Accesion
| established_date8 = 21 December 1991
| established_event9 = Admitted to the United Nations
| established_date9 = 2 March 1992
| established_event10 = Current constitution
| established_date10 = 5 July 1995
| area_km2 = 29,743<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ "Armenia"]. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States).</ref>
| area_rank = 147th
| area_sq_mi =
| percent_water =
| population_estimate = 3,000,756<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ "Armenia"]. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States).</ref>
| population_census = 3,018,854
| population_estimate_year = CIA 2022
| population_estimate_rank = 138th
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_census_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 101.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 
| population_density_rank = 99th
| GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$43.550 billion<ref name="IMF GDP">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=911,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref>}}
| GDP_PPP_year = 2021
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $14,701<ref name="IMF GDP"/>
| GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$13.612 billion<ref name="IMF GDP"/>}}
| GDP_nominal_year = 2021
| GDP_nominal_rank = 127th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,595<ref name="IMF GDP"/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 104th
| Gini = 29.9 
| Gini_year = 2019
| Gini_change = decrease 
| Gini_ref =
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.776 
| HDI_year = 2019 
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref =
| HDI_rank = 81st
| currency = [[Armenian dram|Dram]] ([[Armenian dram sign|֏]])
| currency_code = AMD
| time_zone = [[Armenia Time|AMT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Armenia|+374]]
| patron_saint = [[Gregory the Illuminator|St. Gregory]]
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.am]] |[[.հայ]]}}
| religion_year = 2011
| area_land_km2 = 28,203<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ "Armenia"]. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States).</ref>
| area_water_km2 = 1,540<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ "Armenia"]. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States).</ref>
}}
'''Armenia''' (Armenian: Հայաստան, {{Small|romanized:}} ''Hayastan''), officially the '''Republic of Armenia''',{{Efn|Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun}} is a landlocked country located in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.<ref name="classification of world regions">The [[UN]] [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm classification of world regions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020625192322/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|date=25 June 2002}} places Armenia in Western Asia; the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[The World Factbook|World Factbook]] {{cite web|title=Armenia|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/|access-date=2 September 2010|work=The World Factbook|publisher=[[CIA]]}} {{cite web|title=Armenia|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=asia&Rootmap=armeni&Mode=d&SubMode=w|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808084113/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=asia&Rootmap=armeni&Mode=d&SubMode=w|archive-date=8 August 2007|access-date=16 April 2009|publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]}}, {{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35178/Armenia|title=Armenia|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=16 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401081831/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35178/Armenia|archive-date=1 April 2009|url-status=live}}, {{cite book|title=Calendario Atlante De Agostini|date=2015|publisher=Istituto Geografico De Agostini|isbn=9788851124908|edition=111|location=Novara|page=sub voce|language=it}} and ''Oxford Reference Online'' {{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=World Encyclopedia|title=Oxford Reference|publisher=Oxford Reference Online|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001|year=2004|isbn=9780199546091|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi00oxfo}} also place Armenia in Asia.</ref>

==History==
[[Hayasa-Azzi]] may have played a significant role in the ethnicity of Armenians. It has an ancient cultural heritage. One of the earliest Armenian kingdoms such as [[Urartu]] was established in 860 [[BC]] and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the [[Satrapy of Armenia]]. The [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] reached its height under [[Tigranes the Great]] in the 1st century BC and became the first state in the world to adopt [[Christianity]] as its [[State religion|official religion]] in the late 3rd or early 4th century AD.<ref>({{cite book|title=Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times|last=Garsoïan|first=Nina|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=1997|editor=R.G. Hovannisian|page=81, Vol. 1}})</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Stringer|first=Martin D.|title=A Sociological History of Christian Worship|url=https://archive.org/details/sociologicalhist00stri|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-81955-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/sociologicalhist00stri/page/n101 92]}}</ref><ref>Smaller nations that have claimed a prior official adoption of Christianity include [[Osroene]], the [[Silures]], and [[San Marino]]. See [[Timeline of official adoptions of Christianity]].</ref> The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301.<ref>{{cite book|first=René|last=Grousset|title=Histoire de l'Arménie|publisher=Payot|year=1947|edition=1984|page=122}}. Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. Garsoïan (''op.cit.'' p. 82), following the research of Ananian, favours the latter.</ref>
===Foreign invasion===
Between the [[16th century]] and [[19th century]], the traditional Armenian homeland composed of [[Eastern Armenia]] and [[Western Armenia]] came under the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Persian Empire|Iranian]] empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the [[Russian Empire]], while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule.
===20th century===
During [[World War I]], Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the [[Armenian Genocide]]. In [[1918]], following the [[Russian Revolution]], all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the [[First Republic of Armenia]]. By [[1920]], the state was incorporated into the [[Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]], and in [[1922]] became a founding member of the [[Soviet Union]]. In [[1936]], the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]], into full [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Union republics]]. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in [[1991]] during the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]].
===21st century===
{{see also|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}

== Administrative divisions ==
Armenia is divided into ten provinces, with the city of [[Yerevan]] having special administrative status as the country's capital. The chief executive in each of the ten provinces is the ''marzpet'' (''marz'' governor), appointed by the government of Armenia. In Yerevan, the chief executive is the mayor, appointed by the president.

{{As of|2007}}, Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural.

{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
|- style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"
!colspan="2"|Province
!colspan="2"|Capital
! Area (km²)
! Population †
|-
|[[Aragatsotn Province|Aragatsotn]] ||{{lang|hy|Արագածոտն}}
|[[Ashtarak]] ||{{lang|hy|Աշտարակ}}
|style="text-align:right"|2,756
|style="text-align:right"|132,925
|-
|[[Ararat Province|Ararat]] ||{{lang|hy|Արարատ}}
|[[Artashat, Armenia|Artashat]] ||{{lang|hy|Արտաշատ}}
|style="text-align:right"|2,090
|style="text-align:right"|260,367
|-
|[[Armavir Province|Armavir]] ||{{lang|hy|Արմավիր}}
|[[Armavir, Armenia|Armavir]] ||{{lang|hy|Արմավիր}}
|style="text-align:right"|1,242
|style="text-align:right"|265,770
|-
|[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]   ||{{lang|hy|Գեղարքունիք}}  
|[[Gavar]] ||{{lang|hy|Գավառ}}
|style="text-align:right"|5,349
|style="text-align:right"|235,075
|-
|[[Kotayk Province|Kotayk]] ||{{lang|hy|Կոտայք}}
|[[Hrazdan]] ||{{lang|hy|Հրազդան}}
|style="text-align:right"|2,086
|style="text-align:right"|254,397
|-
|[[Lori Province|Lori]] ||{{lang|hy|Լոռի}}
|[[Vanadzor]] ||{{lang|hy|Վանաձոր}}
|style="text-align:right"|3,799
|style="text-align:right"|235,537
|-
|[[Shirak Province|Shirak]] ||{{lang|hy|Շիրակ}}
|[[Gyumri]] ||{{lang|hy|Գյումրի}}
|style="text-align:right"|2,680
|style="text-align:right"|251,941
|-
|[[Syunik Province|Syunik]] ||{{lang|hy|Սյունիք}}
|[[Kapan]] ||{{lang|hy|Կապան}}
|style="text-align:right"|4,506
|style="text-align:right"|141,771
|-
|[[Tavush]] ||{{lang|hy|Տավուշ}}
|[[Ijevan]] ||{{lang|hy|Իջևան}}
|style="text-align:right"|2,704
|style="text-align:right"|128,609
|-
|[[Vayots Dzor]] ||{{lang|hy|Վայոց Ձոր}}
|[[Yeghegnadzor]]   ||{{lang|hy|Եղեգնաձոր}}  
|style="text-align:right"|2,308
|style="text-align:right"|52,324
|-
|[[Yerevan]] ||{{lang|hy|Երևան}}
|style="text-align:center"|– ||style="text-align:center"|–
|style="text-align:right"|223
|style="text-align:right"|1,060,138
|}
† 2011 census Sources: Area and population of provinces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf|title=Armstat:Provinces, area and population|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144321/http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Culture==
The Republic of Armenia recognises the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment.<ref>The republic has [[separation of church and state]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?pn=1 |title=The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, Article 8.1 |publisher=President.am |accessdate=30 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220065003/http://president.am///library/constitution/eng/?pn=1 |archivedate=20 December 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> The unique [[Armenian alphabet]] was invented by [[Mesrop Mashtots]] in 405 AD.

Armenia is a member of the [[Eurasian Economic Union]], the [[Council of Europe]] and the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]]. Armenia supports the de facto independent [[Republic of Artsakh]], which was proclaimed in 1991.

==Gallery==
 <gallery caption="Armenia">
Yerevan-Cascade-36-Stadtblick-2019-gje.jpg|Yerevan
Geghard-Kathogike-08-2019-gje.jpg|Geghard
Vagharshapat-St Hripsime-26-Kuppel-2019-gje.jpg|Vagharshapat
Khor Virap-Muttergotteskirche-08-2019-gje.jpg|Khor Virap
Sevanavank-Apostelkirche-06-2019-gje.jpg|Sevanavank
Zvartnots-04-2019-gje.jpg|Zvartnots
Etchmiadzin-68-Kreuzstein-2019-gje.jpg|Etchmiadzin
Armenian dancers. HlushenkovFolkFest in Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. Photo 64.jpg|Armenian dancers.
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Notes ==
{{Notes}}

{{Asia}}
{{Europe}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Armenia]]
[[Category:Caucasus]]

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Armenia