Kadalundi

2022-05-29T08:52:18Z

43.229.90.10:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2013}}'''Kadalundi''' is a village in [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is a coastal village close to the Arabian Sea. Kadalundi is famous for its bird sanctuary, which is home to various migratory birds during certain seasons and has been recently declared as a bio-reserve. The Kadalundi-[[Vallikkunnu]] community reserve is the first community reserve in Kerala. The [[Kadalundi River]] and the [[Chaliyar river]], two of the longest rivers of Kerala, merges with the [[Arabian Sea]] at Kadalundi. The first railway line in Kerala was laid in 1861 from [[Tirur]] to [[Chaliyam]] through [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], [[Parappanangadi]], [[Vallikkunnu]], and Kadalundi.<ref name="tps">{{Cite news|title=ആ ചൂളംവിളി പിന്നെയും പിന്നെയും...|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/malappuram/specials/50-years-of-malappuram/kerala-first-railway-line-tirur-to-beypore-1.3880175|date=17 June 2019|access-date=19 December 2020|work=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kadalundi
| other_name = Kadalku
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = File:View from kadalundi bridge.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View from Kadalundi Bridge
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11|8|0|N|75|49|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 12
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 42516
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673302
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0495
| registration_plate = KL-85
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kozhikode]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Kozhikode
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Tropical monsoon]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|35|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|20|°C|°F}}
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
Kadalundi panchayat shares the borders with Kozhikode corporation and feroke municipality.kadalundi is a part of kozhikode urban area master plan.<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2019-06-13|title=Master plan for Kozhikodeurban area likely to be revised|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/master-plan-for-kozhikodeurban-area-likely-to-be-revised/article27894990.ece|access-date=2021-05-20|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Master Plan {{!}} Kozhikode Municipal Corporation"|url=https://kozhikodecorporation.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/master-plan|access-date=2021-05-20|website=kozhikodecorporation.lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
Kadalundi-[[Chaliyam]]-[[Beypore]] region had trade relations with foreign countries like Rome and Arabia. [[Tyndis]] was a major center of trade, next only to [[Muziris]], between the Cheras and the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="hambada">A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History</ref> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </ref>

According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who converted to Islam during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], Madayi, [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayini]], and [[Chaliyam]] (just opposite to Kadalundi), were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref> It is believed that [[Malik Dinar]] was died at [[Thalangara]] in [[Kasaragod]] town.<ref name="ch">Pg 58, Cultural heritage of [[Kerala]]: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978</ref>

After the breakdown of the Chera Kingdom dynasty rooted in Kadalundi, [[Parappanad]] Kovilakam became the rulers of Kadalundi. They gave permission for the Dutch to build a fort in Kadalundi. Even though the fort collapsed after a war with Zamorians, we can see the remnants in Mulla in Kadalundi. Later the British became the rulers of Kadalundi and they built railway lines up to Chaliyam for the purpose of business. Later when Calicut became the center of trades the railway lines were removed but there are remnants such as the railway well, lighthouse, and forest depot.

Thundi is an ancient seaport and harbor-town north of [[Muziris|Muziris (Muchiri)]] in the [[Chera Kingdom]] (Keprobotos), modern day [[India]] on the [[Malabar Coast]].<ref>{{cite web|author=The official web portal of Government of Kerala |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 |title=History |publisher=Kerala.gov.in |access-date=2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009144939/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 |archive-date=2012-10-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=The official web portal of Government of Kerala |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in |title=Official Web Portal of Government of Kerala |publisher=Kerala.gov.in |access-date=2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118031516/http://www.kerala.gov.in/ |archive-date=2006-01-18 }}</ref> The exact location of the port is still unknown, modern day Kadalundi, [[Ponnani]], [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], and [[Koyilandi|Pantalayani Kollam]]<ref>[http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009144939/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 |date=2012-10-09 }}.</ref> are often identified as Tyndis located in the [[Sangam period|Sangam age]] [[Tamil people|Tamil]] kingdom of the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]]. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the [[Roman Empire]] in the early centuries of the Christian era. A branch of the Chera royal family is also said to have established itself at Tyndis. It is also speculated that Tyndis (along with ports such as Naura, Bakare and Nelkynda) operated as a satellite feeding port to Muziris.<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref>

Kadalundi was the site of the [[Kadalundi train derailment]], which was one of the biggest accidents on the [[Indian Railways|Indian railway network]] in 2001.

===Political history===
Kadalundi, on the southern bank of [[Chaliyar]] river and the northern bank of [[Kadalundi River]], was a part the kingdom of [[Parappanad]] during medieval period.<ref name="Logan">{{Cite book|title=Malabar Manual (Volume-I)|last=Logan|first=William|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=2010|isbn=9788120604476|location=New Delhi|pages=631–666}}</ref> The rulers of Parappanad were vassals to the [[Zamorin of Calicut]].<ref name="askh">{{cite book |last1=Sreedhara Menon |first1=A. |title=Kerala Charitram |date=January 2007 |publisher=DC Books |location=Kottayam |isbn=9788126415885 |edition=2007}}</ref> The headquarters of Parappanad Royal family was the coastal town of [[Parappanangadi]] in present-day [[Malappuram district]].<ref name="1961_kkd">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook (2) - Kozhikode (1961)|last=Devassy|first=M. K.|publisher=Government of Kerala|year=1965|location=Ernakulam|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5665/1/22059_1961_KOZ.pdf}}</ref> In 15th century CE, ''Parappanad Swaroopam'' was divided into two - Northern Parappanad (''Beypore Swaroopam'') and Southern Parappanad (''Parappur Swaroopam'').<ref name="askh"/>
Kadalundi, [[Vallikkunnu]], and [[Parappanangadi]], were included in Southern Parappanad.<ref name="Logan"/> [[Beypore]], [[Cheruvannur]], and [[Panniyankara]], on northern bank of [[Chaliyar]], became Northern Parappanad.<ref name="Logan"/>

It is also known the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Tanur]] (''Vettathunadu Swaroopam''), had assisted the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] to build a fort at the island of [[Chaliyam]], which was a part of Southern Parappanad, and was destructed during the Battle at Chaliyam fort occurred in 1571.<ref name="askh"/> Feroke became a part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in late 18th century CE.<ref name="askh"/> Following the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] and the subsequent [[Treaty of Seringapatam]], Kadalundi became a part of [[Malabar District]] under [[British Raj]].<ref name="askh"/> Kadalundi was included in [[Eranad]] [[Tehsil|Taluk]] in the [[Malappuram district|Malappuram Revenue Division]] of Malabar District with its Taluk headquarters at [[Manjeri]].<ref name="Malabar">{{Cite book|title=1951 census handbook - Malabar district|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1953|location=Chennai|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6425/1/20493_1951_MAL.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Logan"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=C.A. |first1=Innes |title=Madras District Gazetteers: Malabar and Anjengo |date=1908 |publisher=Government Press, Madras |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w806vgAACAAJ}}</ref> Following the formation of the state of [[Kerala]] in 1956, Kadalundi became a part of [[Tirurangadi]] [[Revenue block]] of [[Tirur Taluk]].<ref name="1961_kkd"/><ref name="c1971">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook - Malappuram (Part-C) - 1971|last=K. Narayanan|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala|year=1972|location=Thiruvananthapuram|pages=3|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5714/1/51172_1971_MAL.pdf}}</ref> On 16th June 1969, [[Eranad Taluk]], Tirur Taluk, Tirurangadi, and Parappanangadi, were transferred to newly formed [[Malappuram district]].<ref name="c1971"/> However, three Revenue Villages of [[Tirur Taluk]], namely, Feroke, [[Ramanattukara]], and Kadalundi, remained in Kozhikode district, as they were much closer to [[Kozhikode]] city centre.<ref name="c1971"/> However Kadalundi Nagaram beach (where [[Kadalundi River]] flows into Arabian Sea, a part of [[Vallikkunnu]] Grama Panchayat), [[Tenhipalam]], the centre of [[University of Calicut]], and [[Karippur]], the site of [[Calicut International Airport]], became parts of Malappuram.<ref name="c1971"/> Now Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi are parts of Kozhikode Taluk and [[Kozhikode metropolitan area]]

==Suburbs of Kadalundi==
* Athanikkal, Pallippadi, LP stop and Anayarngadi
* Kottakkadavu, Pediyattukunnu and Edachira
* Pazhanjannoor, Kadukka Bazar and Chaliyam
* Anappady and Chaliyar Kadavu
* Nallur, Kashyapady and Kallampara
* Perumugham, Mannurvalavu and Vadakkumbad
* Kottakkadavu, Calvarykunnu and Prabodhini
* Poocherikunnu, Srankpady and Ambalangadi

==Important Landmarks==
* Punnoli korath Tharavad
* Sree puthukkara Bhuvaneshwari Temple
* Kootungal House
* Pediyattu Bagavathy temple
* Kadalundi Level Cross
* Kadalundi Kadavu Bridge
* Kottakkunnu Church ( Calvary Hills )
* Pidippazhi Maha Vishnu Temple
* Mannur Maha shiva temple
* Nerum Kaitha Kotta ( Mekotta bhagavathi kshetram )
* Kadalundi Kadavu Bridge
* Chaliyam pulimootu
* Srikanteswara Temple Chaliyam
* Chaliyam Noorudheen Shaikh Jaram (Darga)
* Chaliyam Juma Mazjid
* Light House (Beypore) Chaliyam
* Nirdhesh Chaliyam
* Umbichi Haji Higher Secondary School Chaliyam.
* Puzhakkara Palli (One among oldest mazjids of Kerala)
* Pazhanchannoor Subramanya swami temple
* Ambali Parambil Temple
* Kadukka Bazar
* Mulla Fort
* Beypore Railway Station, incorrectly named, at Chaliyam was the terminus of the Madras Railway
* [[Kadalundi–Vallikkunnu Community Reserve]]
* vattaparambu
* crescent public school

==Image Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:A view from Kadalundi bridge.jpg|Scenic view from Kadalundi bridge
File:View_from_kadalundi_bridge.jpg|
</gallery>

* [[Chaliyam]]
* [[Beypore]]
* [[Feroke]]
* [[Ramanattukara]]
* [[Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Vallikkunnu]]
*
* [[Kadalundi River]]
* [[Chaliyar river]]
* Kadalundi Kadavu Bridge, Azhimugam

* '''[https://common-service-centre-csc-chaliyam.business.site/ '''Common-Service-Center-CSC-Chaliyam''']''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kozhikode district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Kozhikode south]]

IndianPedia - User contributions [en]

Kadalundi