Gonda district

2021-12-31T21:20:11Z

43.255.166.85:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Gonda, Uttar Pradesh}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2015}}

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gonda district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|District of Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Gonda.svg
| map_caption = Location of Gonda district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Gonda, Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Devipatan division|Devipatan]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 4
| area_total_km2 = 4003
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3433919
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Effective literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 58.71%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 921
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 7
Colonelganj,
Mankapur,
Gonda Sadar,
Gaura,
Mehneun, Tarabganj, Katra Bazar,
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = UP-43
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 4 NH27, UPSH 30, UPSH 9, UPSH 1A
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 22.4 mm
| website = {{url|gonda.nic.in}}
}}
'''Gonda district''' is one of the [[districts of Uttar Pradesh]], India. The city of [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]] is the district headquarters, and also the administrative centre for the [[Devipatan Division]]. The total area of Gonda district is {{cvt|4003|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Gonda, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} GREEN GONDA CLEAN GONDA {{!}} India|url=https://gonda.nic.in/|access-date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Mulagandhakuti.jpg|thumb|250px|Mulagandhakuti. The remains of [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s hut in [[Jetavana]] Monastery, [[Sravasti]] in Gonda Division]]

Under the [[Nawabs of Awadh]], Gonda was originally part of the [[nizamat]] of [[Gorakhpur]], but after Gorakhpur was ceded to the British in 1801, Gonda was united with [[Bahraich district]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Gonda: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLIV Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=115–6, 149–50, 156–7 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48072 |access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> It was created as a separate district by the British when they annexed Awadh in 1856.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In 1875, parts of Gonda district between [[Baghaura Tal]] and the [[Arrah river]] were ceded to [[Nepal]] by the British government.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

The territory covered by the present district of Gonda formed part of the ancient [[Kosala Kingdom]]. After the going of [[Rama|lord Rama]], the celebrated sovereign of the Solar line who ruled [[Kosala]], the kingdom was divided into two portions defined by the [[Ghaghara]] river. The northern portion was then ruled by his son, [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] with the city of [[Sravasti]] as his capital.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_317.gif Gonda District] at ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1908, v. 12, p. 312.''</ref>

More recently, ancient Buddhist remains dating to the early days of Buddhism have been found throughout the region, including at Sravasti.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/hinduism-forum/172928-excavations-sravasti.html|title=Excavations at Sravasti|website=IndiaDivine.org}}</ref>

Gonda played a significant part in the Indian struggle for independence, with many people from the region actively involved: including [[Maharaja Aksh Valmikan]], who escaped to Nepal,<ref>1857:The Oral Tradition, Pankaj Rag, Rupa Publication,2010</ref> freedom fighters like [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] took shelter in the district, and [[Rajendra Lahiri]] was incarcerated and hanged in the Gonda Jail.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

In more recent times, the district received media attention throughout India due to the protracted court case surrounding the murder of 13 people known as the [[1982 Gonda Encounter]].<ref>http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/3-cops-get-death-5-life-term-for-gonda-fake-encounter.html</ref><ref>http://www.apnnews.com/2013/04/05/3-cops-gets-death-5-get-life-in-gonda-fake-encounter-case/</ref>

== Industry ==
There are several sugar mills, rice mills and many other small industries and handicraft industry. One of the India's six [[Indian Telephone Industries Limited|Indian Telephone Industries]] is situated at [[Mankapur]], and the largest [[sugar mill]] in India is situated at Kundarkhi.<ref>[http://www.bajajhindusthansugar.com/ Official Site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909222750/http://www.bajajhindusthansugar.com/ |date=9 September 2011 }}</ref>

In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Gonda one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gonda District<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|79.77}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|19.76}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.48}}
}}

=== Population ===
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=8,73,630|13=1911|14=8,79,226|15=1921|16=9,17,115|17=1931|18=9,80,987|19=1941|20=10,70,397|21=1951|22=11,68,645|23=1961|24=12,79,883|25=1971|26=14,09,722|27=1981|28=17,49,260|29=1991|30=22,04,445|31=2001|32=27,65,586|33=2011|34=34,33,919|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Gonda district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,433,919,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=200090 | title = Census 2011 - Gonda | access-date = 5 November 2019 | publisher = census.gov.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Panama]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Panama 3,460,462 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote = Connecticut 3,574,097}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 95th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The total number of literates in the district is 1,679,99 which constitute 48.9% of the total population. Population in the age range of 0 to 6 years was 572,386. The effective literacy (population 7 years and above) was 58.7%.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|857|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.17%,<ref name=districtcensus/> higher than the average of Uttar Pradesh (20.09%). Gonda has a [[sex ratio]] of 921 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a sex ratio among children 0–6 years old of 926, both higher than the state average (908 and 899 respectively).

The human development index of the Gonda district is very low.<ref>[http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/uphdr_2003e.pdf Planning commission release]</ref>

=== Languages ===
The official language of the district is [[Hindi]] and additional official language is [[Urdu]]. At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 97.22% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] and 2.68% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>

Languages spoken in the district include [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], a tongue of the [[Hindi continuum]] spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the [[Awadh]] region;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Awadhi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=awa | access-date = 28 September 2011 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and [[Hindi]].

== Education ==
The effective [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] (7+) is 58.71%, the state average (69.72%).<ref name=districtcensus/><ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/UP/datasheetpaper2.pdf Provisional Population Totals Paper 2 of 2011 - Uttar Pradesh]</ref> The government of India has created a special scheme for underdeveloped districts through the "Backward Region Grant Fund". Gonda is one of the recipients of this fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=19785|title=Press information release|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524035855/http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=19785 |archive-date=24 May 2007|date=11 August 2006|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>

== Public Health ==
Gonda has 15 hospitals, 27 [[Ayurvedic]] hospitals, 11 [[Homeopathic]] hospitals and 2 [[Unani]] hospitals, in addition to 66 Government Primary Health Centres.
Gonda is one of the districts in the list of top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate in 2011 census data. It also comes in the top 57 districts with the highest maternal mortality rate<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/AHSurvey.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

Gonda has also been listed as the dirtiest city in India according to the Swachh Sarvekshan 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-dirtiest-city-gonda-ranks-bottom-in-swachh-bharat-survey-residents-say-it-s-no-surprise/story-OzuD56RlJBiNZjhGjS3fyN.html|title=India's 'dirtiest city' Gonda ranks bottom in Swachh Bharat survey|date=4 May 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=17 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>

== Notable People ==

* [[Asghar Gondvi]]
* [[Adam Gondvi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://gonda.nic.in/}}
* [http://www.gondvi.com Alternative Web Site Of the Gonda District]
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_317.gif Gonda District] at ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1908, v. 12, p. 311-319.

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Gonda district
|North = [[Shrawasti district]]
|Northeast = [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur district]] <br /> [[Siddharthnagar district]]
|East = [[Basti district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Faizabad district]]
|Southwest = [[Bara Banki district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Bahraich district]]
}}

{{Gonda district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Devipatan division topics}}

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{{Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gonda District}}
[[Category:Gonda district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]

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Gonda district