Ettayapuram

2025-01-19T16:28:40Z

45.112.55.180:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ettayapuram
| other_name =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = EttayapuramPalaceRemains.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Ettappan's palace
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|9.1500|N|77.9833|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Chairperson of [[Panchayati raj in India#Gram panchayat sabha|Town Panchayat]]
| leader_name = K. Govindha Raja Perumal<ref name="election">{{cite web | url = http://gisd.tn.nic.in/tnsec/tpcdetl-web26.htm | title = Details of Town Panchayats and elected Chairpeople | year = 2010 | work = Official Tamil Nadu State [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] results | access-date = 7 July 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929152725/http://gisd.tn.nic.in/tnsec/tpcdetl-web26.htm | archive-date = 29 September 2007 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 60
| population_total = 12800
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 628902<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bandvalley.com/postalcode.xls |title=Ettayapuram pincode |access-date=3 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525035514/http://www.bandvalley.com/postalcode.xls |archive-date=25 May 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04632
| registration_plate = TN 69 Z
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 52:48 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ettayapuram''' is a [[panchayat town]] in [[Thoothukudi district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is the birthplace of [[Tamil people|Tamil]] [[poet]]s Mahakavi [[Bharathiar]] and [[Umaru Pulavar]]. [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], one of the triads of [[Carnatic music]], was patronized in his final years by the ruler of Ettayapuram.<ref name="Muthuswami">[http://www.musicalnirvana.com/composers/subbarama_dheekshithar_articles.html Write-up on patronage of Muthuswami Dikshitar by Ettappan]</ref>

[[File:HandLoomInEttayapuram.jpg|thumb|200px|Sengunthar [[Weaving|Weaver]] with a handloom in Ettayapuram]]

==History==
Ettayapuram was originally Ilasanadu, which was ruled by the [[Pandyas|Pandya]] Kings. After the Pandyas, Ettappan was appointed as palayakarar by [[Madurai Nayak dynasty]] under the supervision of [[Vijayanagara empire]]. After 150 years of rule by the descendants of Ettappan, Ilasanadu became Ettayapuram in 1565.<ref>[http://www.thoothukudi.tn.nic.in/upinfo/tourism/Ettaiyapuram.html Ettayapuram was formed in 1565] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715214202/http://www.thoothukudi.tn.nic.in/upinfo/tourism/Ettaiyapuram.html |date=15 July 2006 }}.</ref>

===Ettayapuram estate===
[[File:Ettaiyapuram raja.jpg|200px|thumb|Raja Jagavira Rama Kumara Ettappa Nayaker Aiyan of Ettaiyapuram with his ''Diwan'' Ranganadha Chettiar]]
Ettaiyapuram estate was a zamindari estate situated in the [[Ettayapuram taluk]] of the erstwhile [[Tuticorin district]]. The estate covered an area of {{convert|570|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} and 374 villages and in 1901, had a population of 154,000.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908, Vol 12|pages=48–49|publisher=Clarendon Press}}</ref> The headquarters of the estate was the town of [[Ettaiyapuram]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

The estate was ruled by the Telugu Nayak dynasty whose ancestors hailed from [[Chandragiri]] in present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]]. During an invasion of [[Alauddin Khalji]], Kumaramuttu Nayak the founder of the dynasty migrated from Chandragiri to Tirunelveli where he was granted the region comprising the later-established Ettaiyapuram estate. The town of Ettaiyapuram was established in 1567.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

==Civic administration==
Ettayapuram is a town [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] that is part of the Thoothukudi district, which was carved out of the erstwhile [[Tirunelveli district]]. It was in [[Kovilpatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Kovilpatti constituency]] till 2006 general Elections and Now it comes under the [[Vilathikulam]] constituency of [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from 2011 Elections.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Ettayapuram had a population of 12,800. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Ettayapuram has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 61%. In Ettayapuram, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Economy==
People of Ettayapuram are primarily engaged in [[weaving]], making [[match]]es and [[agriculture]]. Traditional weavers weave cotton [[yarn]] using [[Loom|handlooms]]. Small companies operate [[power loom]]s and allied trades of preparing the thread for weaving and [[dye]]ing. The other major industry is the manufacture of match boxes, which includes manufacturing small boxes that contain matchsticks, preparing match sticks and loading them on to the matchboxes. The area of land under cultivation has fallen due to failing rains and relatively poor [[fertility (soil)|soil fertility]]. The soil type is [[Vertisol|black soil]], which supports crops like ''[[finger millet|kezhvaragu]]'', ''[[cumbu]]'', ''[[cholam]]'', [[cotton]] and [[sunflower]]. ''Kanni'' breed of goats, a drought-resistant variety reared for its meat, is most common in this region.

==Transport==
Ettayapuram is connected to [[Madurai]], [[Tuticorin|Thoothukkudi]], [[Rameshwaram]] and [[Tirunelveli]] by road. The nearest railway station is [[Kovilpatti]], which is 15 km from Ettayapuram.

==Landmarks==
[[File:EttayapuramBharathiHouse.png|right|thumb|200px|The house in Ettayapuram where Bharathiar was born]]
*Bharathiar's House
*Bharathy's Memorial
*Muthuswamy Dikshitar's Memorial
*Umaru Pulavar Dargah
*Ettappan's Palace
*Sri Suppusamy Samathi
*The Great Pandyan Pond
*Jemini & Savithri drinking Water Tank

==Notable people==
[[Subramanya Bharathy]], better known as ''Mahakavi Bharathiar'' was born here on 11 December 1882. A prolific writer, philosopher and a great visionary of immense genius and perspicacity, Bharathiar was also one of the most prominent leaders of the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[South India]].

Ettappan, after whom the place was named carried a negative impression as he gave away the information regarding “Veerapandiya” [[Kattabomman Nayak]]'s whereabouts to the British, which eventually led to his arrest and hanging. ''Ettappan'' became a metaphor for a ''[[traitor]]''. His [[namesake]] descendants were involved in welfare activities including arrangements for water supply through huge tanks and patronized poets and musicians including Bharathy and [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]].<ref name="Muthuswami"/>

[[Umaru Pulavar]] ({{langx|ta|உமறுப் புலவர்}}) was a [[Tamil Muslim]] poet from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Umaru Pulavar was born in 1642 in the town of Ettayapuram in [[Thoothukudi district]]. He is celebrated as one of the greatest Islamic Poets of India.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thoothukudi.tn.nic.in/umaru.html |title=Umaru Pulavar |publisher=Thoothukudi.tn.nic.in |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602123220/http://www.thoothukudi.tn.nic.in/umaru.html |archive-date=2 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kadalaiyur]]
* [[kovilpatti]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.agaram.tn.gov.in/dtp/panmain.asp?pan_name=Ettayapuram Tamilnadu Government Site on Ettayapuram]
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/dsvp/dtpphoto1/ettaya.htm Tamilnadu Government Site on Ettayapuram History & Tourism]
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/dtpphoto1/ettaya.htm Ettayapuram Town Panchayat]
* [https://guruguha.org/a-tribute-to-a-munificent-benefactor/ A Tribute to a Munificent Benefactor]

[[Category:Zamindari estates]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Thoothukudi district]]
[[Category:Palayam]]

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Ettayapuram