Block pramukh

2021-07-20T09:53:16Z

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{{Politics of India}}

'''Block Pramukh (president)''' are Panchayats at the '''Apex or District Level''' in '''Panchayat Raj Institutions''' (or '''PRIs''').<ref>http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/block-pramukh-elections-sp-claims-80-victory-others-wait-for-details/</ref><ref>http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-313-blocks-of-up-samajwadi-party-win-block-pramukh-election-13547021.html</ref><ref>http://sec.up.nic.in/site/statistics.aspx</ref>

The 73rd Amendment is about '''Rural Local Governments''' (which are also known as '''Panchayati Raj Institutions''' or '''PRIs''') [http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?keps2=8-10]
* ''Panchayat at District(or apex) Level''
* ''Panchayat at Intermediate Level''
* ''Panchayat at Base Level'

The '''Block Pramukh (president)''' of [[Panchayat samiti]] is a tier of the [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]] system.
It is a rural [[Local self-government in India|local government]] body at the [[List of tehsils in India|Tehsil]] (taluka) level in [[India]]. It works for the [[village]]s of the tehsil that together are called a development block. The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the [[Gram Panchayat|gram panchayat]] (village council) and the [[District Councils of India|zila parishad]] (district board).<ref name="Sarkar">{{Cite book|author=Sarkar, Siuli|year=2010|chapter=7.3.3 Panchayat Samiti|title=Public Administration In India|location=New Delhi|publisher=PHI Learning Private Ltd.|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=smahlYxg-8YC&pg=PA178 178–180]|isbn=978-81-203-3979-8}}</ref> There are a number of variations in the name of this institution in the various states. For example, it is known as ''Kshetra Panchayat'' in [[Uttar Pradesh]], ''Mandal Parishad'' in [[Andhra Pradesh]], ''Taluka Panchayat'' in [[Gujarat]], ''Block Panchayat'' in [[Kerala]] and ''Mandal Panchayat'' in [[Karnataka]].

== Composition ==
[[File:Administrative structure of India.svg|thumb|right|Administrative structure of India|500px]]
Typically, a panchayat samiti is composed of elected members of the area, and the Block Development Officer, otherwise unrepresented members (representatives of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] and women), associate members (such as a farmer of the area, a representative of the cooperative societies, and one from the agricultural marketing services sector), and the elected members of that panchayat block (tehsil) on the [[District Councils of India|zila parishad]] (district board).<ref name="Singh-265">{{Cite book|author=Singh, Singh Vipul|year=2010|chapter=Section II Civics: Chapter 8 Rural Local Self-Government|title=Longman History & Civics ICSE 9|location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India|publisher=Dorling Kindersley (India) Private Ltd.|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EXPouL4BYTMC&pg=PA265 265]|isbn=978-81-317-2041-7}}</ref>

The samiti is elected for five years and is headed by a Block Pramukh(President) elected by the members of the panchayat samiti.<ref name="Singh-265" />

== Departments ==
The most common departments found in a panchayat samiti are:<ref name="Sarkar" />
{{div col}}
# Administration
# Finance
# Public works (especially water and roads)
# Agriculture
# Health
# Education
# Social welfare
# Information Technology
# Women & Child Development
# Panchayat raj ( Mandal Praja Parishad )
{{div col end}}

Each department in a panchayat samiti has its own officer, most often these are state government employees acting as extension officers, but occasionally in more revenue-rich panchayat samiti, these may be local employees. A government appointed [[Block Development Officer|block development officer (BDO)]] is the supervisor of the extension officers, and executive officer to the panchayat samiti and becomes, in effect, its administrative chief over all operations.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Arora, Ramesh Kumar|author2=Goyal, Rajni|author2-link=Rajni Goyal|name-list-style=amp|year=1995|chapter=Chapter 17 Panchayat Raj: Struggle For Effectiveness |title=Indian Public Administration: Institutions and Issues|edition=second|location=New Delhi|publisher=Wishwa Prakashan|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nvzcy7o4sgAC&pg=PA298 298–300]|isbn=978-81-7328-068-9}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Panchayat Samiti collects all the prospective plans prepared at [[Gram Panchayat]] level and processes them for funding and implementation by evaluating them from the angles of financial constraints, social welfare and area development. It also identifies and prioritize the issues which needs to be addressed at block level.

== Sources of income ==
The income of the panchayat samiti comes from four sources:<ref name="Singh-264">{{harvnb|Singh|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EXPouL4BYTMC&pg=PA264 264]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|year=2011|chapter=Section A Civics: Chapter 7 Local Self-Government|title=History & Civics IX|edition=eighth|location=New Delhi|publisher=Rachna Sagar Private Ltd.|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=LI8TT1gK5DAC&pg=PA67 67]|isbn=978-81-8137-083-9}}</ref><ref name="Madan">{{Cite book|author=Madan, G. R.|year=1990|chapter=Chapter 16 Panchayati Raj|title=India's Developing Villages|edition=second|location=New Delhi|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FQbujJdepwkC&pg=PA343 343]|isbn=978-81-7023-281-0}}</ref>
# taxes levied upon land and water usage, professional taxes, liquor taxes and others
# income generating programmes
# grants-in-aid and loans from the State Government and the local zila parishad
# voluntary contributions

For many of the panchayat samiti the main source of income becomes state aid. For others, the traditional taxing function provides the bulk of revenues. Tax revenues are often shared between the gram panchayats and the panchayat samiti.<ref name="Singh-264" /><ref name="Madan" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
[https://bastikhabar.online/up-block-pramukh-election-up-block-chief-election-concluded-between-rip-off-kidnapping-pamphlet-robbing-attack-on-journalists-and-lathi-charge// Block Pramukh Election UP 2021]

{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Panchayati raj (India)]]

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Block pramukh