Handri-Neeva

2021-09-26T20:38:41Z

49.206.50.177:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Handri Neeva Sujala Sravanthi project
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
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| length = {{convert|569|km|mi|abbr=on}}
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| discharge1_location= Adivipalli
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| discharge1_avg = {{convert|164.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
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| source1 = Srisailam reservoir
| source1_location = {{Coord|15|54|31|N|78|14|08|E|name=Handri Neeva Canal|display=inline,title}}
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| source1_elevation = {{convert|253|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = Malyala
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'''Handri-Neeva Sujala Sravanthi project''' is the longest water [[canal]] project in the region of [[Rayalaseema]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. The project was conceived to provide a reliable [[irrigation]] and drinking water supply for the region through drawing flood waters from the [[Srisailam Dam|Srisailam reservoir]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/static/approjects/hnss_1.html|title=HANDRI NIVA SUJALA SRAVANTHI PROJECT- PHASE I|last=Govt. of Andhra Pradesh|first=Water Resources Department|website=HANDRI NIVA SUJALA SRAVANTHI PROJECT- PHASE I|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090717233230/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/14/stories/2009071457450400.htm ]</ref>

The first phase of the canal begins at Malyala and irrigates six [[lakh]] [[Acre|acres]] in four districts of Rayalaseema, while the second phase provides irrigation facilities and drinking water for [[Chittoor district]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/handrineeva-project/article7249344.ece|title=Handri-Neeva project|last=Hindu|first=The|date=27 May 2015|access-date=10 September 2016|via=www.google.com}}</ref> This canal links the Handri, [[Penna River|Penna]], [[Chitravathi River|Chitravathi]], [[Papagni River|Papagni]], Mandavya, Bahuda, [[Cheyyeru River|Cheyyeru]], Gargeya, [[Vedavati River|Vedavati]], [[Palar River|Palar]] and several smaller rivers in the [[Rayalaseema]] region. The canal is located in the [[Kurnool]], [[Ananthapur]], [[Kadapa]], and Chittoor districts.<ref name=":0" /> The canal feeds several reservoirs and water tanks in the region. More than 50 [[Tmcft]] of water is required to meet the region's drinking and irrigation water requirements.

==History==
The project was originally conceived by [[Englishman]] [[Sir Arthur Cotton]] in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article747480.ece|title=Jalayagnam can be fruitful only in unified State: JAC|date=2010-04-10|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref> However, designs were only finalised during the term of [[N. T. Rama Rao]] in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/hundrineeva-lifeline-of-parched-rayalaseema/article4106468.ece|title=Hundri-Neeva: lifeline of parched Rayalaseema|date=2012-11-18|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref> Budget allocation began in 2004 during the tenure of [[Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/8009073/|title=Handri-Neeva details}}</ref>

The first phase of construction of the project began in 2016.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/handri-neeva-galeru-nagari-phase-i-to-be-completed-by-june/article8361171.ece|title=Handri Neeva, Galeru Phase I to be completed by June|last=Hindu|first=The|date=16 March 2016|access-date=10 September 2016|via=www.google.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Handri-Neeva-Galeru-Nagari-Projects-in-Rayalaseema-May-Go-Without-Water/2013/12/09/article1936294.ece|title=Handri-Neeva, Galeru-Nagari Projects in Rayalaseema May Go Without Water|last=Indian Express|first=The New|date=9 December 2013|access-date=10 September 2016|via=www.google.com}}</ref> The project is designed to utilise surplus water from the [[Krishna river]];<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> however, this river is unreliable and does not ensure consistent allocation of water to the [[drought]]-prone [[Rayalaseema]] and [[Nellore district|Nellore]] districts. Several political members had previously demanded speedy completion of irrigation projects in Rayalaseema.<ref name=":1" /> The two [[Riparian zone|riparian]] states of the [[Krishna River]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], are involved in a dispute over sharing water of the river.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140909/nation-politics/article/water-brings-telangana-state-and-andhra-pradesh-close|title=Water brings Telangana State and Andhra Pradesh close|last=Chronicle|first=Deccan|date=9 September 2014|access-date=10 September 2016|via=www.google.com}}</ref>

==The Project==
The lift canal has a length of nearly 550 km. The canal starts from the back waters of the [[Srisailam Dam|Srisailam reservoir]] at Malyala and is routed along the hill ridges up to the highlands in [[Chittoor district]] via the many lifts and pumping stations in the [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]], [[Ananthapur district|Ananthapur]] and [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]] districts.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Handri_Neeva_Sujala_Sravanti(HNSS)_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI00011 |title= Handri Neeva Sujala Sravanti (HNSS) JI00011 |accessdate= 9 May 2016}}</ref> The canal feeds many tanks used for drinking water and irrigation. The project plans to draw nearly 40 Tmcft of water annually from the [[Krishna River]].

The minimum draw down level for the Malyala pump house is {{convert|830|ft|m|0}} [[Mean sea level|MSL]].<ref name=HNSSpro>{{cite web|url= http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/projects|title=Handri Neeva Sujala Sravanti (Phase I) project|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> The project's annual operational requirement is 653 [[Megawatt|MW]] and 1.9 billion [[KWh]] of electrical energy, which is used to pump nearly 30 Tmcft of water.

The first phase of the canal (220 kilometers in length), from Srisailam to [[Jeedipalli reservoir]], has been completed. This reservoir is located at Chinna Mushtur village in Ananthapur district. 3 balancing reservoirs constructed in Phase 1. These include Krishnagiri (Kurnool District), Pathikonda Reservoir (Kurnool District), and Jeedipalli Reservoir (Anantapuramu District).
[[File:Gollapalli Reservoir.jpg|thumb|A view of Gollapalli Reservoir]]
The second phase (349 kilometers in length, 75% completed) of the main canal leading up to Adivipalli Reservoir in [[Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh|Chittoor]] district. Running at full capacity, it is predicted to give IP to 404,500 acres and drinking water facilities for 23 lakh people in 293 villages in the region. It will use 26 Tmcft of water to this effect, diverted through the 3 branch canals Madakasira, Punganur and Niva and the 3 distributories Atmakuru, Thamballapalli, Vayalpadu. In the upland areas of Rayalaseema District ([[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh|Anantapur]], [[Kadapa]] and [[Chittoor]]), the canal will fill six reservoirs - [[Veligallu Dam Reservoir]] and 5 balancing reservoirs constructed in Phase-II, [[Gollapalli Reservoir]] (Anantapuramu), Cherlopalli Reservoir (Anantapuramu), Marala Reservoir (Anantapuramu), 4. Srinivasapuram Reservoir (Kadapa), and Adivipalli Reservoir (Chittoor).

The Handri-Neeva can also feed by gravity the [[Tungabhdra Dam|Tungabhdra high level canal]] and many other medium & minor tanks in [[Penna River]] basin to provide drinking water during severe droughts. This canal also feeds water to [[Bhairivani tippa reservoir|Bhairivani Tippa]] reservoir and other medium & minor irrigation tanks located in Krishna river basin of Ananthapur district to ensure the sufficient water in the area even during droughts. Thus, the canal also serves as an alternate source to feed Krishna river water to major, medium & minor irrigation projects, which have access to nearly 45 Tmcft of Krishna water under [[Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal|Bachawat tribunal award]] allocations.

To make the lift canal operational for catering to drinking water needs even during a severe drought year, [[K. C. Canal|K.C. Canal]] water sourced from [[Sunkesula]] Barrage can be fed to the canal's pump house by gravity when water level in the Srisailam reservoir is below the minimum draw down level required by the water pumps.

A supplementary pump house at Mutchumarri, which will draw water from Srisailam reservoir at {{convert|800|ft|m|0}} MSL is in an advanced stage of construction.{{when|date=March 2021}} This pump house with its pipelines and canals can feed the nearby K.C. canal in addition to the Malyala pump house of Handri Neeva lift canal from dead storage water even during very poor monsoon year.<ref name=HNSSpro/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-12-29/Devineni-inspects-Muchumarri-project-works-196222|title=Devineni inspects Muchumarri project works|accessdate=29 December 2015}}</ref>

== Map ==
[[Google Maps|Google interactive Map]] for [[Rayalaseema]] Irrigation Projects.[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1TBx1CyIAhB_KMUkDUkefxwe_Ni4&usp=sharing]

==See also==
* [[K. C. Canal]]
* [[PABR Dam]]
* [[Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond]]
* [[Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Penna basin}}
{{Hydrography of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Dams in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Krishna River]]
[[Category:Lift irrigation schemes]]
[[Category:Canals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Canals opened in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

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Handri-Neeva