Animal husbandry in India

2021-08-30T06:52:58Z

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{{Infobox
| title = Cow in India
| image =
{{image array|perrow=2|width=180|height=180
| image1 = Cowmeenakshi.jpg|caption1=Cows depicted in the decorated [[gopuram]] of the [[Kapaleeshwarar Temple]] in [[Chennai]].
| image2 = Open mantapa (hall) in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 1.JPG|caption2=Bull statue located at the open hall looking into the eastern doorway of the [[Kalleshvara Temple, Bagali|Kalleshvara Temple]].
}}
}}
Many [[farmers]] in '''[[India]]''' depend on '''[[animal husbandry]]''' for their livelihood. In addition to supplying [[milk]], [[meat]], [[Egg (food)|eggs]], wool, their castings (dung) and [[Hide (skin)|hides]], [[animal]]s, mainly [[Cattle|bullocks]], are the major source of power for both farmers and dryers. Thus, animal husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy. The gross value of output from this sector was 8,123 billion Rupees in FY 2015-16.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Basic Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Statistics 2017|url=https://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/filess/Basic%20Animal%20Husbandry%20and%20Fisheries%20Statistics%202017%20%28English%20version%29_5.pdf}}</ref>

==Dairy==
{{main|Dairy in India}}In FY 2019, India had approximately 192.5 million cattle. India also had 148.9 million [[goats]], 109.9 million [[water buffalo|buffalo]]es, 74.3 million [[sheep]], and 9.1 million [[pig]]s.<ref name=":0" /> Milk production in FY 2018-19 was estimated to have reached 187.7 million tons (394 (gms/day/capita) (increased from 55.6 million tonnes , and 178 gm/day/capita in 1991-92),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Milk Production every year|url=https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/milkprodindia}}</ref> and [[Egg (food)|egg]] production had reached a level of 88.1 billion eggs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eggs production every year|url=https://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/filess/Basic%20Animal%20Husbandry%20and%20Fisheries%20Statistics%202017%20%28English%20version%29_5.pdf}}</ref> India is second largest country in production of cow milk <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cow milk production by country|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/268191/cow-milk-production-worldwide-top-producers/}}</ref> and largest milk production country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Milk production by country|url=https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/across}}</ref>

Dairy farming provided supplementary employment and an additional source of income to many small and marginal farmers. The [[National Dairy Development Board]] was established in 1965 under the auspices of Operation Flood at [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], in [[Gujarat]], to promote, plan, and organize dairy development through cooperatives; to provide consultations; and to set up dairy plants, which were then turned over to the cooperatives. There were more than 63,000 Anand-style dairy cooperative societies with some 7.5 million members in the early 1990s. The milk produced and sold by these farmers brought {{INRConvert|320|m|1}} a day, or more than {{INRConvert|10|t|1}} a year. The increase in milk production permitted India to end imports of powdered milk and milk-related products. In addition, 30,000 tons of powdered milk were exported annually to neighboring countries. There was about 50000 cows in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dahd.nic.in/|title=Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries|last=Government of India|website=dahd.nic.in|language=en|access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref>

[[File:indiapoultry.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Chicken facilities in [[Haryana, India]].]]
Today, India has the world's largest dairy herd (composed of cows and buffaloes), at over 304 million strong,<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |title=Annual Report |access-date=2015-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721060801/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and stands first in milk production, with 112.5 million tonnes of milk produced in 2009–2010.<ref name=autogenerated2 />

===Operation Flood===
[[File:Ooty 24.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pony in [[Ooty]], India.]]
[[Operation Flood]], the world's largest integrated dairy development program, attempted to establish linkages between rural milk producers and urban consumers by organizing farmer-owned and -managed dairy cooperative societies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sarkariduniya.com/animal-husbandry-up-2/|title=पशुपालन यूपी विभाग की कार्यक्षमता|date=2018-11-02|work=पीएम योजना,केंद्रीय और राज्य सरकार योजनाओं, केंद्रीय मंत्रालयों और सरकारी विभागों पर समाचार प्राप्त करें|access-date=2018-11-05|language=hi-IN}}</ref> In the early 1990s, the program was in its third phase and was receiving financial assistance from the [[World Bank]] and commodity assistance from the [[European Economic Community]]. At that time, India had more than 64,000 dairy cooperative societies, with close to 7.7 million members. These cooperatives established a daily processing capacity of 15.5 million liters of whole milk and 727 tons of milk powder.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/India-ANIMAL-HUSBANDRY.html|title=Animal husbandry - India - farming|website=www.nationsencyclopedia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref>

== Poultry and meat ==
India is also the third-largest egg-producer in the world, producing over 95 billion eggs for the year 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Egg Production by country|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/263971/top-10-countries-worldwide-in-egg-production/}}</ref> and fifth biggest producer of beef.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beef production by country, 2020|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/19127/biggest-producers-of-beef/}}</ref> While the majority of India's animal products are consumed domestically, exports are growing. India is the top global exporter of buffalo meat, and is also the fourth largest exporter of soybean meal, an important ingredient in commercial feed for farmed animals.<ref name="autogenerated1">Mia MacDonald and Sangamithra Iyer (2010) Veg or Non Veg? India at the Crossroads, Policy Brief. Brighter Green, 1.[http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=24 brightergreen.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063336/http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=24|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> In addition, India's leading poultry producers, including Suguna, Venky's, and the Amrit Group, are increasing sales to countries in other parts of Asia and the Middle East. International investment is also expanding.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In 2008, U.S.-based [[Tyson Foods]] acquired a 51 percent stake in Godrej, an Indian conglomerate that is a major producer of animal feeds and poultry, and the [[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC) has an equity stake in Suguna.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> An estimated 200 million egg-laying hens are kept in battery cages, and more than half of the over two billion “meat” chickens produced each year are factory-farmed. Vertical integration and contract farming for poultry and eggs is also widespread. While the milk and cheese sectors still include many small-scale producers and cows and buffaloes in extensive systems the number of large, factory-style dairy operations is increasing.<ref>Justine Simon and Sangamithra Iyer (2010) Factory Farming of Chickens in India; Youtube Video</ref>

The main bottleneck to the growth of animal husbandry is availability of adequate fodder throughout the year. Fodder from the surplus states, are to be transported in the form of fodder pellets to deficit states to eliminate fodder scarcity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/fodder-pellets-out-of-paddy-straw-to-tackle-burning-issue/articleshow/64295959.cms|title=Fodder pellets out of paddy straw to tackle burning issue|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>

== Livestock population in India by Species ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN INDIA BY SPECIES (MILLION NUMBERS)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Live stock population in India every year|url=https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/pop}}</ref>
|-
!Species
|'''1951'''
|'''1956'''
|'''1961'''
|'''1966'''
|'''1972'''
|'''1977'''
|'''1982'''
|'''1987'''
|'''1992'''
|'''1997'''
|'''2003'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2012'''
|'''2019'''
|-
!Cattle
|155.3
|158.7
|175.6
|176.2
|178.3
|180.0
|192.5
|199.7
|204.6
|198.9
|185.2
|199.1
|190.9
|192.5
|-
!Adult Female Cattle
|54.4
|47.3
|51.0
|51.8
|53.4
|54.6
|59.2
|62.1
|64.4
|64.4
|64.5
|73.0
|76.7
|81.4
|-
!Buffalo
|43.4
|44.9
|51.2
|53.0
|57.4
|62.0
|69.8
|76.0
|84.2
|89.9
|97.9
|105.3
|108.7
|109.9
|-
!Adult Female Buffalo
|21.0
|21.7
|24.3
|25.4
|28.6
|31.3
|32.5
|39.1
|43.8
|46.8
|51.0
|54.5
|56.6
|55.0
|-
!Sheep
|39.1
|39.3
|40.2
|42.4
|40.0
|41.0
|48.8
|45.7
|50.8
|57.5
|61.5
|71.6
|65.1
|74.3
|-
!Goat
|47.2
|55.4
|60.9
|64.6
|67.5
|75.6
|95.3
|110.2
|115.3
|122.7
|124.4
|140.5
|135.2
|148.9
|-
!Horses and Ponies
|1.5
|1.5
|1.3
|1.1
|0.9
|0.9
|0.9
|0.8
|0.8
|0.8
|0.8
|0.6
|0.6
|0.3
|-
!Camels
|0.6
|0.8
|0.9
|1.0
|1.1
|1.1
|1.1
|1.0
|1.0
|0.9
|0.6
|0.5
|0.4
|0.3
|-
!Pigs
|4.4
|4.9
|5.2
|5.0
|6.9
|7.6
|10.1
|10.6
|12.8
|13.3
|13.5
|11.1
|10.3
|9.1
|-
!Donkeys
|1.3
|1.1
|1.1
|1.1
|1.0
|1.0
|1.0
|1.0
|1.0
|0.9
|0.7
|0.4
|0.3
|0.1
|-
!Yak
|NC
|NC
|0.0
|0.0
|0.0
|0.1
|0.1
|0.0
|0.1
|0.1
|0.1
|0.1
|0.1
|0.1
|}

== Fisheries ==
{{main|Fishing in India}}

==See also==
* [[1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation]]
* [[Agriculture in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150503043730/http://doah.gujarat.gov.in/index.htm Animal Husbandry Department, Government of Gujarat]
* [http://www.ahd.maharashtra.gov.in/ Animal Husbandry Department, Government of Maharashtra]
* [http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=109280 Salient Features of 19th Livestock Census]

{{Commons category|Animal husbandry in India}}
{{Economy of India}}
{{Asia topic|Livestock in}}
{{India topics}}

[[Category:Animal husbandry in India| ]]

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Animal husbandry in India