Mahboob Ali Khan

2022-05-29T08:46:38Z

49.40.27.62:

{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}

{{Infobox person
| pre-nominals =
| name = Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur
| post-nominals = Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Grand Cross in the Order of the Bath|GCB]], [[Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India|GCSI]]
| image = 
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{{Infobox royalty | embed = yes
| image= Nizam Mahboob Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI.png
| succession = 6th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
| reign = 26 February 1869 – 29 August 1911
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V]]
| successor = [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]]
| spouse = Amat uz-Zehra Begum
| issue =
| royal house = [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]
| father = [[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V]]
| mother =
| birth_date = 17 August 1866
| birth_place = [[Purani Haveli]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Indian Empire]]<br/>(now in [[Telangana State]], [[India]])
| death_date = 29 August 1911 (aged 45)
| death_place = [[Falaknuma Palace]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Indian Empire]]<br/>(now in [[Telangana State]], [[India]])
| place of burial= [[Mecca Masjid]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Indian Empire]]<br/>(now in [[Telangana State]], [[India]])
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|}}}}
'''Asaf Jah VI''', also known as, '''[[Sir]] Mir Mahboob Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCB|GCSI}} (17 August 1866 – 29 August 1911) was the 6th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]. He ruled [[Hyderabad state]], one of the [[Princely states]] in India between 1869 and 1911.{{sfn|Law, Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)|1914|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Balfour, The Encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia|pp=897}}

==Early life==
[[File:His Highness the Nizam of Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Mahbub Ali Khan as a child]]
[[File:Installation of the Nizam of Hyderabad by the Governor-General of India.jpg|thumb|Installation of the Nizam of Hyderabad by the Governor-General of India]]
Mahboob Ali Khan was born on 17 August 1866 at [[Purani Haveli]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]] (in present-day [[Telangana]], India). He was the youngest son of 5th Nizam [[Afzal-ud-Daulah]].{{sfn|Luther|p=41}} Afzal-ud-Daulah died on 28 February 1869. On 29 February, he ascended the throne under the regency of [[Prime Minister of Hyderabad state|Dewan]] [[Salar Jung I]] and Shams-ul-Umra III. Mahboob Ali Khan was two years and seven months old at that time.<ref name="OUT">{{cite web |title=A brief history of the Nizams of Hyderabad |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/the-nizams/ |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=3 April 2019 |date=5 August 2017}}</ref> While Salar Jung I served as regent, Shams-ul-Umra III served as co-regent.{{sfn|Luther|p=45}}

Mahboob Ali Khan was the first Nizam to be exposed to western education. A special school under the guidance of Captain Claude Clerk was setup in the [[Chowmahalla Palace]]. The children of Salar Jung I, Shams-ul-Umra III and [[Kishen Pershad]] were his classmates. Besides English, he was also taught Persian, Arabic and Urdu languages. In 1874, Captain John Clerk, a former tutor to the [[Duke of Edinburgh]] was appointed to teach him English.{{sfn|Luther|p=45}} Clarke imbibed in " young Mahboob the customs and manners of high English society".<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Seshan |first1=K.S.S. |title=Mahboob Ali Pasha: Legend with a lavish lifestyle |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/Mahboob-Ali-Pasha-Legend-with-a-lavish-lifestyle/article17138528.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 April 2019 |date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

[[File:The Young Nizam Mehboob Ali Khan of Hyderabad, With Attendants, 1870s.jpg|thumb|The young Nizam with his two regents and other noblemen]]
[[File:The Nizam VI riding an elephant in a procession from Moula Ali, circa. 1895.jpg|thumb|The Nizam riding an elephant in a procession from [[Moula Ali]], circa. 1895]]
[[File:Mecca Masjid graves.jpg|thumb|Grave of 6th Nizam- Mir Mahboob Ali Khan adjacent to prayer hall of [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad]]]]

==Reign ==
===Investiture===
At the age of sixteen, Salar Jung I began introducing Mahboob Ali Khan into the administrative processes of the state. The highest ranking officials of various departments would meet him to teach him the working of their respective departments.{{sfn|Lynton|1992|p=34}} The regency of Salar Jung I and Shams-ul-Umra ended when Mahboob Ali Khan came out of age. His investiture ceremony took place on 5 February 1884. [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|Lord Ripon]], the [[Governor-General of India]] was present at the ceremony and gifted him a golden sword which was studded with diamonds.<ref name="Hindu"/> Mahboob Ali Khan took the title ''His Exalted Highness Asaf Jah, Muzaffar-ul-Mulk, Nawab Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur, Fateh Jung''.<ref>{{cite book |author1=M. Hassan |title=HISTORY OF ISLAM (2 Vols. Set) |date=2002 |publisher=Adam Publishers |isbn=9788174350190 |page=674}}</ref>

===Development of a railway network===
'''[[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]''' - a railway company fully owned by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]] was established in 1879.{{sfn|Law, Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)|pp=26-28}} It was formed to connect [[Hyderabad State]] with the rest of [[British India]], and was headquartered at [[Secunderabad Railway Station]]. Construction commenced in 1870. After four years of construction, the Secunderabad-Wadi line was built. In 1879, Mahbub Ali Khan took over this railway line; it was then managed by the Nizam's state-owned railway.{{sfn|Lynton, Days of the Beloved|1987|pp=56-57}}

After independence, it was integrated into [[Indian Railways]]. The introduction of railways also marked the beginning of the industry in Hyderabad, and four factories were built to the south and east of the [[Hussain Sagar|Hussain Sagar lake]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-staying-at-falaknuma-is-like-holding-a-mirror-up-to-our-past-1741439 | title=Staying at Falaknuma is like holding a mirror up to our past| date=2012-09-16}}</ref>

===Education development===
Mahboob Ali Khan established Hyderabad medical college a first in India and commissioned for chloroform a first in world, during 1873 there were 14 schools in Hyderabad city and 141 schools in rest of the districts, which reached 1000 at the time of his death.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Between Tradition and Modernity: Nizams, Colonialism and Modernity in Hyderabad State|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=48|year=2013|last=Bhangya|first=Bhukya|issue=48|pages=120–125|jstor=23528939}}</ref>

===Events during his rule===
====Flood of 1908====
{{main|Great Musi Flood of 1908}}
The [[Great Musi Flood of 1908]] ravaged the city of Hyderabad.{{sfn|Lynton, The Days of the Beloved|pp=13-20}} It affected at least 200,000 people, killing an estimated 15,000. He opened his palace to accommodate the flood victims until "normal conditions were restored".<ref>{{cite web |title=Seven Loaves - Seven Asaf Jahs |url=http://www.indiaprofile.com/people/asafjahs.htm}}</ref>{{sfn|Law, Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)|pp=84-86}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/hyderabad-observe-104th-anniversary-musi-flood-349446/|title=Hyderabad to observe 104th anniversary of Musi flood {{!}} The Siasat Daily|website=archive.siasat.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-31|date=20 September 2012}}</ref> Upon the guidance of the holy priest of the [[Katta Maisamma Temple]], he also took part in a [[Yajna|Yagna]] and it is believed that the waters started receding within hours of the yagna being performed.<ref name="musiflood">{{cite news |title=Hyderabad observes 100th anniversary of Musi flood |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/sep/29hyd.htm | date=29 September 2008 | publisher=Rediff | first=Mohammed | last=Siddique | access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref>

====Famine during his rule====
The [[Great Famine of 1876-1878]] occurred during his reign. The entire [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], including [[Hyderabad Deccan]], was devastated by food shortages which were enormously exacerbated by British policies. The Nizam distributed aid to famine victims, causing tens of thousands of people to flee to Hyderabad from [[Sholapur]] and other affected areas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Mike |title=Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World |url=http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/first/d/davis-victorian.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>

===Abolishing the practice of Sati===

The practice of [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] a [[Hindu]] tradition in which a ''women used to jump into the burning pyre of their husbands'' concerned the Nizam. Taking serious note of Sati being continued in some parts of his kingdom despite the ban, he issued a Royal [[Firman]]<ref name="sati1">{{cite news |title=Letters leave a rich legacy of rulers |url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/deccan+chronicle-epaper-deccanch/letters+leave+a+rich+legacy+of+rulers-newsid-89750998}}</ref> on 12 November 1876 stating:<ref name="Sati2">{{cite news |title=Proclamation on the abolition of Sati issued by the Nizam VI, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan. |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/100618/letters-leave-a-rich-legacy-of-rulers.html}}</ref>

<blockquote> "It is now notified that if anybody takes any action in this direction in the future, they will have to face serious consequences. If Taluqdars, Naibs, Jagirdars, Zamindars and others are found careless and negligent in the matter, serious action will be taken against them by the government."</blockquote>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Nizam Mahboob Ali Khan daughter.jpg|thumb|Nizam Mahboob Ali Khan with his son [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]]]
According to the [[Viceroy of India]] [[Lord Lytton]]; has a doubt that the object of the [[List of prime ministers of Hyderabad State|Diwan]], [[Salar Jung I]] wanted to reduce [[Mir Mahboob Ali Khan]] to a cipher, in order to hold the power of the State and remain concentrated in his own hands.<ref name="Keen">{{cite journal|title=The power behind the throne: Relations between the British and the Indian states 1870-1909|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29223/1/10731318.pdf|last=Keen|first=Caroline|page=82|publisher=[[SOAS University of London]]|year=2003}}</ref>
The sixth Nizam had seven sons and seven daughters.

===Marriage===
He was married to Amat Uz Zahra Begum, daughter of Salar Jung I, with whom he fell in love while studying at the age of 18.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, Volume 46, Issues 3-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfptAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Seventh Nizam: The Fallen Empire|author1=Zubaida Yazdani|author2=Mary Chrystal|year=1985|isbn=9780951081907|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXluAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>

===Lifestyle===
The Nizam was well known for his extravagant lifestyle and collection of clothes and cars. His collection of clothes was one of the most extensive in the world at the time. He devoted a whole wing of his palace to his [[wardrobe]] and would never wear the same outfit twice. He bought the [[Jacob Diamond]], which stands out among the [[Jewels of The Nizams]] now owned by the Government of India.

The Nizam was also fluent in [[Urdu]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] languages. He also wrote poems in Telugu and Urdu, some of which are inscribed alongside the walls of Tank Bund. He was a keen hunter,<ref name="dailypioneer.com">{{Cite web | url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/india/hyderabad-remembers-6th-nizam-mahbub-ali-pasha.html |title = Hyderabad remembers 6th Nizam Mahbub Ali Pasha}}</ref> killing at least 30 tigers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-staying-at-falaknuma-is-like-holding-a-mirror-up-to-our-past-1741439 | title=Staying at Falaknuma is like holding a mirror up to our past| date=2012-09-16}}</ref>

===Death===
The 6th Nizam died on 29 August 1911 at the age of 45. He was buried alongside his ancestors at [[Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad]]. His second son [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] succeeded him; he was the last Nizam of Hyderabad.{{sfn|Law, Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)|1914|pp=28}}

== Mystical powers==
He claimed to possess a healing power against [[snakebite]]s. It was his order that if anyone from the public had a snake bite, they could approach him. As a result, he was repeatedly awakened from his sleep<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lallana Rāya|title=Tulasī kī sāhitya-sādhanā: The Legacy of the Nizams|publisher=H.E.H The Nizam's Urdu Trust Hyderabad}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Picturing the 'Beloved' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/180816/picturing-the-beloved.html}}</ref> to cure people of snakebites.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Varma |first1=Dr Raj |title=Man of many talents |url=https://telanganatoday.com/man-many-talents |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>

==Other names==
=== Mahboob Ali Pasha ===
He was better known as "Mahboob Ali Pasha" by the people. "Mahboob" meaning "Dear one".

=== Tees Maar Khan ===
Mahboob Ali Khan was known as a skilled hunter. Many times people from nearby villages used to call for his help to kill tigers lurking in the nearby fields, thereby causing threat to the lives of poor farmers. Hence, he ended up killing at least 33 Tigers during his lifetime. He was popularly known as ''Tees Maar Khan'' meaning the "Khan" who killed "tees" (thirty tigers).<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad remembers Mahbub Ali Pasha|url=https://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/hyderabad-remembers-mahbub-ali-pasha-1.1889879|publisher=gulfnews|access-date=25 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="dailypioneer.com"/>

===Full Titular name===
*'''1866–1869''': [[Sahibzada]] [[Mir]] Mahbub Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur
*'''1869–1877''': ''[[His Highness]]'' Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VI, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, [[Nawab]] [[Mir]] Mahbub 'Ali [[Khan Bahadur]], Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
*'''1877–1884''': ''His Highness'' Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VI, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Mahbub 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad
*'''1884–1902''': ''His Highness'' Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VI, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Sir Mir Mahbub 'Ali Khan Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, [[Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India|GCSI]]
*'''1902–1910''': ''His Highness'' Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VI, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Sir Mir Mahboob 'Ali Khan Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, [[Grand Cross in the Order of the Bath|GCB]], [[Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India|GCSI]]
*'''1910–1911''': [[Lieutenant-General]] ''His Highness'' Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VI, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, [[Nawab]] Mir [[Sir]] Mahbub 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Grand Cross in the Order of the Bath|GCB]], [[Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India|GCSI]]

==Honours==

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(ribbon bar, as it would look today)

[[File:Order of the Bath (ribbon).svg|100px]]
[[File:Ord.Stella.India.jpg|100px]]
[[File:Empress of India Medal.png|100px]]
[[File:Med.DelhiDurbar1903.png|100px]]
[[File:Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png|100px]]

</center>
'''British honours'''
*[[Empress of India Medal|Empress of India Gold Medal]], ''1877''
*[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI), ''1884''
*[[Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] (GCB), ''1902''
*Delhi Durbar Gold Medal, ''1903''

'''Foreign honours'''
*{{flagicon|Prussia}} Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Red Eagle]], ''1911''

==See also==
*[[Hyderabad State]]
*[[Nizam]]
*[[:Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State]]
*[[Jewels of the Nizams]]
*[[Nizam College]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=The Days of the Beloved |last1=Lynton |first1=Harriet Ronken |last2=Rajan |first2=Mohini |year=1974 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-02442-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DhYjiciXlwwC|ref={{sfnref|Lynton, The Days of the Beloved}}}}
*{{cite book |title=The cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |author=Edward Balfour |year=1885 |publisher=B. Quaritch |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3U0OAAAAQAAJ |ref={{sfnref|Balfour, The cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia}}
}}
*{{citation |last=Law |first=John |title=Modern Hyderabad (Deccan) |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Modern_Hyderabad_(Deccan) |year=1914 |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Company |ref={{sfnref|Law, Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)|1914}}}}
*{{citation |last=Luther |first=Narendra |title=Raja Deen Dayal: Prince of Photographers |year=2003 |publisher=Hyderabadi|isbn= 9788190175203}}

==External links==
*[https://telanganatoday.com/man-many-talents A man of many talents]
*[https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2018-08-18/152nd-birthday-celebrations--Glowing-tributes-paid-to-Nizam-VI/406268 Birthday Celebrations]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]|1866||1911|}}
{{succession box | before=[[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V]] | title=[[Nizam of Hyderabad]] | after=[[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] | years=1869–1911}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Hyderabad state}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mahbub Ali, Asaf Jah Vi}}
[[Category:1866 births|Jah]]
[[Category:1911 deaths|Jah]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Nizams of Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Asaf Jahi dynasty]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:History of Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Child rulers from Asia]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]

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Mahboob Ali Khan