Amritavarshini

2025-09-06T18:24:52Z

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{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{for|the Hindustani raga of the same name|Amritvarshini (raga)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Amritavarshini
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|G3|M2|P|N3|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M2|G3|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}

'''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music), created in the early nineteenth century by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]. It is an ''audava'' rāgam (meaning pentatonic scale) in which only five of the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) are used. It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), fairly popular in Carnatic music. There is a belief that ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' causes rain ( The name of the [[rāga]]m is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words Amrita: meaning Nectar and Varshini: meaning one who causes a shower or rain, and hence the association with rain ), and that the Carnatic composer Muthuswami Dikshitar brought rain at [[Ettayapuram]], Tamil Nadu, India by singing his composition, ''Aanandaamrutakarshini amrutavarshini''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Rāganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[Image:Amritavarshini scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Amritavarshini'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' is a rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' and ''dhaivatam''. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> in Carnatic music classification). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|G3|M2|P|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M2|G3|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam'' and ''kakali nishādam'')

''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi '' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of ''[[Chitrambari]]'', the 66th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam, although it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, such as ''[[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]]'', ''[[Gamanashrama]]'' or ''[[Vishwambari]]'', by dropping both ''rishabham'' and ''dhaivatam''. There is another scale that has the same name but is less practiced in current performances. This scale is associated with the 39th melakarta [[Jhalavarali]].<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />

[[File:Amritavarshini.wav|thumb|Arohanam and Arohanam for Amritavarshini with tambura]]

==Popular compositions==
''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' rāgam lends itself for extensive elaboration and exploration due to the symmetric and pentatonic scale. It has many compositions in both classical music and film music. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' and film music composed in ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''.
The most popular composition in Amritavarshini Ragam is Anandamrithakarshini by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]

*''Ennai Nee Maravadhe'' of [[Dandapani Desikar]]
*''Sarasiruhanayane'' of [[Tyagaraja]](usually said misattributed)
*''Vani Parama Kalyani'' By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
*''Eesabeku Iddu'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Aanandaamrutakarshini amritavarshini'' (The most popular song sung today in Amritavarshini) and ''Himagiri Kumari'' by of [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Aadi Varuvai Guhane'' of Punitasri
*''Siddhi Nayakena'' of [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
*''Sthirata Nahi Nahi Re'' of [[Sadasiva Brahmendra|Sadashiva Brahmendra]]
*''Aadinateppadiyo Nadanam'', anonymous
*''Sudhamayee Sudhanidi'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Amrithavarshini Taye'' by Thanjavur Shankara Iyer

In addition to these, ''Anni Mantramuli Inde Avahinchenu'' of [[Annamacharya]] has been set to music in the ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''.

== Film Songs ==
===Language: [[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer(s)
|-
|Azhagiya Megangal
|[[Ganga Gowri (1973 film)|Ganga Gowri]]
|rowspan="2"|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Sivagami Ada Vandhaal
|[[Paattum Bharathamum]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Thoongadha Vizhigal Rendu
|[[Agni Natchathiram]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]

|-
|Kaathiruntha Malli Malli
|[[Mallu Vetti Minor]]
|[[P. Susheela]]

|-
|Mazhaikku Oru Devaney
|[[Sri Raghavendrar]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Ippothu Ena Thevai
|[[Makkal Aatchi]]
|Lekha
|-
|Vaanin Devi Varuga
|[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Kuthuvilakkaga
| [[Cooliekkaran]]
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|-
|Puthiya Kalai
|[[Sasanam]]
|Balabarathi
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Mella Sirithai
|[[Kalyana Samayal Saadham]]
|[[Navin (music director)|Arrora]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
|Naanthana Naanthana
|[[Ninaithaley]]
|[[Vijay Antony]]
|[[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Rahul Nambiar]]
|-
|Yennuyire
|[[Annaatthe]]
|rowspan=2|[[D. Imman]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]] (Female Version), [[Sid Sriram]] (Male Version)
|-
|Anney Yaaranney
|[[Udanpirappe]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Nee Nee
|[[Anandhapurathu Veedu]]
|Ramesh Krishna
|Vineeth, [[Shweta Mohan]], Rithika, Master Aryan
|}

=== Language: [[Malayalam]] ===

*''Oru dalam matram'' from [[Jaalakam|Jalakam]], composed by [[M G Radhakrishnan]], sung by K.J. Yesudas
*''Manam pon Manam'' from [[Idavelakku Sesham]], composed by [[Raveendran (Music Composer)|Raveendran]], sung by K.J. Yesudas
*''Aashadham padumbol'' from [[Mazha]], composed by Raveendran, sung by K.J. Yesudas
*''Neela lohita hitakarini'' from [[Kaveri (1986 film)|Kaveri]], composed by Ilayaraja, sung by M. Balamuralikrishna
*''Devi ni en pon veena nadam'' from [[Oru Mutham Manimutham|Oru Mutham Mani Mutham]], composed by Raveendran, sung by K.J. Yesudas
*Anupallavi of ''Vilikkatirunnalum virunninettum'' from Ishtamanu Pakshe, composed by [[G. Devarajan]], sung by K.J. Yesudas
*Pallavi of ''Sharatkala megham'' from [[Dhruvasangamam]], composed by Raveendran, sung by K.J. Yesudas
*Parts of charanam in ''Kasturi Gandhikal'' from [[Sethubandhanam (film)|Sethubandhanam]], composed by G. Devarajan, sung by [[Ayiroor Sadasivan]]
*Pallavi of ''Aadi parashakti'' from [[Ponnapuram Kotta]], composed by G. Devarajan, sung by [[P. B. Sreenivas|P.B. Sreenivas]] and [[P. Leela]]

=== Language: [[Kannada]] ===

*''Cheluveya andada mogake'' from [[Devara Gudi]], composed by [[Rajan–Nagendra]], sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
*''Naguve snehada haadu'' from [[Mugdha Manava]], composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]], sung by S.P. Balasubrahmanyam
*''Chaitrada kusumanjali'' from [[Ananda Bhairavi (film)|Anandabhairavi]], composed by [[Ramesh Naidu]], sung by S.P. Balasubrahmanyam (anupallavi and charanam include other ragas too).
*Charanam of ''Devaru beseda premada hara'' from [[Muthina Haara|Muttina Hara]], composed by [[Hamsalekha]], sung by M. Balamuralikrishna
*''Virahe Thavarihe'' from [[Aavesha]], composed by [[Hamsalekha]], sung by [[S. Janaki]]

=== Language: Telugu ===

*''Aanati neeyara hara'' from [[Swathi Kiranam|Swati Kiranam]], composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan|K.V. Mahadevan]], sung by [[Vani Jairam|Vani Jayaram]]
*''Jeevana vahini'', a ragamalika from [[Gangotri (2003 film)|Gangotri]], composed by [[M. M. Keeravani|M.M. Keeravani]], sung by M.M. Keeravani, Ganga, Kalpana and Srivardhini
*''Kurisenu Virijallule'', from [[Agni Natchathiram|Gharshana (Old)]], composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]

==Raga relationships==
===''Graha bhēdham''===
''Amritavarshini's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 1 popular pentatonic rāgam, [[Karnataka Shuddha Saveri]]. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Amritavarshini|Graha bhedam on Amr̥tavarṣiṇi]]''.

===Scale similarities===
*''[[Hamsadhvani]]'' is a rāgam which has ''chatushruti rishabham'' in place of the ''prati madhyamam''. See table below for more details
*''[[Gambhiranata]]'' is a rāgam which has ''shuddha madhyamam'' in place of the ''prati madhyamam''. See table below for more details

<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Rāgam !! ''Śruti''<br />Tonic !! C!! !! D!! !! E!! F!! !! G !! !! A!! !! B!! C
|-
| ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' || C || {{svaraC|S}} || || || || {{svaraC|G3}} || || '''{{svaraC|M2}}''' || {{svaraC|P}} || || || || {{svaraC|N3}} || {{svaraC|S'}}
|-
| ''[[Hamsadhvani]]'' || C || {{svaraC|S}} || || '''{{svaraC|R2}}''' || || {{svaraC|G3}} || || || {{svaraC|P}} || || || || {{svaraC|N3}} || {{svaraC|S'}}
|-
| ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' || C
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|S}}
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|G3}}
|width="25px"| '''{{svaraC|M1}}'''
|width="15px"|
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|P}}
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|N3}}
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|S'}}
|}
</div>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
* [[List of film songs based on ragas]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

== References ==
<references/>

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]
[[Category:Carnatic ragas]]

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Amritavarshini