Khairat el-Shater

2022-05-13T04:57:41Z

50.100.105.240:

{{Short description|Muslim Brotherhood leader}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| birth_name = Mohammed Khairat Saad el-Shater
| native_name = {{lang|ar|محمد خيرت الشاطر}}
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Khairat Alshater.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Khairat el-Shater in 2004
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|05|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kafr Al-Teraa Al-Qadimah, [[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]], [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]
| birthname =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| party = [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]]
| otherparty = [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Muslim Brotherhood]]
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Alexandria University]]<br/>[[Mansoura University]]
| occupation =
| profession = [[Engineer]]
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = [https://swap.stanford.edu/20120228090422/http%3A//www.khairatshater.com/index/ www.khairatshater.com]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mohammed Khairat Saad el-Shater'''<ref>[http://www.ihrc.org.uk/file/PF070515KhairatAlShaterFinal.pdf Prisoners of Faith Campaign Pack: Muslim Brotherhood - Khairat Al-Shater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704041845/http://www.ihrc.org.uk/file/PF070515KhairatAlShaterFinal.pdf |date=4 July 2013 }}, Islamic Human Rights Commission, May 2007, retrieved 2 April 2012</ref> ({{lang-ar|محمد خيرت سعد الشاطر}}, {{IPA-arz|mæˈħæmmæd ˈxæjɾæt ˈsæʕd eʃˈʃɑːtˤeɾ|IPA}}; born 4 May 1950) is an Egyptian engineer, businessman and [[Islamism|Islamist]] political activist. A leading member of the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Muslim Brotherhood]], as the Deputy Supreme Guide,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75815/Egypt/Politics-/Muslim-Brotherhoods-secondman-ElShater-arrested-Se.aspx|title=Muslim Brotherhood's second-man El-Shater arrested: Security official|last=Gamaledine|first=El-Sayed|date=6 July 2013|work=Ahram Online|access-date=7 January 2014}}</ref> el-Shater was the initial candidate of the movement's [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]] during the [[2012 Egyptian presidential election]] before being disqualified by the election commission. Previously, he was the deputy chairman of the Brotherhood.

==Life and career==
Born in Kafr Al-Teraa Al-Qadimah, [[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]], el-Shater joined the youth wing of the ruling [[Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)|Arab Socialist Union]] party at age 16, during the presidency of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. He studied engineering at the [[Alexandria University]]. There he participated in the February 1968 student protests against the government. After serving in the military for two years, el-Shater studied for a master's degree and worked as a lecturer at the [[Mansoura University]]. After the assassination of President [[Anwar Sadat|EL Sadat]] in 1981, el-Shater was exiled as an Islamist dissident, and left for [[England]]. After returning in the mid-1980s, he became an active member of the Muslim Brotherhood. In 1995, he became head of the Brotherhood's [[Greater Cairo]] branch.<ref name="Howeidy">{{Citation|first=Amira|last=Howeidy|title=Meet the Brotherhood's enforcer: Khairat El-Shater |newspaper=Ahram Online|date=29 March 2012|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/37993/Egypt/Politics-/Meet-the-Brotherhood%E2%80%99s-enforcer-Khairat-ElShater.aspx}}</ref>

El-Shater led a successful furniture and textile business with branches in Cairo's luxurious shopping malls, which earned him a fortune of several millions.<ref name="Howeidy"/><ref name="Abulmagd">{{Citation|first=Zeinab|last=Abul-Magd |title=The Brotherhood's businessmen|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=13 February 2012 |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/654581|access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="Asher">{{Citation|first=Avi |last=Asher-Schapiro|title=The GOP Brotherhood of Egypt|newspaper=Salon|date=26 January 2012 |url=http://www.salon.com/2012/01/26/the_gop_brotherhood_of_egypt/|access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> He is considered a main financier<ref name="Abulmagd"/><ref>{{Citation |title=Rached Ghannouchi, Khairat El Shater|work=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers|publisher=Foreign Policy|date=December 2011 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,3#thinker4|access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> and chief strategist of the Brotherhood.<ref name="WP">{{Citation|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood fields deputy leader as presidential candidate|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=31 March 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-fields-deputy-leader-as-presidential-candidate/2012/03/31/gIQATAHanS_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331234809/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-fields-deputy-leader-as-presidential-candidate/2012/03/31/gIQATAHanS_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 March 2012}}</ref> Under the Mubarak regime, he was imprisoned from 2007 until his release by the [[Supreme Council of the Armed Forces]] in March 2011.<ref>{{Citation|title=Egypt: IHRC welcomes release of Khairat Al-Shater|newspaper=Bikya Masr|date=2 March 2011|url=http://bikyamasr.com/29231/egypt-ihrc-welcomes-release-of-khairat-al-shater/|access-date=15 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502011247/http://bikyamasr.com/29231/egypt-ihrc-welcomes-release-of-khairat-al-shater/|archive-date=2 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the victory of the [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]] (parliamentary wing of the Muslim Brotherhood) in the [[2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election|2011/12 parliamentary election]], el-Shater was tipped as a likely candidate for [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]] of a coalition government.<ref>{{Citation|title=Muslim Brotherhood picks members of proposed coalition govt|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=13 February 2012|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/654376|access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|first=Zvi|last=Bar'el|title=The Muslim Brotherhood prepares for Egypt's new government|newspaper=Haaretz|date=14 February 2012|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/the-muslim-brotherhood-prepares-for-egypt-s-new-government-1.412881|access-date=16 February 2012}}</ref> The Middle East researcher Avi Asher-Schapiro considers el-Shater to be a strong advocate of privatization and free market.<ref name="Abulmagd"/><ref name="Asher"/>

Even though he is the nominal number two in the Brotherhood's hierarchy, some consider him its actual leader. In the eyes of many analysts and activists, he is one of the main reasons behind the anti-revolutionary style of politics the MB followed since the fall of Mubarak. He is also claimed to be responsible for the expulsion of the dissident Brotherhood member [[Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh]] and his supporters.<ref name="Howeidy"/>

==Presidential candidacy==
On 31 March 2012 the Freedom and Justice Party named him their candidate for the [[2012 Egyptian presidential election|presidential election in May]].<ref name="WP"/><ref>{{Citation|first=David D.|last=Kirkpatrick|title=More Confident Brotherhood Names Candidate in Egypt|newspaper=The New York Times|date=31 March 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/middleeast/brotherhood-chooses-a-candidate-in-egypt.html}}</ref> El-Shater formally resigned from the Brotherhood in order to run for president and to avoid violating the Brotherhood's pledge not to field a candidate. The announcement of Shater's presidential candidacy was a historical first for the 83-year-old group, which originally pledged that none of their members would run for president to calm secular and western governments' fears of a complete Islamist takeover by the group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/744031|title=Update: Muslim Brotherhood endorses Khairat al-Shater as presidential candidate|work=Egypt Independent|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref> Earlier in 2012, Khairat El-Shater had denied any intentions for entering the presidential race on [[Al Jazeera]], after Ahmed Mansour, host of the show ''Without Limits'' (''{{transl|ar|ALA-LC|bilā ḥudūd}}'' {{lang|ar|بلا حدود}}), had subtly questioned the sequence of events which later took place on 31 March 2012. The Egyptian [[Supreme Council of the Armed Forces]] barred El-Shater from the presidential race on 14 April 2012, stating that he was only released from prison in March 2011, in violation of election rules stating that a candidate has to be released from prison for 6 years before he can become a candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhvouWONOiY|title=لقاء خيرت الشاطر في برنامج بلا حدود|publisher=YouTube|date=8 February 2012|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>

==Arrest==
El-Shater was arrested on 5 July 2013, following the Egyptian Revolution which unseated the Brotherhood-led government and President [[Mohamed Morsi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim Brotherhood's second-man El-Shater arrested: Security official|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75815/Egypt/Politics-/Muslim-Brotherhoods-secondman-ElShater-arrested-Se.aspx|publisher=Ahram Online|access-date=5 July 2013|date=5 July 2013}}</ref> On 14 July 2013 Egypt's General Prosecutor [[Hisham Barakat]] (later assassinated after a video-tapped threat by El Shater's daughter in court) ordered his assets to be frozen.<ref name="egypindep">{{Cite news|title=Asset freeze for Islamist leaders goes into action|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/asset-freeze-islamist-leaders-goes-action|work=Egypt Independent|date=15 July 2013|access-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> On 29 October 2013, a three-judge panel at Cairo Criminal Court stepped down from the proceedings, citing "uneasiness" over the trial.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/29/judges-in-egyptianbrotherhoodtrialquit.html|title=Judges in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood trial quit|access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref> On 11 December 2013, a second panel of judges withdrew from the trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/88855/Egypt/Politics-/Second-judging-panel-withdraws-from-Brotherhood-tr.aspx|title = Second judging panel withdraws from Brotherhood trial - Politics - Egypt}}</ref> On 28 February 2015, he was sentenced to life in prison.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecairopost.com/news/139398/news/breaking-mohamed-badie-khairat-el-shater-sentenced-to-life|title=Update: Mohamed Badie, Khairat el-Shater sentenced to life|date=2015-02-28|work=Cairo Post|access-date=2017-12-05|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 May 2015, another court issued a preliminary death sentence against him in a separate case. Both verdicts can be appealed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/130369/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-court-issues-preliminary-death-sentence-to-M.aspx|title=Egypt court issues preliminary death sentence to Morsi in 'jailbreak case' - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online|website=english.ahram.org.eg|language=en|access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>

==References==
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{{Egyptian presidential elections 2012|state=autocollapse}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shater, Khairat-El}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University alumni]]
[[Category:Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood members]]
[[Category:Egyptian engineers]]
[[Category:Egyptian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Mansoura University alumni]]
[[Category:Mansoura University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Dakahlia Governorate]]

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Khairat el-Shater