Jair Bolsonaro

2022-10-06T15:37:24Z

50.240.182.205:

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jair Bolsonaro
| honorific-prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| image = 09 06 2022 Encontro com o Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América, Senhor Joe Biden (52135428558) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Bolsonaro in June 2022
| order =
| office = 38th [[President of Brazil]]
| vicepresident = [[Hamilton Mourão]]
| term_start = 1 January 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Michel Temer]]
| successor =
| office1 = President of the [[Alliance for Brazil]]
| vicepresident1 = [[Flávio Bolsonaro]]
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|General Secretary}}
| 1namedata1 = [[Admar Gonzaga]]
| term_start1 = 21 November 2019
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Position established
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]
| term_start2 = 1 February 1991
| term_end2 = 1 January 2019
| office3 = [[Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro|City Councillor]] of [[Rio de Janeiro]]
| term_start3 = 1 January 1989
| term_end3 = 1 February 1991
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2019–present){{efn|name=note|[[Alliance for Brazil|ALIANÇA]] (2019–present): Party registration pending approval by the [[Superior Electoral Court]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://noticias.r7.com/prisma/r7-planalto/bolsonaro-anuncia-saida-do-psl-e-criacao-do-alianca-pelo-brasil-12112019 |title=Bolsonaro anuncia saída do PSL e criação do Aliança pelo Brasil |publisher=R7 |language=pt |date=12 November 2019 |access-date=12 November 2019 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112203739/https://noticias.r7.com/prisma/r7-planalto/bolsonaro-anuncia-saida-do-psl-e-criacao-do-alianca-pelo-brasil-12112019 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| otherparty = {{Collapsible list
|framestyle=border:none; padding:0; 
|title={{no bold|See list}}
|1= [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal]] (2018–2019) |2= [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian]] (2016–2018) |3= [[Progressistas]] (2005–2016) |4= [[Liberal Front Party (Brazil)|Liberal Front]] (2005)|5= [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Labour]] (2003–2005) |6= [[Progressistas]] (1995–2003) |7= {{nowrap|[[Reform Progressive Party|Reform Progressives]] (1993–1995)}}|8= [[Progressive Party (Brazil, 1993)|Progressives]] (1993) |9= [[Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)|Christian Democrats]] (1988–1993) }}
| spouse = {{plain list|
* {{Marriage|Rogéria Nantes Braga|1978|1997|end=div}}
* {{Marriage|Ana Cristina Valle|1997|2007|end=div}}
* {{Marriage|[[Michelle Bolsonaro|Michelle de Paula]]|2007}}
}}
| children = {{hlist|[[Flávio Bolsonaro|Flávio]]|[[Carlos Bolsonaro|Carlos]]|[[Eduardo Bolsonaro|Eduardo]]|Jair Renan|Laura}}
| residence = {{Plainlist|
* [[Palácio da Alvorada]] (presidential)
* Condomínio Vivendas da Barra (personal)
}}
| birth_name = Jair Messias Bolsonaro
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|3|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Glicério]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], Brazil
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras|Agulhas Negras Military Academy]]
| signature = Signature of Jair Bolsonaro.svg
| website = {{url|bolsonaro.com.br|Official website}}
| allegiance = {{flag|Brazil}}
| branch = {{flagicon|Brazil|army}} [[Brazilian Army]]
| serviceyears = 1973–1988
| rank = [[File:Barzil-Army-OF-2 (horizontal).svg|35px]] [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| commands = 21st Field Artillery Group<br />9th Field Artillery Group<br />8th Parachutist Field Artillery Group
}}
'''Jair Messias Bolsonaro''' (born March 21, 1955) is a [[Brazilians|Brazilian]] [[politician]]. He is the 38th and current [[President of Brazil|President]] of [[Brazil]] since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/right-wing-nationalist-jair-bolsonaro-sworn-in-as-president-of-brazil-11596281|title=Right-wing nationalist Jair Bolsonaro sworn in as president of Brazil|website=Sky News|language=en|access-date=2019-01-01}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] from 1991 until he became president in 2019. He was also a member of the [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]] (PSL) until he formed his own party, [[Alliance for Brazil]], in November 2019. He is known for his [[Far-right politics|far-right]] and [[Right-wing populism|populist]] political views.<ref name=nyt>[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/weekinreview/conversations-jair-bolsonaro-soldier-turned-politician-wants-give-brazil-back.html Conversations/Jair Bolsonaro; A Soldier Turned Politician Wants To Give Brazil Back to Army Rule]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil’s Trump? A congressman with presidential ambitions is being compared to Donald Trump. Can he win?|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-01-19/brazils-controversial-congressman-jair-bolsonaro-eyes-the-presidency|website=USnews.com|access-date=18 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=O inquietante ‘fenômeno Bolsonaro’|url=http://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2014/10/07/politica/1412684374_628594.html|website=brasil.elpais.com|access-date=18 June 2017|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="veconomist" />

==2018 election==
Bolsonaro was the PSL's presidential candidate in the [[Brazilian general election, 2018|2018 Brazilian presidential election]].<ref name="veconomist" >{{cite news|title=Brazil’s congress starts to reform itself|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730206-clean-up-sleazy-political-system-will-require-lot-more-work-brazils-congress-starts|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 October 2017}}</ref> He came in first place in the first round of the general election on 7 October 2018, with [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]] candidate [[Fernando Haddad]] coming in second place. The two candidates faced again on 28 October with Bolsonaro winning the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/world/the_americas/brazilians-vote-in-presidential-election-with-a-trump-fan-as-front-runner/2018/10/07/7d82d512-c65d-11e8-9c0f-2ffaf6d422aa_story.html|title=Brazil’s far-right candidate takes big lead in presidential election|work=The Washington Post|access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref>

==Assassination attempt==
On September 6, 2018, Bolsonaro was stabbed multiple times while at a campaign rally in [[Juiz de Fora]].<ref name="Londono18">{{cite news |last1=Londoño |first1=Ernesto |title=Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html |access-date=6 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=6 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Parts of Bolsonaro's [[liver]], [[lung]] and [[intestine]] were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/FlavioBolsonaro/status/1037808900660256773|title=Flávio Bolsonaro 177 Senador_RJ Verified account|last=Flávio|first=Bolsonaro|date=6 September 2018|website=Twitter|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> He was hospitalized under "extremely stable" condition and released almost a month later on September 29.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jair Bolsonaro é internado no Hospital Albert Einstein, em SP|url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2018/09/07/jair-bolsonaro-chega-a-sao-paulo-para-ser-internado-no-albert-einstein.ghtml|work=G1|access-date=7 September 2018|language=pt}}</ref>

==Controversy==
Bolsonaro was a open supporter of the military regime in Brazil in 1964. During the [[impeachment]] voting session of former President [[Dilma Rousseff]], in his speech, Bolsonaro honored Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, a widely known military [[colonel]] in Brazil by have been a [[torture]]r of militants and [[protest]]ers in the [[Fifth Brazilian Republic (1964-1985)|Brazilian military dictatorship]] period.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil: tortured dissidents appalled by Bolsonaro's praise for dictatorship|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/30/brazil-bolsonaro-regime-military-dictatorship|work=TheGuardian|access-date=17 August 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil's Bolsonaro extols convicted torturer as a 'national hero'|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-torture/brazils-bolsonaro-extols-convicted-torturer-as-a-national-hero-idUSKCN1UY2TJ|work=Reuters|access-date=17 August 2019|language=en}}</ref>

In a television interview in the 1990s for the popular [[magazine]] ''[[Veja]]'', he also made controversial declarations about the [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]]'s [[Junta|military dictatorship]] in [[Chile]], praising the Chilean dictator and stating that "the regime should have acted more violently to restore the country.".<ref>{{cite news|title=As homenagens de Bolsonaro a Pinochet e por que o general ainda divide o Chile|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-47674503|work=BBCBrasil|access-date=17 August 2019|language=pt}}</ref>

Bolsonaro is also notorious for his public speeches, which are perceived as being intolerant. He already spoke against [[Minority group|minorities]] in certain occasions, particularly the [[LGBT]] ([[gay]]) community. In an interview for the documentary ''Out There'', made by British [[actor]] and [[comedian]] [[Stephen Fry]], which deals with the rise of [[homophobia]] in the world, and aired on the [[BBC]] in 2013, the then congressman stated: "No father is proud to have a gay son... We, Brazilians, don't like homosexuals. Not to like isn't the same as to hate.", he added. In a comment about what he heard, Fry said: "Bolsonaro is the typical homophobic that I found around the world, with his mantra that gays want to dominate society, recruit children or abuse them. Even in a [https://simple.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/progressive progressive] country like Brazil, its lies create hysteria among the ignorant, from where violence can arise." <ref>{{cite news|title=Há cinco anos, Stephen Fry encontrava Jair Bolsonaro|url=https://revistaforum.com.br/direitos/ha-cinco-anos-stephen-fry-encontrava-jair-bolsonaro-video/amp/|work=RevistaForum|access-date=17 August 2019|language=pt|archive-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818022522/https://revistaforum.com.br/direitos/ha-cinco-anos-stephen-fry-encontrava-jair-bolsonaro-video/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As president, Bolsonaro has downplayed the deadliness of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in [[COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil|Brazil]]. He said that the virus is no more deadly than the common [[flu]]. On 7 July 2020, Bolsonaro revealed that he had tested positive for [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro tests positive for coronavirus|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/07/americas/brazil-bolsonaro-positive-coronavirus-intl/index.html|access-date=2020-07-07|website=CNN}}</ref>

Since 2019, Bolsonaro has faced four separate accusations for [[crimes against humanity]]. He is under investigation before the [[International Criminal Court]] in [[The Hague]] for crimes against humanity, [[genocide]] of indigenous peoples and [[ecocide]].<ref name="morning express">{{cite news |author= |title=Action against Bolsonaro takes an unprecedented step at the International Criminal Court... |url=https://morningexpress.in/action-against-bolsonaro-takes-an-unprecedented-step-at-the-international-criminal-court-as-indigenous-people-prepare-to-denounce-him-for-genocide-and-ecocide-in-court/ |url-status=live |work=Morning Express |date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716235634/https://morningexpress.in/action-against-bolsonaro-takes-an-unprecedented-step-at-the-international-criminal-court-as-indigenous-people-prepare-to-denounce-him-for-genocide-and-ecocide-in-court/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref>

==2022 election==
{{main|2022 Brazilian general election}}
Bolsonaro is running for re-election in the [[2022 Brazilian general election|2022 election]], with his main opponent being former President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]. Bolsonaro did not pick [[Hamilton Mourão]] as his running mate again, instead choosing General [[Walter Braga Netto]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-26 |title=Bolsonaro afirma que pretende indicar Braga Netto como vice na chapa – Jovem Pan |url=https://jovempan.com.br/noticias/politica/eleicoes-2022/bolsonaro-afirma-que-pretende-indicar-braga-netto-como-vice-na-chapa.html |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Bolsonaro afirma que pretende indicar Braga Netto como vice na chapa – Jovem Pan |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Throughout the election period, Bolsonaro has said that should he lose, the election would be [[corrupt]] and rigged against him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vídeo de fraude em urna divulgado por Flávio Bolsonaro é falso, diz TRE-MG |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/07/tse-esta-apurando-denuncia-de-filho-de-bolsonaro-sobre-fraude-em-urna.htm |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=UOL Eleições 2018}}</ref> His actions have been compared to former U.S. President [[Donald Trump]]'s [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|attempts to overturn the results]] of the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]].

On 2 October 2022, Bolsonaro advanced to the run-off election on 30 October against Lula.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bing.com/search?q=lula%20run%20off&qs=n&form=QBRE&=Search%20%7B0%7D%20for%20%7B1%7D&=Search%20work%20for%20%7B0%7D&=%25eManage%20Your%20Search%20History%25E&sp=-1&pq=lula%20run%20of&sc=10-11&sk=&cvid=074F44EF747F494D837A4690116971DC&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&ghpl=|title=Brazil's Lula and Bolsonaro face run-off after surprisingly tight result|publisher=Yahoo|accessdate=6 October 2022}}</ref> Lula won 48.43% of the vote against Bolsonaro's 43.20%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultados.tse.jus.br/oficial/app/index.html#/eleicao;e=e544/resultados/cargo/1|language=Portuguese|accessdate=6 October 2022|title=Resultados|publisher=TSE}}</ref>

==Political views==
An ardent [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]], Bolsonaro's positions are often viewed as [[Conservatism|conservative]], [[Populism|populist]], [[Nationalism|nationalist]], and are commonly associated with [[far-right]] politics,<ref name="Boadle">{{cite news|first=Anthony|last=Boadle|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-bolsonaro-interview/far-right-presidential-hopeful-aims-to-be-brazils-trump-idUSKCN1C2384|title=Far-right presidential hopeful aims to be Brazil's Trump|agency=[[Reuters]]|location=London, England|date=27 September 2017|access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> he, however, denies those statements, saying he's aligned with traditional moderate [[right-wing]] ideals.<ref name="Boadle"/> He has described himself as being a [[Anti-abortion|pro-life]], pro-gun and [[anti-establishment]] politician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/outspoken-pro-life-candidate-leads-in-brazils-presidential-election-race|title=Outspoken pro-life candidate leads in Brazil's presidential election race|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-presidential-candidate-trump-parallels|title=Trump of the tropics: the 'dangerous' candidate leading Brazil's presidential race|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=27 October 2018|date=2018-04-19|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom}}</ref>

Bolsonaro is a strong opponent of [[left-wing]] policies, most notably [[same-sex marriage]], [[secularism]], [[drug legalization]], [[abortion]] and environmental preservation.<ref name="Atkins 2018">{{cite web | last=Atkins | first=Ed | title=Jair Bolsonaro's Brazil Is a Disaster for the Amazon and Global Climate Change | website=Motherboard | date=2018-10-29 | url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/43ejw3/jair-bolsonaros-brazil-is-a-disaster-for-the-amazon-and-global-climate-change | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> Regarding economic matters, he has advocated for [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[free-market]] policies.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/10/1925458-bolsonaro-diz-que-e-liberal-e-adota-discurso-que-agrada-investidores.shtml|title=Bolsonaro diz que é liberal e adota discurso que agrada investidores|website=1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|Jair Bolsonaro}}
* [http://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ Bolsonaro official web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608042216/http://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ |date=2015-06-08 }}

{{bio-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolsonaro, Jair}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Presidents of Brazil]]
[[Category:Current national leaders]]
[[Category:Anti-Communists]]
[[Category:Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Politicians from Rio de Janeiro]]

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Jair Bolsonaro