Khordha district

2021-08-13T11:18:54Z

59.90.50.152:

{{About|Khordha District in Odisha, India|its namesake town|Khordha}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khordha district
| other_name = Khurda
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = ଧନୁଆ ନଦୀ.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = Paika District of Odisha{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
| image_map = India Odisha Khordha district.svg
|map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.166|N|85.666|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Khordha]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name1 = Sanat kumar Mohanty, OAS(SAG)
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Raj Kishore Dora, OPS(S)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2887.5
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,251,673<ref>http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/410-khordha.html</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 800
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 751 xxx, 752 xxx
| area_code = 674, 6755, 6756
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = OD-02/OD-33
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website = {{URL|www.khordha.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 1.108 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 87.51%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = 2
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = 6
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1443|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|41.4|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|9.5|°C|°F}}
}}
{{State of Odisha}}

'''Khordha district''' is an administrative division of the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]]. It was formed on April 1, 1993, by the division of former [[Puri District]] into Puri, Khordha and [[Nayagarh district]]s. In the year 2000 the district name was changed to Khordha. The district headquarters is [[Khordha]] Town. The capital city of [[Bhubaneswar]] is located in this district.<ref name="ARIMAKHORDHA2018">{{cite book |last1=Swain|display-authors=etal |first1=S |title=Development of an ARIMA Model for Monthly Rainfall Forecasting over Khordha District, Odisha, India |journal=Recent Findings in Intelligent Computing Techniques (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing |volume=708 |pages=325–331) |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-8636-6_34 |series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing |year=2018 |isbn=978-981-10-8635-9 }}</ref> Khordha is the most urbanized of all the districts of Odisha.

[[Khurda Road Junction railway station|Khordha Road]], the railway station that serves the town, is also the divisional headquarters of the [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]] of the [[Indian Railways]], and contains [[Khurda Road railway division|its own division]]. Khordha is known for its brass utensils, cottage industries, railway coach manufacturing and cable manufacturing unit.

==History==
It was the capital of Odisha from 1568 to 1803. It is also known for its fort, often described as the "last independent fort". The commander who kept it free from [[British East India Company]] was ), [[Bakshi Jagabandhu]], popularly called 'Paika Bakshi'.

The [[Savara people|Savaras]] tribal group, who are still to be found in the district in some pockets, once heavily populated the area. Khurda came into prominence when the first Rajas of the Khordha dynasty, Ramachandra Deva, made it the capital of his kingdom during the last part of the 16th century. Khurda suffered repeated onslaughts from Muslim and [[Maratha]] cavalry but its royal house retained independence till 1804, when the [[British East India Company]] dispossessed Raja of his territory following the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]].

British government took Odisha under its rule in 1803 but could only include Khurda in 1827. The Paikas of Khurda are known for protesting against the British rule in Odisha.

==Geography==
It is also the district headquarters of Khurda district located at 20.11° N 85.40° E. The area of the district is {{cvt|2,888|km2}}.<ref name="ARIMAKHORDHA2018"/> The district is bordered by [[Cuttack district]] to the north and east, [[Puri district]] to the south, [[Ganjam district]] to the west, and [[Nayagarh district]] to the northwest. The [[Daya River|Daya]] and [[Kuakhai River]]s flow through Khurda. The forested area is {{cvt|618.67|km2}}.<ref name=govsite>{{cite web|url=http://khordha.nic.in/intro.htm |title=Introduction |publisher=Khordha district official website |access-date=2008-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002050820/http://khordha.nic.in/intro.htm |archive-date=2008-10-02 }}</ref> The district is mainly flat coastal plain, with some hill ranges in the west. It borders the [[Chilika Lake]].

===Climate===
{{climate chart
|Bhubaneswar
|15.5|28.3|12.4
|18.5|31.5|24.2
|22.2|34.9|24.2
|25.2|37.3|21.8
|26.6|37.9|55.5
|26.2|35.4|196.4
|25.2|31.7|325.3
|25.1|31.4|329.5
|24.8|31.7|287.6
|23.0|31.4|208.0
|18.7|29.8|37.4
|15.3|28.0|28.0
|source=[http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/bhubanashewar1.htm IMD]
|float=right
|clear=left
}}
* Temperature: 41.4 (max), 9.5 (min)<ref name=govsite/>
* Rainfall: 1443 mm (avg)<ref name=govsite/>

==Economy==
It is renowned for its brass utensils cottage industries, cable factory, spinning mills, watch repairing factory, railway coach repairing factory, oil industries, [[Coca-Cola]] bottling plant and small metal industries, or sms group, Iocl gas bottling plant.

==Divisions==
* Parliamentary constituencies: 2
* Assembly constituencies: 6
* Subdivisions: 2<ref name=govsite/>
* Villages: 1,561<ref name=govsite/>
* Blocks: 10<ref name=govsite/>
* Grama panchayat: 168<ref name=govsite/>
* Tehsils: 08<ref name=govsite/>
* Towns: 6<ref name=govsite/>
** Municipality: 2 (Khordha, Jatni)<ref name=govsite/>
** Municipal Corporation: 1 (Bhubaneshwar)<ref name=govsite/>
** N.A.C: 2 (Balugaon, Banpur)
**Semi Urban town:1 (Tangi)
**

===Tehsils===
[[File:Buddhanatha Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Buddhanath Temple]]]]
# Balianta
# Balipatna
# [[Banapur]]
# Begunia
# [[Bhubaneswar]]
# Bolagarh
# Chilika
# [[Jatani|Jatni]]
# [[Khurda|Khordha]]
# [[Tangi, Odisha|Tangi]]

===Subdivisions===
# [[Bhubaneswar]]: consists of 4 blocks, viz. Balianta, Balipatana, Jatni, [[Bhubaneswar]].
# [[Khurda]]: consists of 6 blocks, viz. Tangi, Khorda sadara, Banapur, Begunia, Bolgarh and Chilika.

==Demographics==

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Khordha district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,251,673,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title=District Census 2011 |access-date=2011-09-30 |year=2011 |publisher=Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Latvia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web|author=US Directorate of Intelligence |title=Country Comparison: Population |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |access-date=2011-10-01 |quote=Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=2011-09-30 |quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=2013-10-19 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 201st in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 799 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.65%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Khordha has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 925 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 87.51%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 92.13% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 1.98% [[Urdu]], 1.69% [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 1.65% [[Hindi]], 1.38% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 0.43% [[Santali language|Santali]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

Hindus-88.5%, Jain-4.5%, Muslims-2.5, Sikh-2.0%, Christians-1.5%, others-1% (including Buddhists)

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,70,409|13=1911|14=4,79,645|15=1921|16=4,31,482|17=1931|18=4,78,128|19=1941|20=5,16,719|21=1951|22=5,57,718|23=1961|24=6,58,073|25=1971|26=8,58,554|27=1981|28=11,32,182|29=1991|30=15,02,014|31=2001|32=18,77,395|33=2011|34=22,51,673|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Khordha district in 2011 census
| label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| value1 = 92.13
| color1 = gold
| label2 = [[Urdu]]
| value2 = 1.98
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| value3 = 1.69
| color3 = Maroon
| label4 = [[Hindi]]
| value4 = 1.65
| color4 = orange
| label5 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| value5 = 1.38
| color5 = orangered
| label6 = Others
| value6 = 1.17
| color6 = Grey
}}

==Tourist attractions and nearby places of interest==
* '''Arikama''': Village Arikama under Bolagarh block is famous for '''Maa Koshalsuni''' mandir in the forest. This green forest is protected by villagers of Arikama, Thanapalli etc. It is a picnic spot. The annual festival on '''Mahasthami''', '''Raja festival''', annual Yagna are some of the festivals observed by the villagers. It is around {{cvt|28|km}} away from Khurda and lies on Rajsunakhala Dhalapathar Road. It is around {{cvt|5|km}} from Dhalapathar and 9 km from Rajsunakhala.
* '''Atri (Hot Spring)''': It is situated in the village of [[Baghamari]], at the distance of 42 km from [[Bhubaneswar]] and nearly 14 km from Khordha bus stand. It is famous for its sulfur-water springs and a temple dedicated to Lord Hatakeswara (Lord Shiva).
* '''Banapur''': Banapur is famous for '''Maa Bhagabati''' (one of the incarnation of Hindu Goddess [[Durga|Maa Durga]]) temple. On display is a heavy iron piece that floats on water.
[[File:Maa Barunei.jpg|thumb|Maa Barunei Temple, Khurda]]
* '''[[Maa Barunei Temple|Barunei]]''': This temple is situated on the famous Barunei hills. It is at a distance of 28 km from Bhubaneswar. Goddess Barunei is the famous deity of Khurda. A stream flows from the hills which is known as '''Swarna Ganga'''. This place is one of the most significant historic places of Odisha.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* '''[[Bhubaneswar]]''': It is the capital city of Odisha, which was also known in the ancient times as the Kingdom of Kalinga. Bhubaneswar is popularly known as the '''Temple City of India''' due to its large number of ancient temples (most notable among them being Lingaraj Temple, Khandagiri, Kedar Gouri, Ram Mandir, etc.). This city also features attractions like: [[Odisha State Museum]], Bindusagar Tank, Rabindra Mandap, Raj Bhavan, Legislative Assembly, Nandankanan, City Parks and Gardens, etc. This is one of the major shopping centers in Odisha.
*'''[[Buddhanath Temple]]''': An 11th-century temple dedicated to the Hindu god [[Shiva]] located near the town of Balipatna about 25 km from Bhubaneswar
* '''[[Chilika]]''': Situated at a distance of 100 km from the state capital Bhubaneswar, Chilika (or Chilka)
[[File:Deras Dam.jpg|thumb|Deras Dam]]
* '''Deras and Jhumka''': These are two picnic spots situated at a distance of 15 km from Bhubaneswar. They are two dams surrounded by a dense forest on three sides. It is popular with picnickers during winter.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Sundarpur Muketashwar: Maa Mangala Temple
* '''Dhauligiri''': It is situated at a distance of 15 km from Bhubaneswar. The rock edict of Dhauli bears the early history of Kalinga and this rock edict was engraved by Emperor [[Ashoka]].
* '''Garamanitri''': It is situated at a distance of 18 km form Khordha. Vaia Dalatola-Garamanitri is famous for Maa Ramchandi temple( ଶକ୍ତି ପୀଠ ମା ରାମଚଣ୍ଡୀ) and is a picnic spot.
* '''[[Golabai]]''': Golabai Sasan is known mostly from its medieval temple architecture. This settlement site is located on the left bank of the Mandakini (locally Mallaguni) river, near the Chilka lake. Trial excavations in 1991 showed a succession of Chalcolithic and Iron Age assemblages, presumably dating to the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. The pottery as dull red and grey wares. Ground lithics bring to mind those of East and South-east Asia. This site and Sankarjang are the main sites in Odisha which represent this time.
* '''Guapur''': Located midway between Bhubaneshwar and Puri, this village is accessible through a road to the east of the highway. It is {{cvt|20|km}} from Bhubaneshwar.
* '''Hatabasta''': Village Hatabasta (Srichandanpurpatna) is {{cvt|3|km}} from Raj-Sunakhala and known for Goddess Maa Jogamaya. There is a big pond which is covered with lotus flowers in all seasons; known as Bada Pokhari where Lord Sapaneswar worshipped by the villager of Hatabasta. Many festivals are celebrated in this village such as "Jhamu Yatra","Rama Lila","Kartika Purnima"
* '''Kaipadar''': Kaipadar is 15 km from Khurda. A mosque is present here. This place is the meeting place of Hindus and Muslims.
* '''Khandagiri and Udayagiri''': These twin hills are situated in Bhubaneswar. There are 117 caves in these twin hills. The Rani Gumpha is the largest cave in the Udaygiri hill. Another cave called the Hati Gumpha contains rocks engraved with [[Hathigumpha inscription]] by King [[Kharavela]]. These caves contain a Barabhuja temple and a Jain temple.
* '''[[Lingaraja Temple]]''': Lingaraja temple is the largest [[Shiva]] temple in Odisha. A couple of other temples exist there around it.
* '''[[Maa Ugra Tara]]''': This temple is located in between Rameswar chowk and chandpur (Tangi block) in NH-5 and 55 km from Bhubaneswar towards Balugaon and 35 km from Balugaon towards BBSR. It is a location for picnics and also movie shooting.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Maa ugratara is the deity of entire Tangi block. Nearby, the village Bhusandpur is the largest village among Odisha. This place is famous for fishermen's ground, because Chilika Lake is near this village.
* '''[[Nandankanan Zoo]]''': This is a zoo of Odisha situated at a distance of 20 km from Bhubaneswar. It is famous for the botanical garden, zoo, and natural lake. The recently opened natural lion safari is the largest of its kind in India.
* '''Shishupalgarh''': Located 13 km from Bhubaneswar. The ruined fort Shishupalgarh and ancient capital of Kalinga named Toshali are being discovered by the Archaeological Survey of India.
* '''Shikhar Chandi''': Located 15 km from Bhubaneswar towards Nandankanan. A temple dedicated to Goddess Chandi on the hiltop can be found here. {{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* '''''Maa Kosalasuni Temple :''''' This place is 45 km from Bhubaneswar and 20 km from Khordha near side of NH-Khordha-Kalapathar road.
* Also 12 km from Rajsunakhala.

==Politics==

===Vidhan sabha constituencies===
{{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
The following are the eight [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Khordha district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date= 2 May 2007}}</ref> of that area

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Constituency
!Reservation
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (blocks)
!Member of 14th Assembly
![[Political party|Party]]
|-
!111
|Jayadev
|SC
|Balianta, Balipatna
| Sashi Bhusan Behera
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!112
| [[Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya)]]
|None
| Bhubaneswar MC Ward No. 16 to 29 and 35 to 37
|Bijaya Kumar Mohanty
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!113
|[[Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar North (Uttar)]]
|None
| Bhubaneswar (MC) (part), Bhubaneswar (part)
| Priyadarshi Mishra
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!114
|Ekamra-Bhubaneswar
|None
| Bhubaneswar (MC) (part), Bhubaneswar (part)
| Ashok Chandra Panda
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!115
|Jatani
|None
| Jatani (M), Jatani, Khurda (PART), Bhubaneswar (part)
| Suresh Kumar Routray
| bgcolor="SkyBlue" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
!116
|Begunia
|None
|Begunia, Bologarh
|Raja sahoo
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!117
|Khurda
|None
|Khurda (M), Tangi, Khurda (part)
|Yotirindra Nath Mitra
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!118
| Chilika
|None
|Balugaon (NAC), Banapur (NAC), Chilika, Banapur,
|Prasant Jagdev
| bgcolor="orange" | [[BJP|BJD]]
|}

===Lok Sabha constituencies===
During 1952 general election, Pandit Lingraj Mishra was elected from the [[Khurda (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. 1957 onwards members were elected from [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name="1-ls">{{cite web|title=First Lok Sabha - State wise Details - Odisha|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Odisha&lsno=1 |access-date= 20 December 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website|http://khordha.nic.in/}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Khordha district
|North = [[Cuttack district]]
|Northeast =
|East =
|Southeast = [[Puri district]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Ganjam district]]
|West = [[Nayagarh district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Khordha district}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Khordha district| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

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Khordha district