Jaynagar Majilpur

2026-03-23T18:22:00Z

69.113.136.56:

{{Short description|City in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jaynagar Majilpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Cities and towns in West Bengal|City]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality.jpg
| photo2a = Nimpith Sarada Ashram.jpg
| photo2b = Nimpith Ramkrishna Ashram.jpg
| photo3a = Dutta Bari.jpg
| photo3b = INDIRA GANDHI COMMUNITY HALL.jpg
| photo4a = JAYNAGAR RAILWAY STATION.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 300
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top: Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality, Ramkrishna Ashram, Indira Gandhi Community Hall, Jaynagar Majilpur Railway Station, Dutta Bari, Sarada Ashram
}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India##Location in Asia##Location in Earth
| coordinates = {{coord|22.1751976|N|88.4200808|E|region:IN-WB|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = [[Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 5.85
| area_footnotes =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 25,922
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 88.38 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| demographics1_info2 = 959 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics2_title2 = Additional official
| demographics2_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 743337
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|Telephone code]]
| area_code = +91 3218
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-19]], [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-20]], [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-95]], [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-96]], [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-97]], [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-98]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jaynagar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituency]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jaynagar Assembly constituency|Jaynagar]]
| website = {{URL|http://joynagarmozilpurmunicipality.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jaynagar Majilpur''' ({{IPA|bn|d͡ʒɔe̯nɔgoɾ mod͡ʒɪlpuɾ|lang|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-জয়নগর মজিলপুর.wav}}) is a city and a municipality of [[South 24 Parganas|South 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is situated in the southern suburbs of [[Kolkata]]. As an urban setup in the vicinity of Kolkata, the city is within the area of [[Kolkata metropolitan area|Greater Kolkata]]. It is a part of the area covered by [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]] (KMDA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmdaonline.com/kma.html|title=Base Map of Kolkata Metropolitan Area|access-date=3 September 2007|publisher=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000049/http://www.cmdaonline.com/kma.html|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> The city is famous for its confectionery called ''[[Jaynagarer Moa]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Special-packaging-for-Joynagar-Moa/articleshow/50798946.cms |title=Special packaging for Jaynagarer Moa ? |work=The Times of India|date=1 February 2016 |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Jaynagar is an ancient settlement. The name of Jaynagar comes from the name of the local goddess ''[[Chandi|Joychandi]]'', from which the city derived the name, ''Joychanditala''. Over time it became ''Joychandinagar'' and then ''Joynagar'' or ''Jaynagar''.<ref name="etymology">{{cite book|last1=Bondyopadhyay|first1=Biswanath|title=Dictionary of The Historical Places of Bengal, 1757–1947|year=2013|publisher=Primus|isbn=978-93-80607-41-2|page=135}}</ref><ref name="etymology1">{{cite book|last1=Gangopadhyay|first1=Basudev|title=Paschimbanga Parichay, 2001|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad|isbn=978-81-86806-71-5|page=70}}</ref>

Another ancient settlement is Majilpur. The etymology of the name is an interesting one. Originally the [[Ganges]] would flow over where the city is, but slowly it started silting down. This silting is called ''Moje Jaoa'' in Bengali language, from which the city derived the name, ''Mojapur''. Over time it became ''Mojpur'', ''Mojipur'' and then ''Mojilpur'' or ''Majilpur''.<ref name="etymology"/><ref name="etymology1"/>

==History==
Many ''[[janapada]]s'' grew up along the old [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]] channel from the ancient times until around the 16th century: [[Kalighat]], Boral, [[Rajpur Sonarpur|Rajpur]], [[Harinavi]], Mahinagar, [[Baruipur]], [[Baharu]], Jaynagar, Majilpur, [[Chhatrabhog]] etc. [[Bipradas Pipilai]]'s ''[[Manasamangal Kāvya|Manasavijaya]]'', composed in 1495, mentions many places in this region. [[Chand Sadagar]], a merchant character of the ''Manasavijaya'', reached Baruipur, from Kalighat, through the old Bhagirathi channel. From there he proceeded towards Chhatrabhog, and then traveling through Hatiagarh ''[[pargana]]'' reached the open sea. [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanyadeva]] (1486–1534) also went through this route. Travelling by boat to [[Puri]] he halted at the village of Atisara, near Baruipur. His last stoppage in [[24 Parganas]] was at Chhatrabhog. Chhatrabhog seems to have been an important river-port on the old Bhagirathi channel. Rama Chandra Khan, the ''[[zamindar]]'' of Chhatrabhog, helped Chaitanyadeva to continue with his journey.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Pages 3–4, Chapter I: South 24 Parganas: An overview| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

To the west of the [[Sealdah South section|Sealdah–Namkhana railway line]] lies Jaynagar, and to the east lies Majilpur. Jaynagar, predominantly inhabited by ''[[Kayastha]]s'', is ancient, whereas Majilpur, largely ''[[Brahmin]]''-dominated, is comparatively recent. While Jaynagar finds mention in the ''[[Mangal-Kāvya]]s'' of the sixteenth–seventeenth centuries, Majilpur does not. At one time, the powerful stream of the [[Adi Ganga]] flowed through the heart of both Jaynagar and Majilpur. Today this river is almost dead, and people have taken over its course and are maintaining it like ponds under names such as ''Mitra Ganga'', ''Motilal Ganga'', ''Ghosh Ganga'', and ''Bose Ganga''. Situated along the ancient course of the Adi Ganga and forming part of the [[Sundarbans]] hinterland, this region was once covered with dense forests. In those days, ships of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] traders used to ply along the Adi Ganga and, near the village of [[Andul]], reached [[Saptagram]] in present-day [[Hooghly district]] via the channel now known as the [[Sankrail]] Canal. In 1750, when ''[[nawab]]'' [[Alivardi Khan]] diverted the main course of the [[Ganges]] by cutting a canal near [[Betor]], carrying the waters through the dead channel of the [[Saraswati River (West Bengal)|Saraswati River]] past [[Budge Budge]], [[Falta, South 24 Parganas|Falta]] and [[Diamond Harbour]] to finally merge with the [[Muri Ganga River|Muri Ganga]] near the [[Gangasagar]], the death knell of the Adi Ganga began to sound. Coincidentally, foreign pirates—[[Mog people|Mog]], Portuguese and [[French people|French]]—who arrived via this waterway often carried out looting and terror in Jaynagar and hid in the nearby forest-covered region of [[Magrahat]]. Magrahat derives its name from these Mog pirates. However, most of the inhabitants of Jaynagar Majilpur came from outside: just as the ''Motilals'' and the ''[[Dutta (surname)|Dutta]]s'' migrated from [[Jessore]], the ''[[Mitra (surname)|Mitra]]s'' came from [[Barisha, Kolkata|Barisha]] in [[Behala]]. Moreover, due to the sanctity of the Adi Ganga and the presence of temples and cremation grounds along its banks, devout ''Brahmins'' also settled here.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sengupta|first1=Nitish|title=History of The Bengali-speaking People|year=2001|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=81-7476-355-4|pages=132–137}}</ref>

The name of Jaynagar is first mentioned in the ''Manasavijaya'' composed by Bipradas Pipilai. Towards the end of the tenth century, king Nilkantha Motilal of Jaynagar, as a feudatory ruler, governed a portion of the vast territory of king Subuddhi Ray’s ''Raynagar'' kingdom, which extended from [[Raimangal River|Raimangal]] in the east to the Saraswati River in the west. In the early eleventh century, when the entire [[Ganges Delta]] was submerged by massive floods, most of the ''Raynagar'' kingdom became deserted. Even the clan deity of the ''Motilal'' family, ''[[Chandi|Joychandi]]'', was swept away. Soon after, when king Nilkantha Motilal lost his life in a war in [[Magadha]], his brother migrated with his family to Jessore. Several generations later, in the early sixteenth century, Gunananda Motilal, a worthy descendant of that lineage, was travelling by boat along the Adi Ganga for trade when evening fell and he anchored his barge on the riverbank. That night, in a dream, he was divinely informed that their lost clan deity, ''Joychandi'', was residing in the form of a stone on the riverbank in that region. Following the divine instruction, Gunananda entered the forest the next morning with guards. At that time, Jaynagar was covered with dense jungle. There, beneath a ''[[Mimusops elengi|bakul]]'' tree in the forest, he discovered the stone fragment of goddess ''Joychandi''. On seeing it, Gunananda decided to install a wooden idol of the goddess, carved from ''bakul'' wood, and to establish a temple. He wished to personally supervise the work, but this was not possible from Jessore. Hence, he planned to build his own residence beside the temple and began living there with his family. He later brought Tunu Pandit and his family from Jessore to perform the daily worship of the goddess. Since then, the uninterrupted daily service and worship of goddess ''Joychandi'' have continued to this day. Jaynagar derives its name from this very deity, ''Joychandi''. After the ''Motilal'' lineage, the ''Kayastha'' ''[[Sen (surname)|Sen]]'' family and the ''Mitra'' lineage from Barisha settled here. The ''Radhaballabh Temple'' and the ''Dwadash Shiva Temples'', established by the ''Mitra'' family, still exist today.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McCutchion|first1=David J.|title=Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal|year=2017|publisher=The Asiatic Society of Kolkata|isbn=978-93-81574-65-2|pages=78}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/south-24-parganas/mysterious-news-visits-historical-jaychandi-temple-in-jaynagar-l18-pb-1123356.html|title=প্রতি বছর জৈষ্ঠ্য মাসে কদমগাছে একটি মাত্র ফুল ফোঁটে! তাও মাত্র একবার! জয়নগরের এই ঘটনা অবাক করবে!|publisher=News18 Bangla|access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="pratidhwani">{{cite web|last1=Sardar|first1=Pallabi|url=https://www.thecho.in/pluginAppObj/pluginAppObj_312_06/download.php?action=download|title=The Centuries-old Dhanvantari Kali and Jaychandi Temples: Then and Now, Vol XII, Issue-III|year=2024|publisher=Pratidhwani the Echo|pages=43–50|access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref>

To the east of Jaynagar lies Majilpur. The place was formed on the silted bed of the Adi Ganga, hence the name Majilpur. In the early seventeenth century, when the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]]’s general [[Man Singh I|Man Singh]] attacked Jessore, ''[[maharaja]]'' [[Pratapaditya]]’s ''[[dewan]]'', Chandraketu Dutta, moved to this forested island of the Sundarbans for self-preservation. Along with him came his family priest, Shri Krishna Udgata, and two Brahmins of the ''Dakshinatya Vedic'' tradition—Raghunandan Pota and another. Through the efforts of the ''Dutta'', ''Udgata'' and ''Pota'' families, Majilpur gradually rose to prominence. In later times, the descendants of the ''Udgatas'' adopted the surnames ''[[Bhattacharya (surname)|Bhattacharya]]'' and ''Brahmachari'', while the descendants of the ''Potas'' took the surname ''[[Chakraborty]]''. Even in the early eighteenth century, the flow of the Adi Ganga was still present here. The riverbanks were then densely forested and secluded. At that time, a ''[[tantric]]'' practitioner named Swami Bhairavananda, finding the place ideal for meditation, began his spiritual practice here. After some time, he received a divine revelation in a dream that goddess ''[[Kali]]'' lay neglected in the deep waters of the nearby ''Padma Pukur''. Upon searching, Swami Bhairavananda discovered an ancient black stone idol of goddess ''Kali'' and installed it in a small hut he had built himself. Before leaving for another place to continue his spiritual pursuits, he entrusted the worship of the idol to his disciple Rajendralal Chakraborty, a descendant of the ''Pota'' family. In the mid-eighteenth century, Rajendralal again received a divine command and, as instructed by the goddess, built a wooden idol and a temple for her using ''[[Azadirachta indica|neem]]'' wood lying beside the ''Padma Pukur''. Pleased with Rajendralal’s devotion, goddess ''Kali'' bestowed upon him a divine medicine that could cure various incurable diseases. As the medicine worked like that of ''[[Dhanwantari]]'', the idol came to be known as ''Dhanwantari Kali'', and the temple was named ''Dhanwantari Kalibari''. Every year, in the month of ''[[Boishakh]]'', a grand fair lasting a fortnight is held centred on this ''Kali'' idol. From ''[[Paksha#Shukla Paksha|Shukla]]'' ''[[Pratipada]]'' to ''[[Purnima]]'', the goddess is presented in different forms each day. Since the goddess’s attire (''besh'') is changed daily, the fair is popularly known as the ''Besher Mela''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/24Parganas/page5.htm |title=Temples and Legends of Bengal |work=The Temples in 24 Parganas |publisher=Hindu Books |pages=5–7 |access-date=5 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627021137/http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/24Parganas/page5.htm |archive-date=27 June 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/south-24-parganas/a-half-year-long-transformation-fair-of-the-ancient-dhanvantari-kali-ma-ub-1073436.html|title=১৫ দিনে নানা রূপে ধরা দেন জয়নগরের ধন্বন্তরি মা, শুরু হল চমকপ্রদ 'বেশের মেলা'|publisher=News18 Bangla|access-date=26 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="pratidhwani"/>

The ''zamindari'' of the famous ''Dutta'' family of Majilpur, established on the silted channel of the Adi Ganga, is well recorded in history. However, their ''zamindari'' eventually came to an end due to their oppressive and undisciplined way of life. In particular, their inhuman cruelty towards maidservants and concubines was one of the main reasons for the downfall of the ''Dutta'' rule. Nevertheless, the ''Dutta'' family produced many illustrious figures, such as the historian Kalidas Dutta, and maintained associations with several noble individuals. When the great novelist [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] served as the Subdivisional Magistrate of Baruipur, he stayed for a considerable period as a guest of the ''Dutta'' family. He chose their ''zamindari'' estate and its surroundings as the background for his famous novel ''[[Bishabriksha]]'', and even today many similarities between the novel and the estate can be traced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!state/durga-puja-2025-know-the-history-of-jaynagar-dutta-bari-durga-puja-with-bankim-chandra-and-netaji-memory-west-bengal-news-wbs25092002233|title=দত্তবাড়ির পুজোয় আসতেন বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র, এখনও প্রসাদ পৌঁছয় নেতাজির বাড়িতে|publisher=ETV Bharat|access-date=22 September 2025}}</ref>

Jaynagar Majilpur is not famous only for its ''[[Jaynagarer Moa|Moa]]'' sweets; it is also an eternally memorable place in history for its valour in India’s freedom struggle. It was the birthplace of many revolutionaries and martyrs and played an active role in the armed revolutionary movement. The renowned freedom fighter [[Kanailal Bhattacharjee]] grew up in this historic city. Besides him, eminent personalities such as philosopher [[Sivanath Shastri]], doctor [[Nilratan Sircar]], poet [[Shakti Chattopadhyay]], musician [[Hemant Kumar]], and singer [[Nirmala Mishra]] were all sons and daughters of this very land.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sengupta|first1=Subodh Chandra|last2=Bose|first2=Anjali|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan, Vol I|year=1998|publisher=Sahitya Samsad|isbn=81-85626-65-0|pages=70-71, 522-523}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sengupta|first1=Subodh Chandra|last2=Bose|first2=Anjali|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan, Vol I|year=2010|publisher=Sahitya Samsad|isbn=978-81-7955-135-6|pages=117}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=300| height=450| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|10|0|N|88|30|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the southern part of Baruipur subdivision (including Baruipur, Jaynagar I & II, Kultali CD blocks) in South 24 Parganas district'''<br />M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: historical place/ religious centre<br />Places linked with coastal activity are marked in blue<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
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|mark-coord2={{coord|22|24|9|N|88|28|14|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Garia | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Garia, Baruipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|24|45|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Panchghara | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Panchghara, Baruipur]] (CT)
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|mark-coord21={{coord|22|14|5|N|88|26|42|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Dakshin Barasat| numbered21=N| mark-title21=[[Dakshin Barasat]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|9|10|N|88|26|23|E}} | label-pos22=bottom|label22=Nimpith| numbered22=CT| mark-title22= [[Nimpith]] (CT)
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|mark-coord25={{coord|21|55|17|N|88|32|40|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Maipit| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Maipit]] (R)|shape-color25=#0048BA
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|6|59|N|88|34|13|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Jamtala| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Jamtala]] (R)||shape-color26=#C42222
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|14|48|N|88|32|48|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Dhosa| numbered27=H| mark-title27= [[Dhosa, Jaynagar]] (H)| shape-color27=#AA6666
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|14|16|N|88|33|41|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28=Tilpi| numbered28=H| mark-title28= [[Tilpi]] (H)| shape-color28=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|14|50|N|88|26|47|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Padmerhat| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Padmerhat]] (R)||shape-color29=#C42222
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|0|35|N|88|38|40|E}} |label30= Matla River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=-65| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===Area overview===
Baruipur subdivision is a rural subdivision with moderate levels of urbanization. 31.05% of the population live in the urban areas and 68.95% live in the rural areas. In the southern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 20 [[census town]]s. The entire district is situated in the [[Ganges Delta]] and the southern part is covered by the Baruipur-Jaynagar Plain. [[Archaeological]] excavations at [[Dhosa, Jaynagar|Dhosa]] and [[Tilpi]], on the bank of the [[Piyali River]] indicate the existence of human habitation around 2,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South Twety-four Parganas |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1362/download/4462/DH_2011_1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_TWENTY_FOUR_PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 13, Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 9: Sundarbans and the Remote Islanders, pp. 290–311 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 17 October 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>

===Location===
Jaynagar Majilpur is located at {{Coord|22.1751976|N|88.4200808|E|format=dms}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|8|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/JaynagarMajilpur.html|title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Jaynagar Majilpur|publisher=Falling Rain Genomics|access-date=27 August 2016}}</ref>

[[Raynagar]], [[Kalikapur Barasat]], [[Baharu]], [[Uttarparanij]], [[Alipur, Jaynagar|Alipur]] and [[Uttar Durgapur]], all in the Jaynagar I CD block, are adjacent to Jaynagar Majilpur. [[Nimpith]] and [[Tulshighata]], both in the Jaynagar II CD block, are very close to Jaynagar Majilpur. These nine locations (eight census towns and a municipal city) virtually form a cluster.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1362/download/4462/DH_2011_1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_TWENTY_FOUR_PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 699 - Map of Jaynagar I CD block, Page 725 – Map of Jaynagar II CD block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>

===Climate===
Jaynagar Majilpur is subject to a [[Tropical savanna climate|tropical wet-and-dry climate]] that is designated Aw under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. According to a [[United Nations Development Programme]] report, its wind and cyclone zone is ''very high damage risk''.<ref name="climate">{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/24438|title=Climate: Jaynagar Majilpur|publisher=Climate Data|access-date=14 January 2014}}</ref>

====Temperature====
The annual mean temperature is {{cvt|26.8|°C}}; monthly mean temperatures are {{cvt|19 to 30|°C}}. Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s Celsius; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed {{cvt|40|°C}} in May and June. Winter lasts for roughly {{frac|2|1|2}} months, with seasonal lows dipping to {{cvt|9 to 11|°C}} in December and January. May is the hottest month, with daily temperatures ranging from {{cvt|27 to 37|°C}}; January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from {{cvt|12 to 23|°C}}. The highest recorded temperature is {{cvt|43.9|°C}}, and the lowest is {{cvt|5|°C}}. The winter is mild and very comfortable weather pertains over the city throughout this season. Often, in April–June, the city is struck by heavy rains or dusty squalls that are followed by thunderstorms or hailstorms, bringing cooling relief from the prevailing humidity. These thunderstorms are [[convection rain|convective]] in nature, and are known locally as ''Kal'bôishakhi'', or ''Nor'westers'' in English.<ref name="climate"/>

====Rainfall====
Rains brought by the [[Bay of Bengal]] branch of the [[Southwest monsoon|south-west summer monsoon]] lash Jaynagar Majilpur between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of about 1,850 mm (73 in). The highest monthly rainfall total occurs in July and August. In these months often incessant rain for days brings live to a stall for the city dwellers. The city receives 2,528 hours of sunshine per year, with maximum [[Insolation|sunlight exposure]] occurring in March. Jaynagar Majilpur has been hit by several cyclones; these include systems occurring in 1737 and 1864 that killed thousands.<ref name="climate"/>

<div style="width:100%">
{{Weather box
| location = Jaynagar Majilpur
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 32.8
| Feb record high C = 38.4
| Mar record high C = 41.1
| Apr record high C = 43.3
| May record high C = 43.7
| Jun record high C = 43.9
| Jul record high C = 39.9
| Aug record high C = 38.4
| Sep record high C = 38.9
| Oct record high C = 39.0
| Nov record high C = 34.9
| Dec record high C = 32.5
| year record high C = 43.9
| Jan avg record high C = 29.8
| Feb avg record high C = 33.5
| Mar avg record high C = 37.4
| Apr avg record high C = 38.5
| May avg record high C = 38.8
| Jun avg record high C = 38.0
| Jul avg record high C = 35.9
| Aug avg record high C = 35.0
| Sep avg record high C = 35.3
| Oct avg record high C = 35.1
| Nov avg record high C = 32.9
| Dec avg record high C = 29.8
| year avg record high C = 39.8
| Jan high C = 25.8
| Feb high C = 29.2
| Mar high C = 33.5
| Apr high C = 35.3
| May high C = 35.3
| Jun high C = 33.8
| Jul high C = 32.4
| Aug high C = 32.2
| Sep high C = 32.4
| Oct high C = 32.2
| Nov high C = 30.1
| Dec high C = 27.0
| year high C = 31.6
| Jan mean C = 20.0
| Feb mean C = 23.6
| Mar mean C = 28.0
| Apr mean C = 30.4
| May mean C = 30.9
| Jun mean C = 30.4
| Jul mean C = 29.4
| Aug mean C = 29.3
| Sep mean C = 29.2
| Oct mean C = 28.1
| Nov mean C = 25.0
| Dec mean C = 21.2
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 14.1
| Feb low C = 17.8
| Mar low C = 22.4
| Apr low C = 25.3
| May low C = 26.4
| Jun low C = 26.8
| Jul low C = 26.5
| Aug low C = 26.4
| Sep low C = 26.0
| Oct low C = 24.1
| Nov low C = 19.7
| Dec low C = 15.2
| year low C = 22.6
| Jan avg record low C = 10.7
| Feb avg record low C = 12.9
| Mar avg record low C = 17.6
| Apr avg record low C = 20.4
| May avg record low C = 21.5
| Jun avg record low C = 23.7
| Jul avg record low C = 24.3
| Aug avg record low C = 24.4
| Sep avg record low C = 23.8
| Oct avg record low C = 20.6
| Nov avg record low C = 15.4
| Dec avg record low C = 11.8
| year avg record low C = 10.4
| Jan record low C = 6.7
| Feb record low C = 7.2
| Mar record low C = 10.0
| Apr record low C = 16.1
| May record low C = 17.9
| Jun record low C = 20.4
| Jul record low C = 20.6
| Aug record low C = 22.6
| Sep record low C = 20.6
| Oct record low C = 17.2
| Nov record low C = 10.6
| Dec record low C = 7.2
| year record low C = 6.7
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
| Feb rain mm = 20.9
| Mar rain mm = 35.2
| Apr rain mm = 58.9
| May rain mm = 133.1
| Jun rain mm = 300.6
| Jul rain mm = 396.0
| Aug rain mm = 344.5
| Sep rain mm = 318.1
| Oct rain mm = 180.5
| Nov rain mm = 35.1
| Dec rain mm = 3.2
| year rain mm = 1836.5
| unit rain days =
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 1.7
| Mar rain days = 2.2
| Apr rain days = 3.4
| May rain days = 7.0
| Jun rain days = 12.8
| Jul rain days = 17.7
| Aug rain days = 16.9
| Sep rain days = 13.9
| Oct rain days = 7.4
| Nov rain days = 1.3
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| year rain days = 85.9
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 61
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 51
| Apr humidity = 62
| May humidity = 68
| Jun humidity = 77
| Jul humidity = 82
| Aug humidity = 83
| Sep humidity = 82
| Oct humidity = 75
| Nov humidity = 67
| Dec humidity = 65
| year humidity = 69
| Jan sun = 213.9
| Feb sun = 211.9
| Mar sun = 229.4
| Apr sun = 240.0
| May sun = 232.5
| Jun sun = 135.0
| Jul sun = 105.4
| Aug sun = 117.8
| Sep sun = 126.0
| Oct sun = 201.5
| Nov sun = 216.0
| Dec sun = 204.6
| year sun =
| Jand sun = 6.9
| Febd sun = 7.5
| Mard sun = 7.4
| Aprd sun = 8.0
| Mayd sun = 7.5
| Jund sun = 4.5
| Juld sun = 3.4
| Augd sun = 3.8
| Sepd sun = 4.2
| Octd sun = 6.5
| Novd sun = 7.2
| Decd sun = 6.6
| yeard sun = 6.1
| source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 8 m)<ref name="climate"/>
}}
</div>

==Demographics==
===Population===
{{Historical populations
| 1901 | 8810
| 1911 | 9245
| 1921 | 8408
| 1931 | 9755
| 1941 | 14218
| 1951 | 13355
| 1961 | 14177
| 1971 | 15218
| 1981 | 16343
| 1991 | 20217
| 2001 | 23315
| 2011 | 25922
| source = [[Census of India]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1362/download/4462/DH_2011_1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_TWENTY_FOUR_PARGANAS.pdf | title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 999-1031 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 999-1006 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>
}}

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jaynagar Majilpur had a total population of 25,922, of which 13,234 (51.05%) were males and 12,688 (48.95%) were females. It had a population density of {{convert|4431|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} with a sex ratio of 959 females for every 1000 males. There were 2,277 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years which is 8.78% of the total population. The Scheduled Castes numbered 4,830 (18.63%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 24 (0.09%). The total number of literate persons was 20,898 (88.38% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 11,092 (91.96% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 9,806 (84.66% of the female population over 6 years). Jaynagar Majilpur had a total of 6,036 households as per report released by 2011 Census of India.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1363/download/4466/DH_2011_1917_PART_B_DCHB_SOUTH_TWENTY_FOUR_PARGANAS.pdf | title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-B, Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract | work = Urban PCA-Town wise Primary Census Abstract, Pages 536-583 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Jaynagar Majilpur (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 99.14 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 0.82 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 0.03 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.01 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 99.14% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 0.82% [[Hindi]] and 0.03% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Jaynagar Majilpur (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.34}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|18.23}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.17}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|0.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Others or not stated|Black|0.18}}
}}

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], 81.34% of the population is [[Hindu]], 18.23% [[Muslim]], 0.17% [[Christian]], 0.04% [[Sikh]], 0.02% [[Buddhist]] and 0.02% [[Jainism|Jain]]. 0.18% did not state a religion in the census.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Municipality===
[[Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality]] covers an area of {{cvt|5.85|km2}}. It has jurisdiction over the entire city of Jaynagar Majilpur. The municipality was established on {{start date and age|1 April 1869}}. It is divided into 14 administrative wards. According to the 2022 municipal election, it is being controlled by the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://westbengalvaluationboard.gov.in/home/municipality_corporation_details/SGVyRXN1VW8zZCtuZjA2WFhDNjh0SXBOT042RkxvZmg2QnZyRGt4RncvaEU2L2tjd00rTGM0RVoyb0FaaVpQbWRzbzJML2lwc1lkeWhmNklxeHpyQXc9PQ== | title = Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality | work = West Bengal Valuation Board | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Joynagar-Mozilpur.htm|title=Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality|work=Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs|publisher=Government of West Bengal|access-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421011803/http://wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Joynagar-Mozilpur.htm|archive-date=21 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Police station===
Jaynagar police station covers an area of {{cvt|438.06|km2}}. It has jurisdiction over parts of the [[Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality]], and the [[Jaynagar I]] and [[Jaynagar II]] CD blocks.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://baruipurpolice.wb.gov.in/ps-detail/3 |title = Jaynagar police station | work= Baruipur police district |publisher= West Bengal police | access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South 24 Parganas | work = Table No. 2.1 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 October 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of the Jaynagar I CD block are located at Baharu.<ref name="cdblock">{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2155 | title = BDO Offices under South 24 Parganas District | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 October 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181003083629/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2155 | archive-date = 3 October 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The map of the CD block Jaynagar I on the page number 699 in the ''District Census Handbook 2011'' for the South 24 Parganas district shows the headquarters of the CD block as being located in Jaynagar Majilpur.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1362/download/4462/DH_2011_1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_TWENTY_FOUR_PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 699 - Map of Jaynagar I CD block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>

The headquarters of the Jaynagar II CD block are located at Nimpith.<ref name="cdblock"/> The map of the CD block Jaynagar II on the page number 725 in the ''District Census Handbook 2011'' for the South 24 Parganas district shows the headquarters of the CD block as being located in Jaynagar Majilpur.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1362/download/4462/DH_2011_1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_TWENTY_FOUR_PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 725 - Map of Jaynagar II CD block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
Jaynagar Majilpur is on the [[State Highway 1 (West Bengal)|State Highway 1]].<ref name="google">Google maps</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 7 February 2017}}</ref>

[[Jaynagar Majilpur railway station]] is on the [[Sealdah South section|Sealdah–Namkhana line]] of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]].<ref name="google"/><ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-sealdah-namkhana-local-34792/14397/325/9534 | title = 34792 Sealdah–Namkhana Local | work = Time Table | publisher = India Rail Info | access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>

===Commuters===
With the electrification of the railways, suburban traffic has grown tremendously since the 1960s. As of 2005–06, more than 1.7 million (17 lakhs) commuters use the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system daily. After the partition of India, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata. The new immigrants depended on Kolkata for their livelihood, thus increasing the number of commuters. Eastern Railway runs 1,272 EMU trains daily.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328319153 | title = Commuting and Metropolitan Development of Kolkata | first= Bhaswati| last= Mondal| access-date = 17 October 2019}}</ref>

==Education==
* [[Dhruba Chand Halder College]], established in 1965, is affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]]. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, political science, philosophy, economics, geography, education, mathematics and accounting & finance, and general degree courses in arts, science, and commerce.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dchcollege.org/main/contactus.php | title = Dhruba Chand Halder College | publisher = DCHC | access-date = 17 October 2019 }}</ref>
* [[Jaynagar Institution]] is a Bengali-medium school for boys. It was established in 1878 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
* Jaynagar P. C. Paul Institution is a Bengali-medium school for boys. It was established in 1915 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
* Jaynagar Institution for Girls is a Bengali-medium school for girls. It was established in 1947 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Bishwanath |title=West Bengal begins live lectures for Class 10 and 12 students on TV |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/west-bengal-begins-live-lectures-for-class-10-and-12-students-on-tv/article31286080.ece |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=8 April 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* Jaynagar Chamatkarini Balika Vidyalaya is a Bengali-medium school for girls. It was established in 1941 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
* Majilpur J. M. Training School is a Bengali-medium school for boys. It was established in 1905 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
* [[Majilpur Shyamsundar Balika Vidyalaya]] is a Bengali-medium school for girls. It was established in 1934 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
* [[Majilpur Atul Krishna Vinodini Bhattacharya Vidyapith]] is a Bengali-medium school for boys. It was established in 1948 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.

==Healthcare==
Jaynagar Majilpur Maternity Home, with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Jaynagar Majilpur.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 October 2019 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Sivanath Shastri]], Social reformer, philoshoper and writer
* [[Kanailal Bhattacharjee]], Revolutionary nationalist
* [[Nilratan Sircar]], Doctor
* [[Jogindranath Sarkar]], Writer
* [[Shakti Chattopadhyay]], Writer
* [[Bimal Krishna Matilal]], Philosopher
* [[Hemant Kumar]], Music director, composer, lyricist and playback singer
* [[Nirmala Mishra]], Playback singer
* [[Subodh Banerjee]], Member of Legislative Assembly, Minister for Public Works Department and Minister for Labour
* [[Paresh Nath Kayal]], Member of Parliament
* [[Sakti Kumar Sarkar]], Member of Parliament
* [[Sanat Kumar Mandal]] Member of Parliament
* [[Tarun Mandal]], Member of Parliament
* [[Pratima Mondal]], Member of Parliament
* [[Biswanath Das]], Member of Legislative Assembly

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons-inline}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.joynagar.in|title=Digitize Jaynagar Majilpur|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410134806/https://www.joynagar.in/|archive-date=10 April 2018|url-status=dead}}

{{South 24 Parganas}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Neighbourhoods in South Kolkata}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Jaynagar Majilpur| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Kolkata Metropolitan Area]]

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Jaynagar Majilpur