Culture of Hyderabad

2021-09-04T23:16:51Z

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{{More citations needed section|date=June 2018}}

{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
[[File:Charminar-Pride of Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|[[Charminar]]]]
The culture of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], also known as '''''Hyderabadi Tehzeeb''''' ({{Nastaliq|حیدرآبادي تہذیب }}) or '''''Dakhini Tehzeeb''''' ({{Nastaliq|دکني تہذیب }}),<ref>{{cite news|title=Deccani tehzeeb symbol of Ganga jamnawi tehzeeb is history|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-16/hyderabad/30524005_1_chiran-palace-nizam-mir-osman-ali-khan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225057/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-16/hyderabad/30524005_1_chiran-palace-nizam-mir-osman-ali-khan|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 December 2013|date=16 December 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 November 2012}}</ref> is the traditional cultural lifestyle of the [[Hyderabadi Muslims]], and characterizes distinct linguistic and cultural traditions of North and South India, which meet and mingle in the city and [[Hyderabad State|erstwhile kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hyderabad through the eyes of a voyager|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-24/hyderabad/29809601_1_hyderabad-bike-temples-and-mosques|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106070518/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-24/hyderabad/29809601_1_hyderabad-bike-temples-and-mosques|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2012|date=24 July 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=27 December 2011}}</ref> This blending was the result of the geographic location of the region and the variety of historical dynasties that ruled the city across different periods—its inception by the [[Qutub Shahi dynasty]] in 1591 AD, the occupation by the [[Mughal Empire]] and its decline, and the patronage under the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]].

The city is historically known for its ''[[Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb]]'', which refers to unity and co-existence of Hindu and Muslim cultures and traditions. Apart from a few instances of communal violence, the majority of the city residents advocate communal harmony between [[Telugu people]] and [[Hyderabadi Muslims]], the two main religious and cultural groups found in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_narendra_luther.htm|title=585 Narendra Luther, Bridging two cultures|website=www.india-seminar.com|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kcr-vows-to-get-ganga-jamuni-tehzeeb-back/article7416305.ece|title=KCR vows to get 'Ganga Jamuni tehzeeb' back|date=2015-07-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Muslims-keep-alive-spirit-of-Ganga-Jamuni-tehzeeb/articleshow/49164464.cms|title=Muslims keep alive spirit of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/ganga-jamuni-tehzeeb-temple-serving-iftar-dates-to-5-mosques-in-hyderabad-779534/|title=Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb: Temple serving Iftar Dates to 5 Mosques in Hyderabad {{!}} The Siasat Daily|website=archive.siasat.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref>

Apart from [[Hyderabad]], Hyderabadi Culture is also seen in communities in [[Bidar]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Gulbarga]], [[Bijapur]], [[Guntur]], [[Latur]] and [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]. These used to be a part of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]], hence, the culture is prevalent in the areas, especially among [[Dakhini Muslims]].

''Hyderabadis'', as residents of the city are known, may be either [[Telugu language|Telugu]] or [[Urdu]] speaking.
<ref>{{cite web
|title=Languages
|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/languages.html
|publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
|year=2011
|access-date=14 April 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208110254/http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/HIST-CULT/languages.html
|archive-date=8 February 2012
|url-status=dead
}}
{{cite web
|title=Common Expressions: Hyderabadi Urdu
|url=http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/definitions/Hyderabadi+Urdu
|work=Webster's Online Dictionary
|year=2011
|access-date=14 April 2012
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118152359/http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/definitions/Hyderabadi%2BUrdu
|archive-date=18 January 2012
}}</ref> The traditional Hyderabadi garb is ''[[Sherwani]]'' ''[[Kurta]] [[Paijama]]'', and Lungi for men,<ref>{{cite news|title=Alkesh and Saranya's engagement do|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-21/hyderabad/29680267_1_saranya-engagement-traditional-affair|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103082614/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-21/hyderabad/29680267_1_saranya-engagement-traditional-affair|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|date=21 June 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 April 2012}}
*{{cite news|title=Clothes make-over for men|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/03/21/stories/2002032100230100.htm|date=21 March 2002|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref> Sarees, ''[[Khara Dupatta]]'' and ''[[Salwar kameez]]'' for women.<ref name="Karen Leonard">{{cite book|title=Locating home: India's Hyderabadis abroad|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|pages=14 and 248–255|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8047-5442-2|author=Karen Isaksen Leonard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ramzan shopping reaches peak|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article608639.ece|work=The Hindu |date=2 September 2010|access-date=14 April 2012}}
*{{cite news|title=Retro chic|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/11/17/stories/2004111700870300.htm|date=17 November 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> ''[[Burqa]]'' and ''[[Hijab]]'' is commonly practised among the Muslim women in public.<ref name="times_burqa">{{cite news|title=Burqa sale on the rise in Old City|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Burqa-sale-on-the-rise-in-Old-City/articleshow/7175090.cms|work=The Times of India |date=28 December 2010|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> Most of the youth wear [[western clothing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/23/stories/2009032350730400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234115/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/23/stories/2009032350730400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2013|date=23 March 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> Public carnivals celebrated in Hyderabad include the [[Ganesh Chaturthi]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Tight security for Ganesh festival in Hyderabad|work=Sify|url=http://www.sify.com/news/tight-security-for-ganesh-festival-in-hyderabad-news-national-kjlsumibagg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204184038/http://www.sify.com/news/tight-security-for-ganesh-festival-in-hyderabad-news-national-kjlsumibagg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2011|date=11 September 2010|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> [[Bonalu]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Bonalu celebrated with great fervour in city|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bonalu-celebrated-with-great-fervour-in-city/169989-60-121.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111172516/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bonalu-celebrated-with-great-fervour-in-city/169989-60-121.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2012|work=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=27 July 2011|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> [[Eid ul-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gaiety marks Id-ul-Fitr celebrations|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/16/stories/2004111615940300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041125073004/http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/16/stories/2004111615940300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2004|date=15 November 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>

== The Capital ==
Hyderabad city as the former capital of [[Hyderabad State]] had received the royal patronage for arts, literature and architecture by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|former rulers]], also attracting [[Intellectual#Man of Letters|men of letters]] and arts from different parts of the world to get settled in the city. Such multi-ethnic settlements popularised [[Multiculturalism|multi cultural]] events such as [[Mushaira]]s, [[literary]] and [[Drama|stage drama]].<ref name="International_Mushaira">{{cite news|title=Anjuman Muhibban-e-Urdu to hold International Mushaira|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/anjuman-muhibban-e-urdu-hold-international-mushaira|work=[[The Siasat Daily]]|date=13 April 2012|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> Besides the popularity of [[Western culture|Western]] and other Indian popular musics such as the [[filmi]] music, the residents of Hyderabad play city based [[Marfa Music]] which had become an integral part of every event.<ref name="George Michell">{{cite book|title=The New Cambridge History of India, Volumes 1–7|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|pages=218–219|year=1987|isbn=0-521-56321-6|author=George Michell}}</ref><ref name="thehindu_marfa">{{cite news|title=US Consul General floored by Arabi daf|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/01/stories/2010120154970600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119155958/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/01/stories/2010120154970600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2011|date=1 December 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=10 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Osmania University]] and [[University of Hyderabad]] offers Masters and Doctoral (PhD) level programs in [[classical language]]s, [[modern languages]], dance, [[theatre arts]], painting, [[fine art]] and [[Executive master's degree|communication]].<ref name="HOU_arts">{{cite web|title=Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication|url=http://www.uohyd.ac.in/index.php/academics/2011-10-27-18-38-04/sarojini-naidu-school-of-arts-a-communication|publisher=uohyd.ac.in|date=27 October 2011|access-date=11 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="OU_arts">{{cite web|title=Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology|url=http://www.osmania.ac.in/ArtsCollege/ancient_indian_history_caa.htm|publisher=osmania.ac.in|year=2008|access-date=11 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Ravindra Bharati]], [[Shilpakala Vedika]] and Lalithakala Thoranam are well-known auditoria for theatre and performing arts in the city.<ref name="Ravindra_Bharati">{{cite news|title=Ravindra Bharathi to be closed for renovation from 1 August|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/03/stories/2005070313480500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218074239/http://hindu.com/2005/07/03/stories/2005070313480500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2009|date=3 July 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> Another prominent cultural centre is [[Lamakaan]], known for promoting the arts and regularly hosting a plethora of events and workshops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lamakaan.com/|title=Lamakaan – The Open Cultural Center|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>

The modern [[Hyderabad International Convention Centre]] (HICC), also known as HITEX, constructed with the cost of {{INR}} 3 billion has become well known venue address internationally.<ref name="HITEX">{{cite news|title=Rs 300 cr convention centre ready for inauguration in Hyderabad|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/dec/28centre.htm|work=Rediff|date=28 December 2005|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> The Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, is an annual event which showcases the city's literary and cultural aspects.<ref>{{cite web|title=Celebrating creativity|url=http://www.hyderabadliteraryfestival.com/|work=Hyderabad Literary Festival 2012|year=2012|access-date=14 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419043414/http://www.hyderabadliteraryfestival.com/|archive-date=19 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the year 2010, the first ever [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] was organised in the city.<ref name="Chern_Prize">{{cite web|title=The IMU Prizes|url=http://www.icm2010.in/imu-prizes|publisher=icm2010.in|year=2010|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> Other cultural events include annual [[Numaish]] and literary festival for promoting regional Indian literature.<ref>{{cite news|title=Literary fest ends; local writers cry foul|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-19/hyderabad/30642288_1_literary-fest-urdu-and-hindi-local-writers|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707175941/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-19/hyderabad/30642288_1_literary-fest-urdu-and-hindi-local-writers|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2012|date=19 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> Some of the nationally and internationally acclaimed cultural representatives from the city are [[Sarojini Naidu]], [[Amjad Hyderabadi]], [[M F Hussain]],<ref name="M_F_Hussain">{{cite news|title=Husain's special relationship with Hyderabad|url=http://www.asianage.com/india/husains-special-relationship-hyderabad-682|work=Asian Age|location=India|date=9 June 2011|access-date=13 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615034227/http://www.asianage.com/india/husains-special-relationship-hyderabad-682|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Irshad Panjatan]], [[Talat Aziz]], [[Harsha Bhogle]], [[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Vithal Rao]], [[Shaik Dawood Khan]], Janardhan Mitta and [[Rashid Ali (singer)|Rashid Ali]].

==Museums==
Hyderabad is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions which are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the [[AP State Archaeology Museum|State Archaeology Museum]] (former name ''Hyderabad Museum'') in 1930.<ref>{{cite web|title=A.P.State Museum, Hyderabad |url=http://museums.ap.nic.in/apsm.htm |work=National Informatics Centre |date=n.d. |access-date=29 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215173442/http://museums.ap.nic.in/apsm.htm |archive-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> The other important museums including, the [[Salar Jung Museum]], the [[Nizam Museum]], the [[City Museum, Hyderabad|City Museum]],<ref name="thehindu_museum">{{cite news|title=Here's a treasure trove|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kids/article2023279.ece|work=The Hindu|date=16 May 2011|access-date=14 April 2012|first=Aparna|last=Menon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502041447/http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kids/article2023279.ece|archive-date=2 May 2012|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite news|title=Muffakham Jah opens City Museum|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2985506.ece|work=The Hindu|date=12 March 2012|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> and the [[Birla Science Museum]] which also comprises a planetarium.<ref>{{cite news|title=Take another look|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kids/article2805132.ece|work=The Hindu |date=16 January 2012|access-date=29 April 2012}}</ref>

===Salar Jung Museum===
The [[Salar Jung Museum]], which houses "The world's largest one man collection",<ref name="SJM">{{cite web|title=Partnership with the Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/skills-sharing/world_collections_programme/salar_jung_museum.aspx|work=[[British Museum]]|year=n.d.|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> is by far the largest and most famous museum in the city. It is one of the three national museums of India. It houses an impressive collection of artifacts from all over the world, collected by [[Salar Jung III]], who was the [[Prime Minister of Hyderabad]].
Among the most notable exhibits are jade-crafted daggers belonging to [[Jahangir]] and [[Shah Jahan]], the famous sculpture of [[Veiled Rebecca]] and copies of the Quran in various styles and sizes.

==Art==
[[File:Hookah base Louvre MAO739.jpg|thumb|A [[Bidriware]] of the 18th century, displayed at [[Musée du Louvre]]]]

===Painting===
[[Indian painting#Malwa, Deccan and Jaunpur schools of painting|Deccani style painting]] originated in the 16th century in and around Hyderabad. It contains an insightful native style with the blend of foreign techniques and has a similarity of neighbouring Vijayanagara paintings. The extensive use of luminous, gold and white colours is generally found in Deccani paintings. Due to the Islamic influence in the sultanate the Deccani paintings are mostly of nature with the background of [[floral]] and [[fauna]], and the major use of regional landscape is reflected commonly with regional culture. Some Deccani paintings present the historical events of the region.<ref name="BE">{{citation|title=Deccani painting|publisher=britannica.com|date=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Mark_Zebrowski">{{cite book|title=Deccani Painting|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|pages=40–285|year=1983|isbn=0-85667-153-3| author=Mark Zebrowski}}</ref>

===Handicraft===
A [[Fine art]] metal handicraft [[Bidriware|Bidri ware]] (the skills and techniques which came from Middle East to India during the 14th century), was popularised in Hyderabad during Asif Jahi region in the 18th century. Today the production of Bidriware in Hyderabad and neighbouring [[Bidar]] accounts highest in India. The Bidri ware is a [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication]] (GI) awarded craft of India.<ref name="Bidriware">{{cite news|title=Proving their mettle in metal craft|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/hyderabad/30580986_1_bidriware-hyderabad-bidar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508043800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/hyderabad/30580986_1_bidriware-hyderabad-bidar|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2013|date=2 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Kalamkari]], a fine art of [[Handicraft]] (originated in [[Machilipatnam]] 3000 year ago is a Handicraft of Andhra Pradesh) is also popular in the city.<ref name="TOI_Kalamkari">{{cite news|title=Kalamkari losing Islamic thread|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-20/hyderabad/30646611_1_srikalahasti-qutub-shahi-fine-art|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508012354/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-20/hyderabad/30646611_1_srikalahasti-qutub-shahi-fine-art|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2013|date=20 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>

==Literature==
[[File:Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah portrait.JPG|thumb|[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], founder of [[Hyderabad]] and [[Urdu poet]]]]
The [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahs]] were regarded as the great patrons of [[Urdu]], [[Farsi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language. The region saw a growth of [[Deccani Urdu]] literature, the ''[[Deccani Masnavi]]'' and ''[[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]]'' composed during those periods are among the earliest available manuscripts in the Urdu language. The literary work of this region is influenced with the regional [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2017/dec/18/qutb-shahi-rulers-patronage-for-telugu-1730847.html|title=Qutb Shahi rulers' patronage for Telugu|date=18 December 2017|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> and [[Kannada language|Kannada]] in parallel with [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] including the adoption of poetic meters and a great quantity of renovated words.<ref name="Masud">{{cite book|title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah, volume 216|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|pages=50–77|year=1996|isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |last=Hussain Khan|first=Masud}}</ref> The Fifth Sultan of the dynasty, [[Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah]] was himself an [[List of Urdu poets|Urdu poet]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary-244924/|title=Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary|date=14 January 2012|work=The Siasat Daily}}</ref>

The period of [[Asaf Jahi Dynasty|Nizams]] saw a growth of literary growth since after printing was introduced in Hyderabad. In 1824 AD, the first collection of Urdu ''[[Ghazal]]s'' named ''Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa'' (Mahlaqa's garden of flowers) written by [[Mah Laqa Bai]], was printed and published from Hyderabad.<ref name="Mah laqa bai">{{cite book|title=Women writing in India volume 1, 600 BC to the Early Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u297RJP9gvwC|publisher=[[The Feminist Press]]|page=120|year=1991|isbn=978-1-55861-027-9 |last1=Susie|first1=Tharu|last2=K|first2=Lalita|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref>

After the [[Revolt of 1857]], many Urdu writers, scholars and poets who lost their patronage at [[Delhi]] made Hyderabad their home, that grew and brought reforms in the literary and poetry work. Scholars continued to migrate to Hyderabad during the reign of [[Asaf Jah VI]] and his successor [[Asaf Jah VII]]. These included [[Shibli Nomani]], [[Dagh Dehlvi]], [[Fani Badayuni]], [[Josh Malihabadi]], [[Ali Haider Tabatabai]], Zahir Dehlvi and many others.<ref name="Datta">{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian literature: Devraj to Jyoti, Volume 2|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|pages=1260, 1746–1748|year=2005|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |last=Datta|first=Amaresh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/mar/31/city-of-bards-eminent-poets-who-settled-down-in-hyderabad-1794858.html|title=City of Bards: Eminent poets who settled down in Hyderabad|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref>

The reign of [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Asaf Jah VII]] saw many reforms in literary work. For the first time in history the [[Nizams]] introduced [[Urdu]] as a language of court, administration and education. Other notable poets, scholars and writers of the early 20th century are [[Amjad Hyderabadi]],<ref>https://archive.siasat.com/news/hyderabad-observe-104th-anniversary-musi-flood-349446/</ref> [[Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad]],<ref name="death">{{cite news|title=Sir Kishen Pershad Passes Away|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=168-AAAAIBAJ&pg=6865%2C1236175|access-date=8 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=14 May 1940|page=2}}</ref> [[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]], [[Sayyid Shamsullah Qadri]], [[Mohiuddin Qadri Zore]]<ref>https://www.prlog.org/11428536-syed-mohiuddin-qadri-zore-ma-phd.html</ref> and [[Sulaiman Areeb]].

[[Sarojini Naidu]], born and brought up in Hyderabad, was a great admirer of Hyderabadi culture. She described its various aspects in her poems, the most famous of which is "[[In the Bazaars of Hyderabad]]".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4D9b4QSeoMIC|title=Musings on Indian Writing in English: Poetry|last=Iyer|first=N. Sharada|date=2005|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=9788176255745|language=en}}</ref>

Since after Indian Independence, the organisation that are working for the development of the literary work are [[Sahitya Akademi]] (to promote both Telugu and Urdu in Telangana), ''Urdu Academy'', ''Telugu Academy'', ''National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language'', ''The Comparative Literature Association of India'' and ''Andhra Saraswata Parishad'' (Former name; ''Nizam Rashtria Andhra Saraswata Parishad''). Along with native languages the city attracts many international languages scholars since after the establishment of [[English and Foreign Languages University]] (1972).<ref>{{citation |title=Report of the working group on art and culture for XI five-year plan and proposals for XI five-year plan (2007–12) & annual plan (2007–08)|publisher=[[Ministry of Culture (India)]]|pages=45–55, 205–211|year=2007}}</ref> The [[State Central Library, Hyderabad]] (former name ''Asifia Kutubkhana'') since 1891 is the biggest library of Telangana.<ref name="Asifia_library">{{cite news|title=State Central Library to sport a grand look again|url=http://hindu.com/2005/08/06/stories/2005080615910300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128181733/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/06/stories/2005080615910300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2006|date=6 August 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> The other popular libraries in the city are the [[Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam]], the [[British Library, Hyderabad|British Library]]<ref>{{cite news|title=British Library turns 30|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/10/28/stories/2009102850440100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402014930/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/10/28/stories/2009102850440100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2013|date=28 October 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=29 April 2012}}</ref> and the [[Sundarayya Vignana Kendram]] which also houses Urdu research center's collection.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Original Urdu Research Center (URC)|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/bibliographic/urlc/urc.html|work=dsal.uchicago.edu|date=29 September 2009|access-date=29 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Urdu Research Centre, Hyderabad:A Souveni|url=http://www.sundarayya.org/pdf/BBC-URLC.pdf|work=[[Sundarayya Vignana Kendram]]|date=10 June 2004|access-date=29 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110235124/http://www.sundarayya.org/pdf/BBC-URLC.pdf|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Hyd_tourism">{{cite news|title=Analysis: HITEC City: The IT community of tomorrow?|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2000-09-05/tech/hitec.idg_1_office-park-theme-park-business-park?_s=PM:TECH|work=[[CNN]]|date=5 September 2000|access-date=8 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120203236/http://articles.cnn.com/2000-09-05/tech/hitec.idg_1_office-park-theme-park-business-park?_s=PM:TECH|archive-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite news|title=MF Museum in Hyderabad?|author=Christina Francis|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-10/people/29638992_1_mf-husain-paintings-city-artists|date=10 June 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 October 2011}}
*{{cite news|title=salar jung museum exhibition|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-04-26/hyderabad/27818880_1_exhibition-salar-jung-museum-hyderabad|date=26 April 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 October 2011}}</ref>

In 2017, [[Urdu]] was declared the second official language of the state of [[Telangana]]. (after [[Telugu language|Telugu]]) This move was praised by many residents of the area, especially [[Hyderabadi Muslims|Muslims of Hyderabad]] who spoke [[Urdu]] as their mother tongue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/urdu-second-official-language-telangana-state-passes-bill-71742|title=Urdu is second official language in Telangana as state passes Bill|date=2017-11-17|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/urdu-is-second-official-language-now/article20493655.ece|title=Urdu is second official language now|date=2017-11-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Dance, Theatre and Music==
Since inception of Hyderabad, the nobles have a tradition of courtesans dance and poetry, which had led to a unique style of dance form in court dance in Hyderabad, the [[Taramati Baradari|Taramati]] of the early 16th century and [[Mah Laqa Bai]] 18th century are some of the early courtesans who popularised [[Kathak]] dance and poetry culture in the early history of Hyderabad. Some of the dance festivals organised by the AP Government are; ''Golconda Music and Dance Festival'', ''The Taramati Music Festival'', ''The Premavathi Dance Festival''.<ref name="Mah laqa bai"/><ref name="TOI and NYT_Culture">{{cite news|title=Doorway to culture in the name of Taramati|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-12-28/hyderabad/27175685_1_aptdc-golconda-fort-taramati-baradari|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829174823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-12-28/hyderabad/27175685_1_aptdc-golconda-fort-taramati-baradari|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 August 2012|date=28 December 2003|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 June 2012}}
*{{cite news|title=36 hours in Hyderabad, India|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/travel/36-hours-in-hyderabad-india.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 2012|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref>

The residents of Hyderabad, in the past were not much trendy in theatre and drama, though artists like [[Adrak Ke Punjey|Baban Khan]] had been internationally recognised for their theatrical work.<ref name="Baban Khan">{{cite news|title=After 10,000 record shows, curtains to come down on play|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000131/ina31063.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124092512/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000131/ina31063.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|last=Dabhole Kasabe|first=Nanda|date=30 January 2000|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> It was in the last few decades that the Department of Culture and the Theatre Development Department of Andhra Pradesh Government had applied efforts to promote the art of theatre with multiple programs and festivals.<ref name="The Hindu_theater2">{{cite news|title=Verse drama feast|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041550400300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110235229/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041550400300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2013|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|date=15 April 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> The result of which that most of the youths have been evolved in the theatre art and drama and it is gaining popularity among the residents.<ref name="TheHindu_Theatere">{{cite news|title=Theatre is catching up in Hyderabad|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/01/19/stories/2009011950120100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234122/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/01/19/stories/2009011950120100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2013|last=S.Kumar|first=Sandeep|date=19 January 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref>

===Music===
The city is home to many ''[[Qawwali|Qawwals]]'', that keep the age-old tradition of ''[[Qawwali]]'' intact, the most notable of which are [[Ateeq Hussain Khan]] and the [[Warsi Brothers]]. The tradition is kept alive at various [[Dargah]]s in the city, including [[Dargah Yousufain]], [[Dargah-e-Hazrat Shah Khamosh]] and [[Pahadi Shareef|Dargah Pahadi Shareef]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.natgeotraveller.in/hyderabad-guide-nizami-opulence-chic-cafes-and-qawwali-performances/|title=Hyderabad Guide: Nizami Opulence, Chic Cafes, and Qawwali Performances|work=Your Site NAME Goes HERE|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/special-place-for-qawwali-in-hyderabad/article3271428.ece|title=Special place for qawwali in Hyderabad|last=Farida|first=Syeda|date=2012-04-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110817/hyderabad-qawwals-try-to-keep-dying-art-alive.html|title=Hyderabad qawwals try to keep dying art alive|date=2017-08-11|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en}}</ref>

==Films==
Film-making in Hyderabad was started in early 1917 by [[Dhirendra Nath Ganguly|Lotus film Co]] during the Nizams era.<ref name="Vinayak_Purohit">{{cite book|title=Arts of Transitional India Twentieth Century|publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd|pages=950–951|year=1988|isbn=0-86132-138-3|author=Vinayak Purohit}}</ref> The city is home to the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu film industry]], popularly known as ''Tollywood'',<ref name="great-tollywood">{{cite news|title=Tollywood loses top slot|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tollywood-loses-top-slot/articleshow/9689376.cms|work=The Times of India|date=22 August 2011|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> the second largest in India after ''Bollywood''.<ref name="tollywood_second largest">{{cite news|title=Telugu film industry MoU with Motion Pictures Association of America|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3205612.ece|work=The Hindu|date=23 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325065033/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3205612.ece|archive-date=25 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2005, parallel to ''Tollywood'' and ''Bollywood'' the city base Hyderabad lingo movies initiated by "Hyderabad Deccan Film Club" deccanwood, had gained popularity in the region.<ref name="City_movies">{{cite news|title=New breed of Hyderabadi stars|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-01/news-interviews/29491135_1_film-industry-tollywood-new-breed|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507075502/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-01/news-interviews/29491135_1_film-industry-tollywood-new-breed|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2013|date=1 May 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> Annually the city host, "International Children Film Festival",<ref>{{cite news|title=17th International Children's Film Fest starts in Hyderabad|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/17th-childrens-film-fest-starts-in-hyderabad/202515-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122025519/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/17th-childrens-film-fest-starts-in-hyderabad/202515-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 November 2011|work=[[IBN Live]]|date=26 December 2011|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> and since 2007, the city has hosted the [[Hyderabad International Film Festival]] (HIFF),<ref name="TheHindu-HIFF">{{cite news|title=Fuelled by passion|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/15/stories/2007031500260100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107033503/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/15/stories/2007031500260100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2012|date=15 March 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Prasads IMAX|Prasad IMAX Theaters]] houses the world's largest [[IMAX 3D|IMAX-3D]],<ref name="PrasadIMAX">{{cite news|title=World's largest 3D IMax to open in Hyderabad|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/jun/10imax.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=10 June 2003|access-date=17 May 2010}}</ref> In the year 2005, the [[Guinness World Records]] declared, The [[Ramoji Film City]] located in Hyderabad since 1996, as the world's largest film studio.<ref name="RFC_Guinness_World_Record">{{cite book|title=Largest film studio|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio/|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]|year=2012|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>

==Clothing, Jewelry and Perfume ==
[[File:NizamViiMukarram.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Asaf Jah VII]] and his heir apparent [[Mukarram Jah]], both wearing [[Sherwani]] and [[Rumi topi|Rumi Topi]]|alt=]]

===''Khara Dupatta''===

The ''[[Khara dupatta]]'' or ''Khada Dupatta'' (uncut veil) is an outfit composed of a ''kurta'' (tunic), ''[[chooridaar]]'' (ruched pair of pants), and 6-yard ''dupatta'' (veil) and is traditionally worn by Hyderabadi brides.<ref>https://ranasafvi.com/the-hyderabadi-khada-dupatta-adaptation-of-mughal-dupatta/</ref> Sometimes the ''kurta'' is sleeveless and worn over a ''koti'' resembling a [[choli]]. The bride also wears a matching ''ghoonghat'' (veil) over her head. The accompanying jewelry is:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/31122010/page29.shtml|title=A Song of Hyderabad|last=Khan|first=Bilquis Jehan|website=www.thefridaytimes.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222064747/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/31122010/page29.shtml|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref>

*''Tika'' (a medallion of uncut diamonds worn on the forehead and suspended by a string of pearls)
*''Jhoomar'' (a fan-shaped ornament worn on the side of the head)
*''Nath'' (a nose ring with a large ruby bead flanked by two pearls)
*''Chintaak'' also known as Jadaoo Zevar (a choker studded with uncut diamonds and precious stones)
*''Kan phool'' (earrings that match the ''Chintaak'' and consist of a flower motif covering the ear lobe and a bell-shaped ornament that is suspended from the flower. The weight of precious stones and gold in the ''Karan phool'' is held up by ''sahare'' or supports made of strands of pearls that are fastened into the wearer's hair.)
*''[[Satlada]]'' (neck ornament of seven strands of pearls set with emeralds, diamonds and rubies)
*''Ranihaar'' (neck ornament of pearls with a wide pendant)
*''Jugni'' (neck ornament of several strands of pearls with a central pendant)
*''Gote'' (Shellac bangles studded with rhinestones and worn with gold coloured glass bangles called ''sonabai'')
*''Payal'' (ankle bracelets)
*''Gintiyan'' (toe rings)

===''Sherwani''===
The ''[[Sherwani]]'' is the traditional men's garb of Hyderabad. It is a coat-like tunic with a tight-fitting collar (hook & eyelet fastening), close-fitting in the upper torso and flaring somewhat in its lower half. It usually has six or seven buttons, often removable ones made from gold sovereigns for special occasions. The material is usually silk or wool. A groom may use gold brocade for his wedding sherwani, but otherwise good taste dictates understated colors, albeit with rich and textured fabrics. The sherwani is usually worn over a silk or cotton ''kurta'' (long shirt) and ''pyjamas'' (baggy pants with a drawstring at the waist).

The ''Sherwani'' is closely associated with Hyderabad,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-the-sartorially-savvy-sixth-nizam-helped-in-the-evolution-of-the-sherwani/article23033545.ece|title=How the fashionable sixth Nizam helped in the evolution of the 'sherwani'|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2018-03-10|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> although it has spread since to the rest of India and to Pakistan. Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] adapted its design and turned it into his trademark ''[[Nehru Jacket]]'', further popularizing the garment.

===''Attar''===
The traditional ''[[Ittar|Attar]]'', though considered a dying art form, are available in the [[bazaar]]s near [[Charminar]] and the [[Moazzam Jahi Market]]. Many of the older generations still prefer ''attar'' over modern [[perfumes]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/four-generations-later-art-ittar-losing-its-scent-hyderabad|title=Four generations later, the art of 'Ittar' is losing its scent in Hyderabad|date=2015-06-12|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/tracing-the-fragrant-attar/article3707469.ece|title=Tracing the fragrant attar|last=Chakravorty|first=Sohini|date=2012-07-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ittar-mingles-in-the-air-but-losing-aroma-among-youth/articleshow/62102671.cms|title=Ittar mingles in the air, but losing aroma among youth - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/The-new-scent-of-attar/articleshow/45396025.cms|title=The new scent of attar - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref>

==Cuisines==
{{Main|Hyderabadi cuisine}}{{Main|Telugu cuisine}}
[[File:Hyderabadi biryani (406687573).jpg|thumb|[[Hyderabadi biryani]] along with other [[Hyderabadi cuisine]]|alt=Hyderabadi food]]
The city is home to two types of cuisines, the [[Telugu cuisine]] and the [[Hyderabadi cuisine]]. The former is the native cuisine of the [[Telugu people|Telugu]] people and is influenced by [[South Indian cuisine|South Indian]] cuisines while the latter is native to the [[Hyderabadi Muslims]] and is more influenced by Mughlai cuisines.

[[Hyderabadi cuisine]] is the traditional cuisine of the [[Hyderabadi Muslims]], originating during the [[Qutb Shahi]] and [[Asaf Jahi]] periods. It consists of various wheat and rice dishes, often cooked with meat, or paired with meat curries. It is heavily influenced by [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]], [[Persian cuisine|Persian]] and [[Arab cuisine|Arab]], as well as the local [[Telugu cuisine|Telugu]] and [[Marathwada]] cuisines.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/All-about-Hyderabadi-cuisine/articleshow/51253897.cms|title=All about Hyderabadi cuisine - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref>

Some of the most famous dishes include [[Hyderabadi Biryani]], a celebration of basmati rice, mutton, onions, yoghurt and various spices. It's beef variant called [[Kalyani Biryani]] is also popular in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/tushar-dhara-/as-the-furore-over-beef-r_b_8243228.html|title=Why Kalyani Beef Biryani Is A Favourite of Many Hyderabadis, Muslim And Hindu|date=2015-10-06|work=HuffPost India|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Hyderabadi Haleem]], a stew of wheat, lentils and mutton, is also another specialty of the city, originating from the [[Arab cuisine|Arab]] dish [[Harees]]. It is usually prepared during the month of [[Ramadan]]. Both of these carry Geographical Indication (GI) tags.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/food-trail-hyderabad-where-ramzan-incomplete-without-haleem-82575|title=On the food trail in Hyderabad, where Ramzan is incomplete without haleem|date=2018-06-06|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> Others include [[Hyderabadi Marag]], [[Pathar-ka-Gosht]], Maghz Masala, [[Khatti Dal]], [[Kheer#South Indian version|Gil-e-Firdaus]], [[Lukhmi]] and [[Khichdi#Hyderabadi Muslims|Hyderabadi Khichdi]]. [[Irani chai|Irani Chai]] is enjoyed all over the city, often with [[Osmania Biscuit]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/eating-out/irani-chai-taste-of-persia-in-hyderabad/as32651993.cms|title=Irani Chai: Taste of Persia in Hyderabad|work=Times of India Travel|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref>

Desserts include [[Qubani ka meetha|Qubani-ka-Meetha]], an apricot pudding, [[Shahi Tukra]] (also known as ''[[Double ka meetha|Double-ka-Meetha]]''), a bread based dish and [[Kheer#South Indian version|Gil-e-Firdaus]], the local variant of [[Kheer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Alls-in-a-name/articleshow/15435688.cms|title=All's in a name!|last=Humayon|first=Afrin|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2017/jul/15/badam-ki-jali-the-delicate-almond-cookies-from-hyderabad-1628808.html|title=Badam ki jali: The delicate almond cookies from Hyderabad|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

[[Telugu cuisine]] is the part of [[South Indian cuisine]] characterized by their highly spicy food. The [[Telangana]] state lies on the Deccan plateau and its topography dictates more [[millet]] and [[roti]] (leavened bread) based dishes. [[Jowar]] and [[Pearl millet|Bajra]] features more prominently in their cuisine. Due to its proximity with [[Maharashtra]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and northwest Karnataka, it shares some similarities of the Deccan plateau cuisine. The region has the spiciest food amongst all other Telugu and Indian cuisines. [[Telangana]] has some unique dishes in its cuisine, such as ''jonna rotte'' (sorghum), ''sajja rotte'' (penisetum), or ''Uppudi Pindi'' (broken rice). In Telangana a gravy or curry is called ''Koora'' and ''Pulusu'' (Sour) in based on [[Tamarind]]. A deep fry reduction of the same is called ''Vepudu''. ''Kodi pulusu'' and ''Mamsam (meat) vepudu'' are popular dishes in meat. ''Vankaya [[Brinjal]] Pulusu'' or ''Vepudu'', ''Aritikaya [[Banana]] pulusu'' or ''Vepudu'' are one of the many varieties of vegetable dishes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |title=Needs title |work=indianexpress.com |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918082622/http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |archive-date=18 September 2013 }}</ref> ''Telangana palakoora'' is a [[spinach]] dish cooked with [[lentils]] eaten with steamed [[rice]] and [[roti]]s. [[Peanut]]s are added as special attraction and in [[Karimnagar District]], [[cashew]] nuts are added.

[[Sakinalu]] also called as ''Chakinalu'', is one of the most popular savory in [[Telangana]], is often cooked during [[Makara Sankranti]] festival season. This a deep-fried snack made of rice flour, [[sesame]] seeds and flavoured with [[ajwain]] (carom seeds or {{transl|te|vaamu}} in Telugu). These savories are harder and spicier than the Andhra varieties. Garijelu is a dumpling dish similar to the Maharashtrian karanji, which in Telangana is cooked with sweet stuffing or a savory stuffing with mutton or chicken kheema.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |title=Needs title |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918082622/http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |archive-date=18 September 2013 }}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:A typical charminar evening.jpg|thumb|280px|Panorama of Charminar complex, showing the Charminar, [[Mecca Masjid]] and [[Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Hospital]]]]{{Main|Architecture of Hyderabad}}
A distinct [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] style with local contribution is reflected in the historical buildings of Hyderabad, making it the first and "Best Heritage City of India" as of March 2012.<ref name="Best_Heritage_City">{{Cite news|title=Heritage award for Hyderabad raises many eyebrows|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-02/hyderabad/31116258_1_heritage-city-tourism-hyderabad|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507063934/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-02/hyderabad/31116258_1_heritage-city-tourism-hyderabad|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2013|date=2 March 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 March 2012}}</ref> The city houses many famous historical sites constructed during [[Qutb Shahi]] and [[Asaf Jahi]] period, including various [[List of mosques in Hyderabad|mosques]] and [[List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad#Palaces|palaces]].<ref name="UNESCO_Asia">{{cite web|title=UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation|url=http://www.unescobkk.org/unit-archive-folders/clt-archive-folder/heritage/world-heritage-and-immovable-heritage/asia-pacific-heritage-awards-for-culture-heritage-conservation/|work=[[UNESCO]]|year=2010|access-date=8 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403002556/http://www.unescobkk.org/unit-archive-folders/clt-archive-folder/heritage/world-heritage-and-immovable-heritage/asia-pacific-heritage-awards-for-culture-heritage-conservation/|archive-date=3 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Hindu temple architecture|Hindu Temple Architecture]] is also seen in the [[temples of Hyderabad]], including the [[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad|Birla Mandir]], [[Jagannath Temple, Hyderabad|Jagannath Temple]] and [[Karmanghat Hanuman Temple]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/051117/rambagh-temple-a-hidden-gem-in-the-hyderabad.html|title=Rambagh temple, a hidden gem in the Hyderabad|date=2017-11-05|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/divine-destinations/hyderabad/birla-mandir.html|title=Divine Destinations in Hyderabad :: Telangana Tourism|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721224048/http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/divine-destinations/hyderabad/birla-mandir.html|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Modern architecture|Modern]] architectural styles are seen in most buildings constructed after independence.

===Qutb Shahi period===
[[File:Qutb shahi Tombs 4.jpg|thumb|left|One of the [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]]]]
Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical [[Persian architecture]] featuring domes and colossal arches.<ref name="George Michell and Jubilee_Hall">{{cite book|title=The new Cambridge history of India, volumes 1–7|publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=218–219|year=1987|isbn=0-521-56321-6|last=Michell|first=George}}
* {{cite news|title=Jubilee hall a masterpiece of Asaf Jahi architecture|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/%E2%80%98jubilee-hall%E2%80%99-masterpiece-asaf-jahi-architecture|newspaper=The Siasat Daily|date=31 December 2011|access-date=12 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512184548/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/%E2%80%98jubilee-hall%E2%80%99-masterpiece-asaf-jahi-architecture|archive-date=12 May 2012}}</ref> The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of [[Golconda Fort|Golconda fort]] built in the 16th century.

The most important monuments from this time are the [[Charminar]] and [[Mecca Masjid]], both built by [[Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah]], the founder of Hyderabad. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of [[Charminar]] towards the fort. The Charminar has become an icon of the city, located in the centre of [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|old Hyderabad]]. It is a square structure with sides {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a {{convert|56|m|ft|abbr=on}}-high minaret. The [[Charminar]], [[Golkonda|Golconda Fort]] and the [[Qutb Shahi tombs]] are considered to be [[List of Monuments of National Importance in India|monuments of national importance in India]]. In 2010, the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage status]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=The Qutb Shahi monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi tombs, Charminar|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/|work=[[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]|year=2010|access-date=22 February 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222105425/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/|archive-date=22 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tourist guide">{{cite book|title=Tourist guide to Andhra Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4l78qG3TkAC|year=2006|publisher=Sura Books|isbn=978-81-7478-176-5|access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Qutb shahi style architecture">{{cite web|title=Qutb Shahi style (mainly in and around Hyderabad city)|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_qut.html|publisher=aponline.gov.in|access-date=24 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110075247/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_qut.html|archive-date=10 January 2013}}</ref>

The style is also seen in the [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]], [[Taramati Baradari]], [[Khairtabad Mosque]] and [[Toli Masjid]].<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/toli-mosque-under-threat-road-works-go-on-brazenly/articleshow/64131892.cms</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/restoration-of-quli-qutub-shahi-tombs/article7813913.ece|title=Restoration of Quli Qutub Shahi tombs|date=2015-10-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hyderabadtourism.travel/qutub-shahi-tombs-hyderabad|title=Qutub Shahi Tombs Hyderabad, timings, entry ticket cost, price, fee - Hyderabad Tourism 2018|website=www.hyderabadtourism.travel|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref>

===Asaf Jahi period===
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Chowmahalla Palace gate tower 01.jpg
| caption1 = Gate of [[Chowmahalla Palace]], the seat of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
| image2 = Kachiguda Railway Station Hyderabad.jpg
| caption2 = [[Kacheguda Railway Station]], designed by [[Vincent Esch]] is an example of [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture|Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture]]
}}
In the 17th century, [[Asaf Jahi Dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] architecture emerged with palatial style outweighed secular construction. The earliest examples include the [[Purani Haveli]], which served as the seat of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] until the [[Chowmahalla Palace]] was constructed. The [[Chowmahalla Palace]], located a stone's throw away from [[Charminar]] was constructed over a period of 100 years. It was recently restored and opened to the public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/chowmahalla-palace-grandeur-to-be-restored-before-monsoon/articleshow/64365671.cms|title=Chowmahalla Palace grandeur to be restored before monsoon - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/chowmahalla-wins-natl-tourism-award/articleshow/60878949.cms|title=Chowmahalla wins National Tourism Award - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref>

Another testament to the wealth of Hyderabadi aristocracy is the [[Falaknuma Palace]], built by [[Sir Vicar-ul-Umra]] and presented to [[Asaf Jah VI|Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI]]. It was inspired by [[Andrea Palladio|Andrea Palladio's]] villas. The Nizams applied [[European architecture|European styles]] in some of the palaces such as [[Falaknuma Palace|Falaknuma]] and [[King Kothi Palace]]s.<ref name="George Michell" /><ref name="Jubilee_Hall">{{cite news|title=Jubilee Hall a masterpiece of Asaf Jahi architecture|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/%E2%80%98jubilee-hall%E2%80%99-masterpiece-asaf-jahi-architecture|work=[[The Siasat Daily]]|date=31 December 2011|access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref>

[[Asaf Jah VII|Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] is called as the maker of modern Hyderabad. The buildings constructed during his reign are impressive and represent a rich style of [[Indo-Saracenic architecture|Indo-Saracenic]] architecture, such as the [[Osmania University]], [[Moazzam Jahi Market]], [[Hyderabad High Court]], [[Osmania General Hospital]], [[City College Hyderabad|City College]] and [[Kachiguda Railway Station]]. These buildings are quite distinct from their earlier Qutb Shahi counterparts. Most of these were designed by British-Indian architect [[Vincent Esch]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/government-city-college-radiates-the-charm-of-a-bygone-era/article22438106.ece|title=Government City College radiates the charm of a bygone era|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2018-01-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The [[Spanish Mosque]], [[Asman Garh Palace]], [[Errum Manzil]], [[Khursheed Jah Devdi]], [[Mahbub Mansion]], [[Saidani Ma Tomb]], [[Aza Khana-e-Zohra]], [[Hill Fort Palace]], [[Government Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Hospital]], [[Bashir Bagh Palace]] (demolished) and [[Paigah Palace]] also contribute to the architecture of this period.
[[File:Laad_Bazaar_bridal_ware_shops_view.jpg|alt=|thumb|Shops in the [[Laad Bazaar]]]]

==Bazaars==
[[Bazaars]] of Hyderabad form an integral part of the charm and add to the rich culture of the city. They are described in the poem "[[In the Bazaars of Hyderabad]]" by [[Sarojini Naidu]]. The [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Old City]] boasts of a large number of traditional Bazaars.

The [[Laad Bazaar]] adjacent to the historic [[Charminar]] is famous for its artificial bangles, pearls, jewelry, semi-precious stones, as well as [[Bidriware]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Laad-Bazaar-traders-cry-foul/article15171155.ece|title=Laad Bazaar traders cry foul|date=2008-02-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Chatta Bazaar]] is famous for its Urdu Calligraphy wedding invitation cards, which are indispensable for every [[Hyderabadi Muslim]] wedding.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Head-for-Chatta-Bazar-for-calligraphy-cards-/articleshow/232246.cms?referral=PM|title=Head for Chatta Bazar for calligraphy cards - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/as-urdu-gets-a-fillip-from-telangana-govt-khatibs-see-a-glimmer-of-hope/articleshow/61712430.cms|title=As Urdu gets a fillip from Telangana govt, khatibs see a glimmer of hope - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> Other bazaars include [[Begum Bazaar]], [[Sultan Bazaar]] and the [[Moazzam Jahi Market]].

== Sport ==

[[File:Gachibowli_Indoor_09.JPG|alt=|thumb|[[Gachibowli Indoor Stadium]]]]
{{Main|Sports in Hyderabad}}

[[Cricket]] is the most popular game in the city,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/travel/content/story/624578.html|title=Hyderabad, a love story|last=Bin Jung|first=Saad|website=Cricinfo|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref> and [[association football]] and [[Badminton|racquet sports]] are also popular. At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 [[National Games of India]], the [[2003 Afro-Asian Games]], the [[2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open]] women's tennis tournament, the [[2007 Military World Games]], the [[2009 World Badminton Championships]] and the 2009 [[IBSF World Snooker Championship]].

Prominent sportspeople from Hyderabad include [[V. V. S. Laxman]], [[Mohammed Azharuddin]], [[Sania Mirza]], [[Mohammed Siraj]], [[Syed Abdul Rahim]] and [[P. V. Sindhu]].

==Preservation==
Preservation of Hyderabadi Culture is a serious issue. After the [[Operation polo|Integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union]], a large number of eminent personalities and intellectuals from the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]] migrated to [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/180316/nawab-shah-alam-khan-who-misses-the-royal-culture.html|title=Nawab who misses the royal culture|date=2016-03-18|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Today, many heritage structures, including the [[Moazzam Jahi Market]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/this-heritage-icon-is-a-picture-of-neglect/articleshow/59874555.cms|title=This Heritage Icon Is A Picture of Neglect - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> [[Osmania General Hospital]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/heritage-structures-telangana-can-contribute-state-s-economy-lies-neglected-62562|title=Heritage structures in Telangana can contribute to the state's economy, but lie neglected|date=2017-05-24|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> [[Mahbub Mansion]],<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/A-mansion-gone-to-the-dogs/articleshow/12191530.cms|title=A mansion gone to the dogs - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> [[King Kothi Palace]]<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> and the [[Paigah Tombs]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2017/feb/08/magnificent-heritage--monumental--neglect-1568520.html|title=Magnificent heritage monumental neglect|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref> lie in a state of neglect.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2016jun06/1465194272.html|title=Deteriorating heritage of Hyderabad {{!}} TwoCircles.net|last=TwoCircles.net|website=twocircles.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-propertyplus/respect-our-architectural-heritage/article7643181.ece|title=Respect our architectural heritage|last=Seshan|first=K. s s|date=2015-09-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[Urdu]] [[Calligraphy]], or ''khushkhat'', is also a dying art form.<ref name="The Times of India"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Commoner/2017-07-06/Calligraphy-a-dying-art/310519|title=Calligraphy a dying art|website=The Hans India|language=en|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/there-are-still-takers-for-the-hand/article4544766.ece|title=There are still takers for the hand|last=Ifthekhar|first=J. S.|date=2013-03-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[Nawab Mehboob Alam Khan]] states that many of the old recipes that form [[Hyderabadi cuisine]] are being lost.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/Most-Hyderabadi-cuisine-is-dying/articleshow/1978463.cms|title='Most Hyderabadi cuisine is dying' - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hyderabad]]
*[[Hyderabadi Muslims]]
* [[Hyderabadi cuisine]]
*[[Telugu people]]
* [[Culture of Telangana]]
* {{portal-inline|Hyderabad}}

==External links==
* [http://elogedelart.canalblog.com/archives/islamic_art_/p10-0.html Deccan painting collection.]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ittar-mingles-in-the-air-but-losing-aroma-among-youth/articleshow/62102671.cms Dress and ''[[Ittar]]'']

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}

[[Category:Culture of Hyderabad, India| ]]

IndianPedia - User contributions [en]

Culture of Hyderabad