Left Front West Bengal

2026-05-07T09:19:47Z

82.132.186.196:

{{Short description|Political coalition in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Left Front
| native_name = {{transliteration|bn|Bamfront}}
| logo = <div style="background: linear-gradient(to left, #FFE5E5, #FFCCCC, #FFB3B3); padding:4px; text-align:center;">[[File:CPI(M) Election symbol.png|50px]] [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]] [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg|50px]] [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px]] <div style="font-weight:bold; margin-top:5px;">বামফ্রন্ট Left Front</div></div>
| colorcode = {{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1977|||df=yes}}
| website =
| country = India
| abbreviation = LF
| predecessor =
| membership_year =
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| seats1_title = [[Lok Sabha]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|0|42|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| seats2_title = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| seats2 = {{composition bar|0|16|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| seats3_title = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| seats3 = {{composition bar|1|294|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| seats4_title = [[Gram Panchayats]]
| seats4 = {{composition bar|3242|63229|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| seats5_title = [[Panchayat Samiti]]s
| seats5 = {{composition bar|196|9730|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| seats6_title = [[District council (India)|Zilla Parishads]]
| seats6 = {{composition bar|2|928|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| seats7_title = [[Municipalities]]
| seats7 = {{composition bar|1|108|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}|border=darkgray}} Red
| native_name_lang = bn
| eci =
| chairman = [[Biman Bose]]
| leader1_title = [[Lok Sabha]] Leader
| leader1_name =
| leader2_title = [[Rajya Sabha]] Leader
| leader2_name =
| founders = [[Jyoti Basu]]
| national =
| regional = [[Left Front-led Alliance|Left Front+]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/left-front-moves-to-forge-broader-alliance-ahead-assembly-polls-1503519078.html |title=Left Front moves to forge broader alliance ahead Assembly polls |publisher=The Statesman |date=29 November 2025 |access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref>
| symbol =
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Communism in India}}

The '''Left Front''' (''{{transliteration|bn|Bamfront}}'') is an alliance of [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] political parties in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30250849.ece |title=What is the Left Front? |publisher=The Hindu Frontline |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref> It was formed in January 1977 led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] with other founding parties being the [[All India Forward Bloc]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], the [[Marxist Forward Bloc]], the [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]] and the [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]]. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/30-years-of-left-rule-in-west-bengal-10438 |title=30 years of Left rule in West Bengal |publisher=NDTV |date=12 May 2011 |access-date=4 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cpim.org/thirty-years-left-front-government-west-bengal/ |title=Thirty Years of the Left Front Government in West Bengal |publisher= |date=17 May 2009 |access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-143675 |title=West Bengal left front begins 34th year in power |publisher=The Daily Star |date=21 June 2010 |access-date=18 April 2026}}</ref>

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with [[Jyoti Basu]] as Chief Minister and two under [[Buddhadev Bhattacharya]].<ref name="People">''People's Democracy''. [http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815214713/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm |date=15 August 2017 }}</ref> The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance.<ref name="Mitra 2004" /><ref name="Chander 2004">{{cite book |author=N. Jose Chander |title=Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&pg=PA105 |date=1 January 2004 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-092-1 |pages=105–111}}</ref> In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2026 [[Biman Bose]] is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.<ref>Embassy of Cuba in India. ''[http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/india/EN/Solidarity/withCubafromIndia/tabid/20409/ctl/Details/mid/31414/ItemID/64477/Default.aspx AIPSO WEST BENGAL OBSERVES FIDEL’S 90 BIRTHDAY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132127/http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/india/EN/Solidarity/withCubafromIndia/tabid/20409/ctl/Details/mid/31414/ItemID/64477/Default.aspx |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref>

==History==

=== Left-Janata alliance in 1977 Lok Sabha election ===
The Left Front has its roots in various past platforms of collaboration of the West Bengal left parties and anti-[[Indian National Congress]] forces.<ref name="People" /> Such examples were the [[United Left Front (1967)|United Left Front]], the [[People's United Left Front]] and the [[United Front (1967)|United Front]] that governed West Bengal 1967–1971.<ref name="People" /> However, ahead of the [[1977 Indian general election|March 1977 Lok Sabha election]] the left parties under the leadership of CPI(M) decided to form an alliance just amongst themselves, based on past negative experiences in collaboration with centrist anti-Congress forces.<ref name="People" />

The Left Front was set up when the repressive climate of the [[Emergency (India)|Emergency]] was finally relaxed in January 1977.<ref name="People" /> The six founding parties of the Left Front, i.e. the CPI(M), the [[All India Forward Bloc]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], the [[Marxist Forward Bloc]], the [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]] and the [[Biplabi Bangla Congress]], articulated a common programme. The Left Front contested the Lok Sabha election in an electoral understanding together with the [[Janata Party]].<ref name="People" /> The [[Workers Party of India]] applied for inclusion into the Left Front, but was denied entry.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sajal Basu |title=Factions, ideology, and politics: coalition politics in Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTZuAAAAMAAJ |date=1 December 1990 |publisher=Minerva Associates (Publications) |isbn=978-81-85195-26-1 |page=133}}</ref>

In the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 Lok Sabha election]] the Left Front contested 26 out of the 42 West Bengal Lok Sabha constituencies; CPI(M) fielded candidates for 20 seats, RSP 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name=e1977 /> CPI(M) won 17 seats, AIFB 3 seats and RSP 3 seats.<ref name=e1977>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1977 TO THE SIXTH LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> The combined Left Front vote in West Bengal reached 5,049,077 votes (33.4% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1977 />

=== Left victory in 1977 assembly polls ===
Ahead of the subsequent [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|June 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly elections]] seat-sharing talks between the Left Front and the Janata Party broke down.<ref name="People" /> The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 52% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to JP leader [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]], but JP did not accept anything less than 56% of the seats.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.html |title=West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged |accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> The Left Front thus opted to contest the elections on its own.<ref name="People" /> It issued a 36-point manifesto ahead of the polls.<ref name="People" /> The Left Front manifesto has similarities with the past 32-point United Front manifesto.<ref name="Chander 2004" />

The seat-sharing within the Left Front was based on the 'Promode Formula', named after the CPI(M) State Committee Secretary [[Promode Dasgupta]].<ref name="New Left Review" /> Under the Promode Formula the party with the highest share of votes in a constituency would continue to field candidates there, under its own election symbol and manifesto.<ref name="New Left Review" />

CPI(M) contested 224 seats, AIFB 36, RSP 23, MFB 3, RCPI 4 and BBC 2.<ref name=s1977>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref><ref name="Mukherjee 1991">{{cite book |author=Bharati Mukherjee |title=Political Culture and Leadership in India: A Study of West Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYg9LlHn21cC&pg=PA31 |date=1 January 1991 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-320-9 |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee |title=Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952–1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNeNAAAAMAAJ |publisher=The Committee |page=419 |isbn=9788176260282}}</ref> There was also a Left Front-supported independent candidate in the [[Chakdaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chakdaha seat]].<ref name=s1977 /><ref name="Mukherjee 1991" />

The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats.<ref name="New Left Review">''New Left Review''. ''[https://newleftreview.org/II/70/kheya-bag-red-bengal-s-rise-and-fall RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL]''</ref><ref name="Mukherjee 1991" /> CPI(M) won 178 seats, AIFB 25, RSP 20, MFB 3, RCPI 3 and 1 independent.<ref name=s1977 /> AIFB and RSP won significant chunks of seats in northern Bengal.<ref name="New Left Review" /> The combined Left Front vote was 6,568,999 votes (45.8% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=s1977 />
The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat-sharing talks with the Janata Party.<ref name="People" /><ref name="Chander 2004" />

===First Left Front government===
{{multiple image
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| width = 220
| image1 = Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png
| background color = #FFC6C4
| caption1 = '''[[Jyoti Basu]]''' Longest serving [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
}}
On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with [[Jyoti Basu]] as its Chief Minister.<ref name="People" /><ref name="People 2">''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_buddhadev.htm Thirty Years of Left Front Government in West Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401020426/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_buddhadev.htm |date=1 April 2015 }}''</ref> The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners.<ref name="Hindustan Times">''Hindustan Times''. ''[http://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/timeline-of-left-front-government-in-west-bengal/story-muPwAyT5OH4wDKgimtqEJJ.html Timeline of Left Front government in West Bengal]''</ref>

The [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]] joined the Left Front after the 1977 elections.<ref name="Frontline" />
Prior to the arrival of the Left Front government, the political environment of West Bengal was chaotic, and the new cabinet struggled to establish order.<ref name="Mitra 2004">{{cite book |author1=Subrata Kumar Mitra |author2=Mike Enskat |author3=Clemens Spiess |title=Political Parties in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dObxI9xahSYC&pg=PA77 |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96832-8 |pages=77–78}}</ref> The first years of governance was shaky, as the CPI(M) struggled with the notion of managing a communist government within a capitalist framework.<ref name="Chander 2004" /><ref name="India Today" /> Minor coalition partners expressed concern over inviting multinational corporations to invest in West Bengal.<ref name="Chander 2004" />

====Operation Barga and panchayat polls====
In the initial phase of Left Front governance, two key priorities were [[land reform]] and decentralisation of administration.<ref name="People 2" /><ref>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2006/0625/06252006_prakash.htm West Bengal Left Front Govt: A Historic Anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131946/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2006/0625/06252006_prakash.htm |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref> On 29 September 1977 the West Bengal Land (Amendment) Bill was passed.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> Through [[Operation Barga]] was done before in 1967 under the leadership of [[Hare Krishna Konar]] and [[Benoy Choudhury]], in which share-croppers were given inheritable rights on lands they tilled, 1.1 million acres of land was distributed amongst 1.4 million share-croppers.<ref name="New Left Review" /><ref name="Chakrabarty 2014">{{cite book |author=Bidyut Chakrabarty |title=Left Radicalism in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0xWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA107 |date=13 November 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-66805-3 |page=107}}</ref> On 4 June 1978 three-tier [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] local bodies were elected across the state, elections in which the Left Front won a landslide victory.<ref name="People 2" /><ref name="Hindustan Times" /> Some 800,000 acres of land were distributed to 1.5 million heads of households between 1978 and 1982.<ref name="New Left Review" /> The Left Front government was also credited with coping with the refugee situation created by the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and severe floods.<ref name="Chander 2004" />

Seeing distribution of central government funds as unjust and politicized, the Left Front government began measures to pressure the central government to change its approach towards the state governments. These movements eventually resulted in the [[Sarkaria Commission]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Bidyut Chakrabarty |title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-997489-4 |page=81}}</ref>

====1980 Lok Sabha election====

Ahead of the [[1980 Indian general election|1980 Lok Sabha election]] the Left Front and the [[Communist Party of India]] entered into a seat-sharing agreement.<ref name="Frontline" /> CPI(M) contested 31 seats, RSP 4 seats, AIFB 4 seats and CPI 3 seats.<ref name=e1980 /> CPI(M) won 28 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 3 seats and RSP 4 seats.<ref name=e1980>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1980 TO THE SEVENTH LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> The combined Left Front-CPI vote in West Bengal reached 11,086,354 votes (52.7% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1980 />

On 27 May 1980 the Left Front cancelled the past Code of Conduct for state government employees, which had limited the right to strike.<ref name="Hindustan Times" />

===Second Left Front government===
[[File:Basu, Ranadive, Mukherjee, Basavapunnaiah, and Konar in the conference of AIKS held in Barsul in 1969.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu]], [[B. T. Ranadive|Ranadive]], [[Samar Mukherjee (Howrah politician)|Mukherjee]], [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah|Basavapunnaiah]], and [[Hare Krishna Konar|Konar]] in the conference of [[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|AIKS]] held in [[Barshul|Barsul, West Bengal]] in 1969]]

====Three new members====
In 1982 the Left Front acquired three new members, CPI joined the Left Front ahead of the [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]s and the Socialist Party was split into the [[Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)]] and the [[West Bengal Socialist Party]] (both DSP and WBSP became Left Front member parties).<ref name="Frontline" /><ref name="Basu 1994">{{cite book |author=Amrita Basu |title=Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyY0Yb5BrqgC&pg=PA44 |date=1 October 1994 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08919-8 |page=44}}</ref> Some of the older, smaller Left Front constituents were uncomfortable with the expansion of the alliance, claiming that CPI(M) was diluting it politically.<ref name="Basu 1994" /> There were also disagreements on distribution of ministerial portfolios after the expansion of the alliance.<ref name="Basu 1994" />

====1982 assembly election====
CPI(M) contested 209 seats in the assembly election, CPI 12 seats, AIFB 34 seats and RSP 23 seats.<ref name=s1982 /> 16 candidates were fielded by the remainder of Left Front partners (RCPI, WBSP, DSP, BBC, MFB) and contested as independents.<ref name=s1982>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdfSTATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1982 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]{{dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''</ref>

The Left Front won 238 out of 294 seats in the election.<ref name="Chander 2004" /> CPI(M) won 174 seats, CPI 7 seats, AIFB 28 seats, RSP 19 seats, WBSP 4 seats, DSP 2 seats, RCPI 2 seats, MFB 2 seats.<ref name=s1982 /> The combined Left Front vote was 11,869,003 votes (52.7% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=s1982 />
The incumbent Food Minister, the RCPI leader [[Sudhindranath Kumar]], lost his seat.<ref name="India Today 3" /> Kumar was proposed as a candidate for a [[Rajya Sabha]] seat on behalf of the Left Front in 1984, but that move did not go down well with RSP and AIFB.<ref name="India Today 3" />

Jyoti Basu and five cabinet minister were sworn in on 27 May 1982.<ref name="Thomas 1982" /> Another 15 cabinet ministers and 22 Ministers of State were sworn in on 2 June 1982.<ref name="Thomas 1982">{{cite book |title=Asian Recorder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KdRtAAAAMAAJ |volume=28 |year=1982 |publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press |page=lxiii}}</ref>

====1984 Lok Sabha election====
In the [[1984 Indian general election|1984 Lok Sabha election]], CPI(M) contested 31 seats, RSP 4 seats, AIFB 4 seats and CPI 3 seats.<ref name=e1984 /> CPI(M) won 18 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 2 seats and RSP 3 seats.<ref name=e1984>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1984 TO THE EIGHT LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal reached 12,296,816 votes (47.6% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1984 />

====Calcutta Municipal Corporation polls====
On 30 June 1985, the first [[Calcutta Municipal Corporation]] elections were held under the Left Front rule, an election that the alliance won.<ref name="Hindustan Times" />

===Third Left Front government===

====1987 assembly election====
In the [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front increased its share of seats to 251.<ref name="Chander 2004" /> CPI(M) had contested 213 seats, CPI 12 seats, AIFB 34 seats and RSP 23 seats.<ref name=s1987 /> 12 candidates were fielded by smaller Left Front partners on independent tickets.<ref name=s1987>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1987 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref>

CPI(M) won 187 seats, CPI 11 seats, AIFB 26 seats, RSP 18 seats, WBSP 4 seats, MFB 2 seats, DSP 2 seats and RCPI 1 seat.<ref name=s1987 /> The Left Front vote stood at 13,924,806 (53%).<ref name=s1987 />

====1989 Lok Sabha election====
In the [[1989 Indian general election|1989 Lok Sabha election]], CPI(M) contested 31 seats, RSP 4 seats, CPI 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name=e1989 /> In [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta Northwest]] the Left Front supported a [[Janata Dal]] candidates who failed to get elected.<ref name=e1989 /><ref name="India Today 2">''India Today''. ''[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19910531-lok-sabha-polls-key-contituencies-where-the-popular-and-the-powerful-are-locked-in-combat-815384-1991-05-30 Key contests: Pulling out the stops]''</ref> CPI(M) won 27 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 3 seats and RSP 4 seats.<ref name=e1989>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE NINTH LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal, including the votes for the JD candidate, reached 16,284,415 votes (50.6% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1989 />

===Fourth Left Front government===

====1991 assembly election====
In the [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front won 244 seats.<ref name="Chander 2004" /><ref name=s1991 /> CPI(M) had fielded 205 candidates (excluding minor parties contesting on CPI(M) tickets), CPI 11, AIFB 34, RSP 23, MFB 2, RCPI 2, DSP 2, WBSP 4 and BBC 1.<ref name=s1991>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref><ref name="Committee4">{{cite book |author=Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee |title=Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952–1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNeNAAAAMAAJ |publisher=The Committee |page=4 |isbn=9788176260282}}</ref> Several leaders of minor Left Front parties contested on the CPI(M) symbol, such as Kiranmoy Nanda (WBSP), Gouranga Samanta (BBC) and Prabodh Chandra Sinha (DSP).<ref name=s1991 /> However, DSP also one candidate with its own symbol in Pingla.<ref name=s1991 /> MFB fielded 1 candidate on an independent ticket and 1 candidate on CPI(M) ticket. The Left Front supported [[Janata Dal]] candidates in 8 constituencies, mainly in and around Calcutta, as well as 1 candidate of the [[All India Gorkha League]] and 1 candidate of the [[Communist Revolutionary League of India]].<ref name=s1991 /><ref name="Committee4" />


CPI(M) won 182 seats, CPI 6 seats, AIFB 29 seats, RSP 18 seats, WBSP 4, seats, DSP 2 seats, RCPI 1 seat, MFB 2 seats and DSP 1 seat (on its own symbol).<ref name=s1991 /><ref name="Committee4" /> One JD candidate won.<ref name=s1991 /> The combined vote for Left Front and allies stood at 15,090,595 (48.92% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=s1991 />

====1991 Lok Sabha election====
In the [[1991 Indian general election|1991 Lok Sabha election]], CPI(M) contested 30 seats, RSP 4 seats, CPI 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name=e1991 /> In [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta Northwest]] and [[Calcutta North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta Northeast]] the Left Front supported a [[Janata Dal]] candidates who failed to get elected.<ref name="India Today 2" /><ref name=e1991 /> CPI(M) won 27 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 3 seats and RSP 4 seats.<ref name=e1991>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1991 TO THE TENTH LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal, including the votes for the JD candidates, reached 14,955,151 votes (47.1% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1991 />

In 1995 the [[Communist Revolutionary League of India]] (CRLI) of [[Ashim Chatterjee]] joined the Left Front.<ref name="The Telegraph">''The Telegraph''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060428092308/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060425/asp/frontpage/story_6142420.asp ’70s’ nemesis, now comrade – Ex-Naxal leader Ashim Chatterjee on same side as Ray]''</ref> Chatterjee, a former [[Naxalite]] student leader, had unsuccessfully contested the 1991 assembly election as a CPI(M)-supported candidate.<ref name="The Telegraph" />

===Fifth Left Front government===

====WBSP-SP merger====
[[File:Kolkatajoshi (100).JPG|thumb|Mural in favour of WBSP local body candidate in [[Kolkata]]]]Ahead of the [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], WBSP had merged into the [[Samajwadi Party]] which became a member of the Left Front.<ref name="Chander 2004" /><ref name="Indian Express">''Indian Express''. ''[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kiranmoy-returns-to-sp-will-remain-a-minister/ Kiranmoy returns to SP, will remain a minister]''</ref>

====1996 assembly election====
CPI(M) fielded 217 candidates in the assembly election, CPI 12, AIFB 34, RSP 23, RCPI 2 and BBC 1 candidate on an independent ticket.<ref name=s1996>Election Commission of India. [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf STATISTICAL ''Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal'']</ref> DSP, WBSP and MFB candidates contested on CPI(M) tickets. In 5 seats the Left Front supported JD candidates, mainly in the Calcutta area.<ref name=s1996 />

The Left Front won 203 out of 294 seats, the first major electoral set-back since its foundation.<ref name="Chander 2004" /><ref name=s1996 /> CPI(M) won 157 seats (including minor parties on its tickets), CPI 6, AFB 21, RSP 18 and BBC 1.<ref name=s1996 /> The electoral losses were primarily felt in [[Calcutta]] and the industrial areas, and nine incumbent Left Front ministers failed to get re-elected.<ref name="Chander 2004" /> All JD candidates finished in second place and RCPI lost its representation in the assembly.<ref name=s1996 /> However, in terms of votes the Left Front and the five JD candidates got 18,143,795 votes (49.3%).<ref name=s1991 /> Jyoti Basu's fifth Left Front government was sworn in, with 48 ministers representing all 13 districts of the state.<ref name="Chander 2004" />

====United Front era (1996–1999)====
In the [[1996 Indian general election|1996 Lok Sabha election]], CPI(M) contested 31 seats, RSP 4 seats, CPI 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name=e1996 /> In [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta Northwest]] the Left Front supported a [[Janata Dal]] candidate who failed to get elected.<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003">{{cite book |author1=Mahendra Prasad Singh |author2=Rekha Saxena |title=India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnAlnDZ2KcYC&pg=PA137 |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-2328-9 |page=137}}</ref> CPI(M) won 23 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 3 seats and RSP 4 seats.<ref name=e1996>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1996 TO THE ELEVENTH LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)]''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal, including the votes for the JD candidate, reached 18,011,700 votes (47.8% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1996 />
In the [[1998 Indian general election|1998 Lok Sabha election]], CPI(M) contested 32 seats, RSP 4 seats, CPI 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name=e1998 /> The list of candidates was announced at a press conference on 6 January 1998.<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003" /> The Left Front had been able to reach consensus on its candidates well before the other major parties, and subsequently the CPI(M) election campaign came off to an early start.<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003" /><ref name="Ahuja1998" />

A mammoth [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] (the national alliance backed by the left at the time) election meeting was held in Calcutta on 31 January 1998 with Jyoti Basu as the main speaker.<ref name="Frontline 3">''Frontline''. ''[http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl1504/15040300.htm The campaign phase]''</ref> Basu undertook a tour of all West Bengal districts to campaign for the Left Front candidates.<ref name="Frontline 3" />

The CPI(M) candidates included 18 incumbent Lok Sabha MPs, whereas the CPI and RSP fielded all of their incumbent MPs.<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003" /> The Left Front fielded the ex-mayor and 4-term minister [[Prasanta Sur]] to contest against Trinamool Congress leader [[Mamata Banerjee]] for the [[Calcutta South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta South seat]], but Sur failed to defeat Banerjee.<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003" /><ref name="Frontline 4">''Frontline''. ''[http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1502/15020300.htm The phase of alignments]''</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S25/partycomp23.htm |title=Partywise comparison since 1977 Lok Sabha elections |access-date=25 March 2008 |work=23 – Calcutta South Parliamentary Constituency |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907120307/http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectionAnalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S25/partycomp23.htm |archive-date=7 September 2005}}</ref> The Left Front also fielded Prasanta Chatterjee, the sitting mayor of Calcutta for the Calcutta Northeast seat as well as fielding sitting [[Howrah]] mayor Swadesh Chakravarty against the Congress(I) MP [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]].<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003" /><ref name="Frontline 4" /> AIFB fielded a new candidate in [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]], as the Barasat MP [[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]] had died.<ref name="Singh-Saxena 2003" />

All in all, CPI(M) won 24 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 2 seats and RSP 4 seats.<ref name=e1998>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1998 TO THE 12th LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> AIFB lost the Barasat seat to Trinamool Congress.<ref name="Ahuja1998">{{cite book |author=M. L. Ahuja |title=Electoral Politics and General Elections in India, 1952–1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFCjniBF9s8C&pg=PA178 |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-711-5 |pages=178–180}}</ref><ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/archive/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S25/partycomp13.htm 13 – BARASAT Parliamentary Constituency]''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal reached 17,101,211 votes (46% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1998 />

Ahead of the [[1999 Indian general election|1999 Lok Sabha election]], the Left Front released its list of candidates on 30 July 1999; CPI(M) contested 32 seats, RSP 4 seats, CPI 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name="The Telegraph 4">''The Telegraph''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132521/http://www.telegraphindia.com/990731/the_east.htm NINE NEW FACES ON FRONT POLL LIST]''</ref><ref name=e1999 /> The Left Front fielded nine new candidates; two sitting CPI(M) MPs were replaced ([[Ananda Pathak]] from [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]] and Ajoy Mukherjee from [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]).<ref name="The Telegraph 4" /> CPI(M) fielded new faces in five Calcutta constituencies.<ref name="The Telegraph 4" /> AIFB fielded a new candidate in [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]].<ref name="The Telegraph 4" /> RSP and CPI retained all their sitting parliamentarians as candidates for re-election.<ref name="The Telegraph 4" />

CPI(M) won 21 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 2 seats and RSP 3 seats.<ref name=e1999>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1999 TO THE 13th LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal reached 16,494,424 votes (46.1% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e1999 />

====CRLI out, WBSP reconstituted====
CRLI left the Left Front in 2000 in the wake of the [[Saifuddin Choudhury]]'s expulsion from CPI(M).<ref name="The Telegraph" /><ref name="rediff" /> In 2000, the WBSP was reconstituted after [[Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Amar Singh]] took over the Samajwadi Party and [[Kiranmoy Nanda]] (Fisheries Minister of Left Front government 1982–2011) broke away.<ref name="Indian Express" />

====Panskura by-election====
In 2000 a by-election was called for the [[Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panskura Lok Sabha seat]] as the sitting CPI MP [[Geeta Mukherjee]] died.<ref name="The Hindu">''The Hindu''. ''[http://www.thehindu.com/2000/05/09/stories/05091348.htm]{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}''</ref> Mukherjee had held the seat since 1980.<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/archive/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S25/partycomp29.htm 29 – PANSKURA Parliamentary Constituency]''</ref> The by-election, as it occurred just months before the 2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, was attached crucial importance.<ref name="The Tribune">''The Tribune''. ''[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000609/nation.htm#2 Left Front suffers setback]''</ref> Jyoti Basu, former Prime Minister [[V.P. Singh]] and CPI leader [[A.B. Bardhan]] campaigned for the Left Front candidate whilst Mamata Banerjee campaigned for the Trinamool Congress candidate.<ref name="The Tribune" /> The defeat of the Left Front candidate (former Rajya Saha MP [[Gurudas Dasgupta]] of CPI) by the Trinamool Congress candidate was a major jolt to the alliance.<ref name="The Hindu" /><ref>rediff.com. ''[http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jun/08rifat.htm Trinamul wins Panskura seat]''</ref>
On 27 October 2000 Basu, aged 86, was given permission by the CPI(M) leadership to resign as Chief Minister.<ref name="Chander 2004" /><ref name="Hindustan Times" /><ref name="rediff">rediff.com. ''[http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/06basu.htm Bengal after Basu]''</ref> Buddhadev Bhattacharya was sworn in as new Chief Minister on 6 November 2000.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /><ref name="rediff" />

===Sixth Left Front government===
{{multiple image
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| width = 220
| image1 = Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2006.jpg
| background color = #FFC6C4
| caption1 = '''[[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]]''' [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal, 2000–2011]]
}}

====2001 assembly election====
In the [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front won 199 out of 294 seats, having received 17,912,669 votes along with its RJD and JD(S) allies (49% of the votes in the state).<ref name="Chakrabarty 2014" /><ref name=s2001 /><ref name="People 4">''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/may20/may20_bengal%20results.htm Left Front Wins A Two-Thirds Majority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115071312/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/may20/may20_bengal%20results.htm |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref> For the first time since 1977 CPI(M) did not hold an absolute majority of its own in the assembly.<ref name="Frontline 2">''Frontline''. ''[http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1811/18111210.htm A spectacular show]''</ref>

CPI(M) had fielded 210 candidates, CPI 13, AIFB 34, RSP 23, RCPI 2, WBSP 4, DSP 2, MFB 1 and BBC 1.<ref name=s2001>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2001 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref><ref>''The Telegraph''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132028/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1010430/national.htm "DOC IN SEARCH OF WINNING PRESCRIPTION"]</ref> A 38-point Left Front election manifesto was presented in March 2001 at CPI(M) West Bengal headquarters, Muzaffar Bhavan, and was signed by Jyoti Basu (CPI(M)), Sailen Dasgupta (CPI(M)), [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]] (CPI(M), Anil Biswas (CPI(M)), Ashok Ghosh (AIFB), Debabrata Bandyopadhyay (RSP), Manjukumar Majumdar (CPI), Kiranmoy Nanda (SP), Prabodh Chandra Sinha (DSP), Mihir Byne (RCPI), Pratim Chatterjee (MFB) and Sunil Chaudhuri (BBC).<ref>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/march11/march11_bengal.htm Left Front Releases Election Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131942/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/march11/march11_bengal.htm |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref> A mass rally was held at [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Brigade Grounds]] on 25 March 2001 with participation from various Left Front leaders and with former Prime Minister [[V.P. Singh]] as special guest.<ref>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/april01/april1_bengal3.htm Massive Rally Reaffirms Popular Support For Left Front] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131944/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/april01/april1_bengal3.htm |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref>
CPI(M) won 142 seats, CPI 7, AIFB 25, RSP 17, WBSP 4, DSP 2 and BBC 1.<ref name=s2001 /><ref name="People 4" />

In 2 seats (Bara Bazar and Hirapur) the Left Front had supported candidates of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and in 2 seats (Chowringee and Rash Behari Avenue) the alliance had backed candidates from [[Janata Dal (Secular)]].<ref name=s2001 /><ref name="Frontline 2" /><ref name="The Telegraph 3">''The Telegraph''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20041022015939/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1010502/national.htm DATE WITH HISTORY & HISTORY-SHEETER]''</ref> No RJD nor JD(S) candidates were elected.<ref name=s2001 /> In Hirapur local CPI(M) cadres rebelled against the official RJD candidate and ran a dissident candidate of their own which finished in second place, ahead of the official Left Front-supported RJD candidate.<ref name=s2001 /><ref name="The Telegraph 3" />
The sixth Left Front government, with 48 ministers, was sworn in of 19 May 2001.<ref>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/may27/may27_bengal_ministers.htm Bengal Left Front Announces Cabinet Portfolios] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132053/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/may27/may27_bengal_ministers.htm |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref>

====2004 Lok Sabha election====
In the [[2004 Indian general election|2004 Lok Sabha election]], CPI(M) contested 32 seats, RSP 4 seats, CPI 3 seats and AIFB 3 seats.<ref name=e2004 /> CPI(M) won 26 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 3 seats and RSP 3 seats.<ref name=e2004>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2004 TO THE 14th LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)]''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal reached 18,766,404 votes (50.7% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e2004 />

===Seventh Left Front government===

====2006 assembly election====
{{Main|List of Members of Left Front Ministry in West Bengal in 2006}}
[[File:Marxists flags - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|250px|right|CPI(M) supporters during the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 election campaign]]]]In the [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front won 234 out of 294 seats and received 19,800,148 votes (including votes for allies, representing 50.2% of the statewide vote).<ref name="Chakrabarty 2014" /><ref name=s2006>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2006 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> The Left Front had contested 290 seats (210 CPI(M), 34 AIFB, 23 RSP, 13 CPI, 4 WBSP, 2 DSP, 2 MFB, 1 RCPI, 1 BBC).<ref name=s2006 /><ref name="People 3">''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2006/0226/02262006_bengal%20list.htm Bengal LF’s List Of Candidates Emphasises Both Youth And Experience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115071315/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2006/0226/02262006_bengal%20list.htm |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref><ref>''Ganashakti''. [http://ganashakti.com/bengali/news_details.php?newsid=6133 ১৯ জেলায় দুই প্রধান প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বী এবং নির্দল ও অন্যান্য দলের প্রার্থী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116021022/http://ganashakti.com/bengali/news_details.php?newsid=6133 |date=16 November 2016 }}</ref> In selecting candidates, the Left Front denied tickets to 64 incumbent legislators (52 from CPI(M), 8 from AIFB, 2 from WBSP, 1 from RSP, 1 from CPI), seeking to rejuvenate the list of candidates.<ref name="People 3" />

Out of the 234 seats won by the Left Front, 175 were won by CPI(M) candidates, 8 from CPI, 23 AIFB, 20 RSP, 4 WBSP, 2 MFB and 1 DSP.<ref name=s2006 /> Most of the incumbent ministers were re-elected, exceptions being [[Prabodh Chandra Sinha]] (Parliamentary Affairs, DSP) and [[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]] (Labour, CPI(M)).<ref name="Outlook">''Outlook''. ''[http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/left-front-storms-back-with-three-fourths-majority-in-wb/384044 Left Front storms back with three-fourths majority in WB]''</ref> The Left Front Chief Whip, [[Rabin Deb]], also lost his seat.<ref name="Outlook" />
[[File:Communist banners in West Bengal - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|250px|right|thumb| CPI(M) Flags during [[2009 Indian general election|2009 Lok Sabha election]] in West Bengal]]
In 4 seats the Left Front supported other parties, two each for the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the [[Nationalist Congress Party]].<ref name="People 3" /> One of the RJD candidates was elected.<ref name="Chakrabarty 2014" />

The Left Front significantly improved its performance in comparison to 2001 in the [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] and [[South 24 Parganas district]]s.<ref name="Outlook" /> Only in the [[Cooch Behar District]] did the Left Front suffer a reversal of fortunes.<ref name="Outlook" />
Following the 2006 election, [[Tata Motors]] announced that it would establish its [[Tata Nano]] car factory in [[Singur]].<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> A major [[Singur Tata Nano controversy|land dispute]] surged. Likewise, a [[Nandigram violence|land dispute]] issue surged over a planned chemical factory in [[Nandigram]].<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> These two conflicts put severe strains on the Left Front 2007–2008.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> On 8 September 2008 the Left Front and the opposition [[All India Trinamool Congress]] reached an agreement on Singur dispute but in the next month Tata Motors announced that it withdrew from West Bengal.<ref name="Hindustan Times" />

In 2008 the Left Front won an overwhelming majority of the seats in the [[Howrah]] Municipal Corporation; out of a total of 50 seats in the Municipal Corporation CPI(M) won 26, CPI 3, AIFB 2, RCPI 1 and 1 seat for [[Janata Dal (Secular)]].<ref name="The Telegraph 2">''The Telegraph''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150507190557/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131129/jsp/howrah/story_17622292.jsp Rout of the Left]''</ref>

====2009 Lok Sabha election====
The Left Front suffered a set-back in the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 Lok Sabha election]].<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> The CPI(M) contested 32 seats, CPI 3 seats, AIFB 3 seats, RSP 4 seats.<ref name=ec1>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/13_PerformanceOfStateParty.pdf 13 – PERFORMANCE OF STATE PARTIES]''</ref><ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf 25 – CONSTITUENCY WISE DETAILED RESULTS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |date=11 August 2014 }}''</ref> CPI(M) won 9 seats from West Bengal, CPI, AIFB and RSP two seats each.<ref name=ec1 /> The combined Left Front vote in West Bengal was 18,503,157 votes (43.3% of the votes cast in the state).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLII/STATE_PARTYWISESEATWONANDVOTES_LokSabha2009_24012014.pdf PARTY WISE SEATS WON AND VOTES POLLED (%), LOK SABHA 2009]''</ref>

===Left Front as main opposition (2011–2016)===
[[File:Dspmötekolkata.JPG|thumb|right|Meeting of [[Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)]] in [[Kolkata]]. Banner reads 'Bamfront', Bengali for 'Left Front'.]]

In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and the 34-year streak of continuous state government was broken.<ref name=s2011>Election Commission of India. [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf "Statistical Report on General Election, 2011 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal"]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/05/2011513143311330487.html |title=Defeat rocks India's elected communists |first=Subir |last=Bhaumik |date=13 May 2011 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>

CPI(M) had fielded 210 candidates, CPI 14, AIFB 34, RSP 23, SP 5, DSP 2, RCPI 2, MFB 2 and BBC 1.<ref name=s2011 /><ref name=cpim2016>Communist Party of India (Marxist). ''[http://cpim.org/content/west-bengal-list-candidates West Bengal – List of Candidates]''</ref> In one seat Left Front had supported a RJD candidate.<ref name=s2011 /><ref name=cpim2016 />

The combined strength of the Left Front in the newly elected assembly stood at 62; CPI(M) managed to win 40 seats, CPI 2, AIFB 11, RSP 7, SP 1 and DSP 1.<ref name=s2011 /> The vote of Left Front and its allies had been 19,555,844 (41%).<ref name=s2011 />

For the first time since 1977, MFB lost the Tarakeswar seat.<ref name="Anandabazar Patrika">''Anandabazar Patrika''. [http://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal/state-election-news/tmc-worried-about-party-mlas-weak-perfomance-1.351220 বিধায়কের দুর্বল পারফর্ম্যান্সেই চিন্তায় দল]</ref>

In 2013 the Left Front was routed in the elections to the Howrah Municipal Corporation, losing control over the town for the first time in three decades.<ref name="The Telegraph 2" /> CPI(M) managed to win solely two out of 50 wards, all other Left Front partners drew blank.<ref name="The Telegraph 2" /><ref>''Economic Times''. ''[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-25/news/44449850_1_trinamool-congress-cpi-tmc Trinamool Congress sweeps civic polls in West Bengal]{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}''</ref><ref name="NDTV">NDTV. ''[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-civic-polls-mamata-magic-continues-trinamool-wins-left-bastion-howrah-542303 West Bengal civic polls: Mamata magic continues, Trinamool wins Left bastion Howrah]''</ref> The incumbent CPI(M) mayor Mamta Jaiswal lost her seat.<ref name="NDTV" /> On the same day the Left Front lost also lost the local election in [[Jhargram]], winning 1 out of 17 seats.<ref name="NDTV" />

Ahead of the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha election]] the [[Samajwadi Party]] (with whom the WBSP had merged) parted ways with the Left Front.<ref name="Business Standard">''Business Standard''. ''[http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ahead-of-polls-left-front-suffers-coalition-blues-114030800182_1.html Ahead of polls, Left Front suffers coalition blues]''</ref> The Samajwadi Party led by [[Kiranmoy Nanda]] (for many years the Fisheries Minister in the Left Front cabinets) had demanded that the Left Front allocate Lok Sabha seats to the party, a request that CPI(M) had refused.<ref name="Business Standard" />

The Left Front fielded 32 CPI(M) candidates to the Lok Sabha, 4 RSP candidates, 3 CPI candidates and 3 AIFB candidates.<ref name="People 6">''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2014/0309_pd/03092014_ci2.html West Bengal Left Front Releases List of Candidates]''</ref> 26 out of the 42 candidates were new contestants.<ref name="People 6" /> Out of the 42 candidates, only 2 CPI(M) candidates were elected.<ref name=e2014>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/17%20-%20State%20wise%20seat%20won%20and%20valid%20votes%20polled%20by%20political%20party.pdf 17 – State Wise Seat Won & Valid Votes Polled by Political Parties]''</ref> The Left Front vote in West Bengal was 15,287,783 votes (29.9% of the votes cast in the state).<ref name=e2014 />

In October 2014 a broader platform of cooperation between West Bengal left parties emerged, encompassing the ten Left Front parties (CPI(M), CPI, AIFB, RSP, DSP, RCPI, MFB, BBC, [[Workers Party of India]], [[Bolshevik Party of India]]) as well as the [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]], the [[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]], the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|Party of Democratic Socialism]], the [[Communist Party of Bharat]] and the CRLI.<ref>''The Gulf Today''. ''[http://gulftoday.ae/portal/1ba67d51-4f1c-4046-8401-8b7d1933c612.aspx Left parties vow joint fight against ‘communalism’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115071904/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/1ba67d51-4f1c-4046-8401-8b7d1933c612.aspx |date=15 November 2016 }}''</ref><ref name="Communist Party of India 2">Communist Party of India (Marxist). ''[http://cpim.org/publicissues/bengal-lf-support-sept-2-strike Bengal LF Support to Sept. 2 Strike]''</ref><ref>''Indian Express''. ''[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/left-front-cpm-congress-alliance-biman-bose-2846356/ ‘Fading partners’: Left parties open debate ‘against’ Cong]''</ref><ref>Rajya Sabha TV. ''[http://rstv.nic.in/17-left-parties-meet-strengthen-unity-communalism.html 17 Left parties meet to strengthen unity against “communalism”]''</ref><ref name="Times of India">''Times of India''. ''[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/16-Left-parties-to-observe-December-6-as-communal-harmony-day-in-Bengal/articleshow/45168847.cms?from=mdr 16 Left parties to observe December 6 as communal harmony day in Bengal]''</ref><ref>DNA. ''[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cpim-general-secretary-prakash-karat-says-efforts-on-to-bring-left-forces-together-2026648 CPI(M) General Secretary Prakash Karat says efforts on to bring Left forces together]''</ref> In 2014 the 16 party alliance pledged to commemorate 6 December (the day of the destruction of [[Babri Masjid]]) as Communal Harmony Day.<ref name="Times of India" /> As of 2015 Samajwadi Party was again a Left Front member, expanding the alliance to 17 parties.<ref name="Communist Party of India 2" /> In July 2016 [[Janata Dal (United)]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] also joined the left parties in protests against price hikes.<ref>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://peoplesdemocracy.in/2016/0717_pd/massive-rally-against-price-rise Massive Rally against Price Rise]''</ref>

Ahead of the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] the Left Front presented a first list with 116 candidates on 7 March 2016.<ref name="People 5">''People's Democracy''. ''[http://peoplesdemocracy.in/2016/0313_pd/bengal-assembly-poll-left-front-releases-first-list-candidates Bengal Assembly Poll: Left Front Releases First List of Candidates]''</ref> The list included 69 new candidates, 16 women and 25 candidates from religious minorities.<ref>''Indian Express''. ''[http://indianexpress.com/article/elections-2016/india/india-news-india/bengal-polls-2016-biman-bose-left-fronts-first-list-has-116-candidates/ Bengal polls: Left Front’s first list has 116 candidates]''</ref> At the time the Left Front was engaged in building a broader front with parties like [[Janata Dal (United)]] and NCP against the Trinamool Congress government.<ref name="People 5" /> Moreover, an electoral understanding with the [[Indian National Congress]] was being sought.<ref name="People 5" /> A second list of 84 candidates was released on 10 March 2016, to the displeasure of INC leaders as 14 constituencies on the Left Front list were already being contested by INC.<ref name="Hindustan Times 2">''Hindustan Times''. ''[http://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/cpm-s-second-list-pits-its-candidates-against-cong-nominees-in-dozen-seats/story-5m2LScGjDLeCzO16deEUPK.html CPM’s 2nd list pits its candidates against Cong nominees in dozen seats]''</ref><ref>''The Hindu''. ''[http://www.thehindu.com/elections/westbengal2016/lefts-second-list-leaves-congress-fuming/article8338440.ece Left’s second list leaves Congress fuming]''</ref> The second list included 52 new candidates, 9 women and 20 Muslims.<ref name="Hindustan Times 2" /> Apart from the 84 Left Front candidates, two candidates each from JD(U) and RJD were announced.<ref name="Hindustan Times 2" /><ref>''Asian Age''. ''[http://www.asianage.com/india/left-s-second-list-west-bengal-out-291 Left’s second list for West Bengal out]''</ref> Dialogue between Left Front and INC continued after the release of the Left Front second list.<ref>NDTV. ''[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-polls-congress-cpi-m-hopeful-of-solving-seat-sharing-issues-1286107 West Bengal Polls: Congress, CPI-M Hopeful Of Solving Seat Sharing Issues]''</ref>

Ahead of the 2016 election Nanda and his SP again resigned from the Left Front, citing opposition to the electoral tie-up with the Indian National Congress.<ref>''The Telegraph''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131909/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1161106/jsp/7days/story_117635.jsp 'Akhilesh can't stand Amar Singh, for his ways and for his interference']''</ref>

After a period of dispute between CPI(M) and INC over the Tarakeswar seat, it was agreed that NCP would field a candidate there.<ref name="Anandabazar Patrika" /> MFB continued to contest the Jamapur seat, however.<ref>''Ganashakti''. [http://ganashakti.com/bengali/news_details.php?newsid=79911 জনস্রোতে ভেসে মনোনয়ন জমা দিলেন বাম, গণতান্ত্রিক ও ধর্মনিরপেক্ষ শক্তির ১৬প্রার্থী গণতান্ত্রিক ও ধর্মনিরপেক্ষ শক্তির ১৬প্রার্থী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080452/http://ganashakti.com/bengali/news_details.php?newsid=79911 |date=1 September 2018 }}</ref>

As per the Left-Congress electoral understanding, RCPI was requested to withdraw its candidate from the Hansan seat.<ref name="newkerala">newkerala.com. ''[http://www.newkerala.com/news/2016/fullnews-50350.html Bengal polls second phase crucial for Left-Congress combine (Curtain Raiser)]''</ref> The candidate did however contest anyway, against the wishes of the Left Front.<ref name="newkerala" /> He got 751 votes.<ref name=s2016 />

CPI(M) contested 147 seats, CPI 11, AIFB 25, RSP 19, DSP 2 and MFB 1.<ref name=s2016 /> In total the Left Front won 32 seats; CPI(M) won 25 seats, AIFB 2, RSP 3, CPI 1 and MFB 1.<ref name=s2016 /> The combined Left Front vote (excluding allies) was 14,216,327 (26% of the votes in the state).<ref name=s2016>Election Commission of India. [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/statistical_reportwestbangal.aspx "West Bangal General Legislative Election 2016"]</ref>

=== Decline from 2016 to 2021 ===
On 30 July 2017, DSP announced that it had broken its links with the Left Front.<ref>''Business Standard''. ''[http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/dsp-severs-ties-with-left-front-117073000485_1.html DSP severs ties with Left Front]''</ref>

CPI(M) party-supported canteen (Sramajibi Canteen) had given food packets to labourers and poor people in various parts of Kolkata at a subsidised rate during the lockdown and had continued even after that.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/politics/will-the-cpim-congress-alliance-in-west-bengal-work-this-time |title=Will the CPI(M)-Congress Alliance in West Bengal Work This Time? |website=The Wire}}</ref> Strategies were implemented to combat COVID-19 and the destruction caused by cyclone [[Cyclone Amphan|Amphan]] especially in the [[Sundarbans|Sunderbans]] on 20 May 2020 and its [[cadre (politics)|cadres]] and volunteers rushed in to help with basics like soap, food grains, cooked food and tarpaulin for people whose homes were destroyed.

In the months preceding the Assembly Elections, CPI(M) held rallies, conducted volunteer work and other activities in different parts of [[Purba Medinipur district|East]] and [[Paschim Medinipur district|West Midnapore]], in areas which had been difficult to access for them for over 10 years due to crude impeachment against the ''red jhanda'' by the [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]] and [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoists]] alike.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/politics/west-bengal-election-left-cpim-amphan-covid |title=Riding on Tireless Relief Work, the Left Charts a Return to Bengal's Radar |website=The Wire}}</ref>

In the preceding two years, after the reopening of all the party offices, the cadres were actively involved in various social welfare schemes with the participation of the youth in organising community kitchens, free ration and vegetable markets, safe housing, distribution of kits to students for studies and clothes to the underprivileged.

Among many social welfare initiatives, the Left had set up Rs. 50 health clinics and safe houses for the poor who cannot afford expensive medical care facilities amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the state. The CPI(M) had converted nearly 30 party offices into safe homes for poor people who did not have extra room at their dwellings for quarantining in case of COVID-19 infection.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/with-welfare-schemes-for-the-needy-during-covid-19-crisis-left-front-aims-at-comeback-in-2021-polls-2844789.html |title=With Welfare Schemes for the Needy During Covid-19 Crisis, Left Front Aims at Comeback in 2021 Polls |date=3 September 2020 |website=news18.com}}</ref>

=== Since 2021 ===

==== 2021 Assembly elections ====
On the eve of the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] Left Front had reiterated a political alliance with the [[Indian National Congress]] in order to uproot the [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool]] state government and oppose the advance of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] in West Bengal. The Left Front raised slogans for the creation of a Left democratic secular government. The [[Indian Secular Front]] led by the Furfura Sharif cleric [[Abbas Siddique]] also joined the [[Mahajot]] and had finalized its seat-sharing capacities with the alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/assembly-west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-indian-secular-front-other-small-secular-parties-to-join-bengal-alliance-congress-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-2371871 |title=Indian Secular Front, Other Parties To Join Bengal Alliance: Congress |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The new alliance had been termed as [[Sanjukta Morcha]] (translated in English: The United Front) [Bengali: সংযুক্ত মোর্চা]. The Left Parties contested in 175 seats, Congress in 92 and ISF in 37 seats.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/left-to-fight-165-bengal-seats-congress-92-isf-37/articleshow/81340342.cms |title=West Bengal Elections 2021: Left to fight 165 Bengal seats, Congress 92, ISF 37 |website=The Times of India |date=5 March 2021}}</ref> As per the decision, out of 175 seats, CPI(M) contested on 137 seats, AIFB on 18 seats, RSP on 11 seats, CPI on 10 seats and the MFB on 1 seat. The Left Front did not win any seats out of the 292 seats of which votes were counted on 2 May 2021. The alliance, "Sanjukta Morcha" had won 1 seat in total, the sole seat being won by Nawsad Siddique in Bhangar Constituency of West Bengal. That was the first time when, the West Bengal Legislative Assembly was devoid of any Left Front or INC MLA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2021 |title=The rise of BJP and fall of leftist and Congress in West Bengal |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/world/politics/rise-bjp-and-fall-leftist-and-congress-west-bengal-240853 |work=The Business Standard}}</ref> The runner ups of CPIM stood as follows:

* Md. Kamal Hossain in Bhagabangola
* Md. Rostafizur Rahaman in Domkal
* Saiful Islam Molla in Jalangi
* Dr. Sujan Chakraborty in Jadavpur

The CPI(M) had, for a long time been running the ''Sramajibi Canteens'' and the ''Red Volunteers'' programme and continued to do the same, even after bagging only 4.6% of the vote share. The Sramajibi Canteens and the Red Volunteers service continued operating through all the COVID-19 waves.

==== 2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation elections ====
The Left Front had contested in 128 seats and managed to secure 11.89% votes and 2 seats (CPI(M) and CPI each winning 1 seat in Ward 92 (Borough X) and Ward 103 (Borough XI) respectively) in the [[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|Kolkata Municipal Corporation election]]. The Left Front bagged a second position in 65 seats, more than any other party in the polls. Differentially, CPI(M) got 9.65%, CPI got 1.02%, RSP got 0.78% and AIFB got 0.44% of votes polled.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} Thus, in terms of vote-share, the Left Front emerged as the main opposition in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation.

==== 2022 municipal elections ====
During the civic body elections in February, the Left won an landslide victory in Taherpur municipality with an absolute majority. Taherpur got Uttam Ananda Das as the chairman by making the leftists win eight seats.

==Members==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|+ Left Front
! colspan="2" | '''Party'''
! '''Flag'''
! '''Ideology'''
! '''State Secretary'''
|-
| colspan="6" | '''National parties'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| '''[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]'''
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Communism]] [[Marxism–Leninism]]
| [[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]
|-
| colspan="6" | '''State parties'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| '''[[Communist Party of India]]'''
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[Communism]] [[Marxism–Leninism]]
| Swapan Banerjee
|-
| {{Party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
| '''[[All India Forward Bloc]]'''
| [[File:All India Forward Bloc flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Left-wing nationalism]] [[Socialism]] [[Anti-imperialism]]
| Naren Chatterjee
|-
| {{Party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
| '''[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]'''
| [[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Communism]] [[Anti-Stalinism]]
| [[Tapan Hore]]
|-
| colspan="6" | '''Unrecognized parties'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}
| '''[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]'''
| [[File:RCPI Flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[Communism]] [[Anti-Stalinism]]
| Subhash Roy
|-
| {{Party color cell|Marxist Forward Bloc}}
| '''[[Marxist Forward Bloc]]'''
|
| [[Left-wing nationalism]] [[Socialism]] [[Marxism]]
| Ashish Chakraborty
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bolshevik Party of India}}
| '''[[Bolshevik Party of India]]'''
|
| [[Communism]]
| Probir Ghosh
|-
| {{Party color cell|Workers Party of India}}
| '''[[Workers Party of India]]'''
|
| [[Socialism]]
| Shipra Chakraborty
|-
| {{Party color cell|Biplobi Bangla Congress}}
| '''[[Biplobi Bangla Congress]]'''
|
| [[Bengali nationalism]] [[Socialism]]
| (Not specified)
|}

==Chairmen==
[[Promode Dasgupta]] served as Left Front Committee chairman during the early years of the alliance.<ref name="India Today">''India Today''. ''[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800415-left-front-leaders-in-west-bengal-express-disappointment-over-gap-between-pledges-and-achievement-806594-2014-02-01 Pressure all round]''</ref> Dasgupta died in November 1982, after which Saroj Mukherjee became Left Front chairman.<ref>''India Today''. ''[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19851015-problem-of-old-age-troubles-cpim-with-increasing-retirements-of-ministers-802038-2014-01-12 Grey areas]''</ref> Mukherjee retained the post until his death in 1990.<ref name="India Today 3">''India Today''. ''[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19840331-coming-rajya-sabha-polls-prove-to-be-a-severe-test-for-west-bengal-political-parties-802915-1984-03-30 West Bengal: Seating scrap]''</ref><ref>''India Today''. ''[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19900315-with-the-death-of-saroj-mukherjee-growth-of-cpim-may-not-be-so-smooth-812400-1990-03-14 In transition]''</ref> [[Sailen Dasgupta]] served as chairman of the Left Front Committee from 1990 until his death in 2001.<ref>''Frontline''. ''[http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1815/18151220.htm A life dedicated to socialism]''</ref><ref>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2002/april28/04282002_17cong_condLres.htm 17th Congress Condolence Resolutions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217061910/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2002/april28/04282002_17cong_condLres.htm |date=17 February 2019 }}''</ref> As Dasgupta suffered ailments in the latter part of his life, Biman Bose held the position as Acting Chairman of the Left Front Committee from 1998 to 2001.<ref name="Frontline">''Frontline''. ''[http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1812/18120100.htm What is the Left Front?]''</ref> Bose took over as Chairman of the Left Front Committee after Dasgupta's death.<ref>''The Tribune''. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020310/nation.htm "Left Front Declares RS List"]</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" | No.
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" | Name
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" | Tenure
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" | Description
|-
! 1
| [[Promode Dasgupta]]
| 1977–1982
| Served as Secretary of West Bengal State Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] from 1964 to 1982.
|-
! 2
| [[Saroj Mukherjee]]
| 1982–1990
| Served as Secretary of West Bengal State Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] from 1982 to 1990.
|-
! 3
| Sailen Dasgupta
| 1990–1998
| Served as Secretary of West Bengal State Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] from 1990 to 1998.
|-
! 4
| [[Biman Bose]]
| 1998–''Incumbent''
| Served as Secretary of West Bengal State Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] from 2006 to 2015.
|}

==Chief Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chief ministers of West Bengal from Left Front
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" scope="col" | {{Abbr|No|Number}}{{efn|group=Chief ministers|A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" colspan="1" scope="col" | Portrait
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" scope="col" | Name
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Constituency
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" colspan="2" scope="col" | Tenure{{efn|group=Chief ministers|While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website, obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.}}
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" scope="col" | Duration
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" scope="col" | Assembly<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313055600/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/briinfopreass.htm Brief Information on Previous Assemblies]. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archive link from 12 March 2016.</ref> {{small|(election)}}
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
! rowspan="5" | 1
| rowspan="5" scope="row" | [[File:Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|frameless|99x99px]]
| rowspan="5" scope="row" style="height: 60px;" | [[Jyoti Basu]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Satgachhia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Satgachhia]]
| 21 June 1977
| 23 May 1982
! rowspan="5" | {{ayd|1977|6|21|2000|11|5}}
| 8th
([[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]])
| rowspan="8" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|-
| 24 May 1982
| 29 March 1987
| 9th
([[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982 election]])
|-
| 30 March 1987
| 18 June 1991
| 10th
([[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987 election]])
|-
| 19 June 1991
| 15 May 1996
| 11th
([[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991 election]])
|-
| 16 May 1996
| 5 November 2000
| rowspan="2" style="height: 80px;" | 12th
([[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]])
|-
! rowspan="3" | 2
| rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[File:Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2009.jpg|107x107px]]
| rowspan="3" scope="row" style="height: 60px;" | [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
| 6 November 2000
| 14 May 2001
! rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2000|11|6|2011|5|20}}
|-
| 15 May 2001
| 17 May 2006
| 13th
([[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001 election]])
|-
| 18 May 2006
| 20 May 2011
| 14th ([[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006 election]])
|- style="height: 60px;"
|}
{{Notelist |group=Chief ministers}}

==Electoral history==

=== In Loksabha elections ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Left Front election results in Loksabha election in West Bengal
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" | Year
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Legislature
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Total seats
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Seats won / contested
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white"|Change / in seats
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Votes
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |% of votes
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Notes
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| [[6th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 23
| 26
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{increase}} 23
| 5,049,077
| 33.4
| Left Front contested only 26 out of 42 seats.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| [[7th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 38
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{increase}} 15
| 11,086,354
| 52.7
| Includes 3 CPI candidates.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| [[8th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 26
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{decrease}} 12
| 12,296,816
| 47.6
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| [[9th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 37
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{increase}} 11
| 16,284,415
| 50.6
| Includes 1 JD candidate
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| [[10th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 37
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{steady}}
| 14,955,151
| 47.1
| Includes 2 JD candidates
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[11th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 37
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{steady}}
| 18,011,700
| 47.8
| Includes 1 JD candidate
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[12th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 33
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| 17,101,211
| 46.0
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| [[13th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 29
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| 16,494,424
| 46.1
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2004 Indian general election in West Bengal|2004]]
| [[14th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 35
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{increase}} 6
| 18,766,404
| 50.7
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2009 Indian general election in West Bengal|2009]]
| [[15th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 15
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{decrease}} 20
| 18,503,157
| 43.3
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2014 Indian general election in West Bengal|2014]]
| [[16th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 2
| 42
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{decrease}} 13
| 15,287,783
| 29.9
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019]]
| [[17th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 0
| 40
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{decrease}} 2
| 4,269,471
| 7.96
| Left Front only contested 40 seats.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal|2024]]
| [[18th Lok Sabha]]
| 42
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 0
| 30
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| {{steady}}
| 3,826,670
| 6.35
| Left Front only contested 30 seats
|}

=== In State Assembly elections ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Left Front election results in State Assembly elections in West Bengal
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Year
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Leader
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Votes
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |%
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Seats
! Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}};color:white" |Notes
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan=5 | [[Jyoti Basu]]
| 6,568,999
| 45.8
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 231
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
|
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| 11,869,003
| 52.7
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 238
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
|
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| 13,924,806
| 53.0
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 251
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
|
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| 15,090,595
| 48.7
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 245
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Includes 8 JD candidates
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 18,143,795
| 49.3
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 203
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Includes 5 JD candidates
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| rowspan=3 | [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]]
| 17,912,669
| 49.0
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 199
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Includes 2 RJD and 2 JD(S) candidates
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| 19,800,148
| 50.2
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 235
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Includes 2 RJD and 2 NCP candidates
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 19,555,844
| 41.0
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 62
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Includes 1 RJD candidate
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Surjya Kanta Mishra]]
| 14,216,327
| 26.0
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 32
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Left Front only contested 205 seats.
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 3,400,984
| 5.67
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 0
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Left Front only contested 177 seats.
|-
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]
| 2,818,360
| 4.45
| {{Infobox political party/seats
| 1
| 294
| hex = #ff0000
}}
| Left Front only contested 252 seats.
|}

== See also ==
* [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
* [[Left Front (Tripura)]]
* [[List of communist parties in India]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:1977 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Left-wing political party alliances]]
[[Category:Left-wing politics in India| ]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1977]]
[[Category:Political parties in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:United fronts|West Bengal]]

IndianPedia - User contributions [en]

Left Front West Bengal