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Ghoom film

2021-08-27T14:21:45Z

98.230.196.188:

{{Advert|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ghoom
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Ashish Patil
| producer = Sailesh Dave [[MTV]]
| based_on = [[Dhoom]] by [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]]
| writer = Ashish Patil Mahesh Ramchandani Rahul Patel Ashok Khanna [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
| starring = [[Sumeet Raghavan]] [[Gaurav Chopra]] Ajay Gehi [[Purbi Joshi]]
| narrator =
| music = Lovvkhush
| cinematography = Madhu Vanier
| editing = Vivek - Mayoor
| studio = {{ubl|Runaway Productions|[[MTV India|MTV Fully Faltoo Films]]}}
| distributor = [[Viacom 18]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|6|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/may/may227.htm|title=MTV India forays into films; spoofs 'Dhoom'|date=18 May 2006|accessdate=6 February 2019}}</ref>
| runtime = 60 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Ghoom''''' is an Indian [[parody]] [[comedy film]] directed by Ashish Patil and produced by Runaway Productions on 2 June 2006. The film is a spoof of 2004 film ''[[Dhoom]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/now-mtv-forays-into-fully-faltoo-films/story-CCCwkmMhqt0A5hVztBpDjL.html|title=Now, MTV forays into 'fully faltoo' films|date=May 22, 2006|accessdate=February 6, 2019}}</ref> The film stars [[Sumeet Raghavan]], Ajay Gehi, [[Purbi Joshi]] and [[Gaurav Chopra]].

==Synopsis==
Cops, robbers, big bikes and even bigger women – that's what ‘Ghoom’ is all about! The movie puts the whole [[Police officer|cops]]-and-[[robbers]] genre on the frying pan and serves it funny side up! It's about a super [[Police officer|cop]], who wants to nab a gang of five biker [[thieves]], who also double up as [[pizza delivery]] guys to hide their real identity. Being fast ones on fast machines, they always escape our super cop. So, bullying someone as fast as them into joining him seems the only option left for our super [[Police officer|cop]] if he wants to foil their next [[robbery]]. Enter the mechanic who turns out to be a bigger idiot than the [[Police officer|cop]]. The mega [[robbery]] that's supposed to happen at a well-known dance bar finally turns into a riot of idiotic incidents.

==Cast==
*[[Sumeet Raghavan]] as Inspector Vijay Dikshit
*[[Gaurav Chopra]] as Balbir
*Ajay Gehi as Neal
*Benika Deepak as Tweety Dikshit
*[[Purbi Joshi]] as Sun tanned, moon shined girl
*[[Feroz (actor)|Feroz]] as [[Amitabh Bachchan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/12894/index.htmllink Ghoom Bollywood hungama]

[[Category:2000s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2000s parody films]]
[[Category:Indian parody films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Amitabh Bachchan]]
[[Category:2006 comedy films]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Daya Prakash Sinha

2021-08-05T15:09:46Z

98.230.196.188:

{{orphan|date=June 2021}}

{{Short description|India Writer}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Daya Prakash Sinha
| image = Welcomming D.P.Sinha.jpg
| alt =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| period =
| influences =
| ethnicity =
| portaldisp =
| website =
| signature =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
| relatives =
| children =
| partner =
| spouse =
| subject =
| genre =
| alma_mater =
| education = Master's degree
| citizenship =
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Civil servent
* writer
* dramatist
* playwright
}}
| death_place =
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| birth_date =
| birth_name =
| pseudonym =
| influenced =
}}

'''Daya Prakash Sinha''', also known as '''D. P. Sinha''', is an Indian retired [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh's Padma winners: Some known faces, others not so well known|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/27/uttar-pradeshs-padma-winners-some-known-faces-others-not-so-well-known-2095169.html|access-date=2021-06-19|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> currently serving as the national convener for BJP Cultural Cell and vice-president of [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] (ICCR).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030919/cth2.htm|access-date=2021-06-19|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> He is also a director, writer, [[Playwright|dramatist]] and [[playwright]], known for his [[Hindi]] plays such as ''Samraat Ashok'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=दया प्रकाश सिन्हा के नाटक 'सम्राट अशोक' का लोकार्पण|url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/review/story/drama-samrat-ashok-written-by-daya-prakash-sinha-published-by-vani-prakashan-293594-2015-04-01|access-date=2021-06-19|website=आज तक|language=hi}}</ref> ''Seedhiyan,'' , ''Katha Ek Kans Ki'', ''Itihas Chakra'' and ''Rakt Abhishek''. He is a recipient of [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian award in the [[India|Republic of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-26|title=Full list of 2020 Padma awardees|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-2020-padma-awardees/article30656841.ece|access-date=2021-06-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His theatrical works have been published and staged for 50 years and translated into many languages.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=6-day theatre fest to pay tribute to Daya Prakash Sinha begins on Sunday|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/6-day-theatre-fest-to-pay---tribute-to-daya-prakash-sinha-begins-on-sunday.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
=== Civil service ===

Sinha was born in [[Allahabad]]. After earning a master's degree, he continued to study for government exams. He couldn't clear the [[Civil Services Examination (India)|UPSC]] examination and joined [[Provincial Civil Service]] in 1952. Where he was promoted to IAS for [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In 1993, he retired as a director of cultural affairs. During his 4-decade long tenure, he held many cultural positions and promoted performing arts in India.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=He’s a Bureaucrat, an Artist and a Padma Shree Awardee|url=https://indianmasterminds.com/features/be-inspired/hes-a-bureaucrat-an-artist-and-a-padma-shree-awardee/|access-date=2021-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> He also served as the chairman of [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], Uttar Pradesh from 1986 to 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-26|title=Welcome to STATE LALIT KALA AKADEMI, U.P.|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926003222/http://fineartakademiup.nic.in/struct.htm|access-date=2021-06-19|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

=== Theatrical literature ===

He developed an interest in theater from a young age. He started his performing arts career as an actor in a [[Laxminarayan Lal]]'s play, ''Taj Mahal ke aanso.'' Soon he debuted in playwriting and composed thirteen plays, including Mere Bhai Mere, Itihaas Chakra, Man Ke Bhanvar, Panchtantra, and Dushman, many of which were staged by theatrical directors.<ref name=":3" /> His first drama titled SanjhSavere was published in 1957. He married a theater artist in 1962 and continued writing and doing theater. His play Katha Ek Kans Ki was widely admired and also prescribed in the syllabuses of 5 universities of India, including [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]]''.''<ref name=":1" /> In 1978, he lost his wife.<ref name=":3" />

In 2019, his collection of plays was launched in three volumes under the title Natya-Samagra in the presence of Culture and Tourism Minister, [[Prahlad Singh Patel]] at the [[Sahitya Akademi|Sahitya Akademi Auditorium]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patrika|first=Samay|title=दया प्रकाश सिन्हा के नाटकों का संग्रह 'नाट्य-समग्र' का लोकार्पण|url=https://kitab.samaypatrika.com/2019/12/daya-prakash-sinha-vani-prakashan.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=kitab.samaypatrika}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* [[Padma Shri]] for his contributions in the field of Arts<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-27|title=Padma Awards 2020: Here is the full list of 141 recipients this year|url=https://www.apnlive.com/padma-awards-2020-here-is-the-full-list-of-141-recipients-this-year/|access-date=2021-06-19|website=APN News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-26|title=List of Padma Awards winners 2020|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-awards-and-honours-in-india-1484913262-1|access-date=2021-06-19|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kangana Ranaut, Ekta Kapoor, Karan Johar and Adnan Sami on list of Padma awardees this year - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kangana-ranaut-ekta-kapoor-karan-johar-and-adnan-sami-on-list-of-padma-awardees-this-year/articleshow/73633686.cms|access-date=2021-06-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref name=":2" />
* Lohia Sahitya Samman by the then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Behari Vajpayee]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=May 22|first=TNN /|last2=2003|last3=Ist|first3=01:46|title=PM exhorts people to patronise Hindi {{!}} Lucknow News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/pm-exhorts-people-to-patronise-hindi/articleshow/47107384.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel|Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Award]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=He’s a Bureaucrat, an Artist and a Padma Shree Awardee|url=https://indianmasterminds.com/features/be-inspired/hes-a-bureaucrat-an-artist-and-a-padma-shree-awardee/|access-date=2021-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Chaman Lal Memorial Award for Lifetime Achievement in theater<ref name=":2" />

== Selected books ==

* ''Saadar Aapka'' - {{isbn|978-9350725528}}
* ''Dusman Urf Sainya Magan Pahalwani Mein'' - {{isbn|978-9350723906}}
* ''Samrat Ashok'' - {{isbn|978-9350728734}}
* ''Hasya Ekanki'' - {{isbn|978-9350723913}}
* ''Itihas'' - {{isbn|978-9386799920}}
* ''Man Ke Bhanwar'' - {{isbn|978-9350728772}}
* ''Seeriyaa'' - {{isbn|978-8181437716}}
* ''Oh America!'' - {{isbn|978-8181433121}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.dpsinha-indiantheatre.com/bio Daya Prakash Sinha]

[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Biddu

2021-06-25T01:26:43Z

98.230.196.188:

{{about|the Indian-British music producer|the Palestinian village in the West Bank|Biddu, Jerusalem}}
{{Short description|Indian Composer}}
{{use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Biddu
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Biddu Appaiah
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1944}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore, Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| origin =
| instrument =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Soul music|Soul]]|[[disco]]|dance|{{no wrap|[[film score]]}}|[[funk]]|[[House music|house]]|pop|rock|[[World music|world]]}}
| occupation = Singer, songwriter, producer
| years_active = 1960s–present
| label =
| associated_acts = [[Carl Douglas]], [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]], [[Jimmy James (singer)|Jimmy James]], [[The Buggles]], [[Kelly Marie]], [[Claude François]], [[The Tigers (Japanese band)|The Tigers]], [[Akina Nakamori]], [[Nazia Hassan]], [[Zohaib Hassan]], [[Alisha Chinai]], [[Shweta Shetty]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sagarika]], [[Sonu Nigam]]
| website =
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}
'''Biddu Appaiah''' (born 1944)<ref name="shapiro_55"/> is a [[British Indians|British-Indian]] singer-songwriter, composer, and music producer – who composed and produced many worldwide hit records during a career spanning five decades.<ref name="mint_2010"/><ref name="metro_biddu">{{cite web|title=Biddu|author=James Ellis|publisher=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/interviews/412-biddu|website=Metro.co.uk|access-date=17 April 2011}}</ref> Considered one of the pioneers of [[disco]],<ref name="metro_biddu"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The Listener, Volumes 100–101|work=[[The Listener (magazine)|The Listener]]|publisher=BBC|year=1978|page=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tRBAQAAIAAJ|access-date=21 June 2011|quote=Tony Palmer knocked off a film account of someone called Biddu (LWT), who appears to have been mad enough to invent disco music.}}</ref> [[Euro disco]],<ref name="shapiro_55">{{cite book|title=Turn the Beat Around: The Secret History of Disco|first=Peter|last=Shapiro|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]]|year=2006|isbn=0-86547-952-6|page=55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG1jtWGU0S8C&pg=PA55|access-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> and [[Indian pop]],<ref name="mint_2010"/><ref name="gopal_moorti_99">{{cite book|title=Global Bollywood: travels of Hindi song and dance|author=Sangita Gopal & Sujata Moorti|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=2008|isbn=0-8166-4579-5|page=99|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19JBf6oDOy0C&pg=PA99|access-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> he has sold millions of records worldwide,<ref name="metro_biddu"/> and has received an [[Ivor Novello Award|Ivor Novello]] award for his work.<ref name="metro_biddu"/> He has been ranked at number 34 on ''[[NME]]'' 's "The 50 Greatest Producers Ever" list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/list/50-of-the-greatest-producers-ever/262849/page/2|title=34. Biddu|year=2012|work=[[NME]]|page=2|series=The 50 Greatest Producers Ever|access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref>

Biddu was born in [[Bangalore]], Karnataka, India. He began his music career in the 1960s, singing as part of a music band in India before moving to England where he would start his career as a producer.<ref name="shapiro_55"/> He eventually found some success producing a hit song for Japanese band [[The Tigers (Japanese band)|The Tigers]] in 1969,<ref name="times_2004"/> scoring the soundtrack for 1972 British film ''[[Embassy (film)|Embassy]]'',<ref name="jones_kantonen">{{cite book|title=Saturday night forever: the story of disco|author=Alan Jones & Jussi Kantonen|publisher=A Cappella Books|year=2000|isbn=1-55652-411-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ok0UAQAAIAAJ|access-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> and producing several early disco songs that would find a niche audience in [[British soul|British]] [[northern soul]] clubs during the early 1970s.<ref name="metro_biddu"/>

His international breakthrough came in 1974 with "[[Kung Fu Fighting]]" performed by [[Carl Douglas]]; the song became one of the [[List of best-selling singles|best-selling singles]] of all time with eleven million records sold, helped popularise disco music,<ref name="metro_biddu"/><ref name="times_2004"/> was the first worldwide disco hit from Britain<ref name="jones_kantonen"/> and Europe,<ref name="shapiro_55"/> and established Biddu as one of the most prolific [[dance music]] producers from outside the United States at the time.<ref name="metro_biddu"/> He soon began producing his own instrumental albums under the name Biddu Orchestra, which started an orchestral disco trend in Britain and Europe with 1975 hits "Summer of '42" and "Blue Eyed Soul";<ref name="shapiro_55"/><ref name="jones_kantonen"/> his solo albums eventually sold 40 million copies worldwide.<ref name="metro_biddu"/> He also launched the careers of other British disco stars such as [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]],<ref name="metro_biddu"/> helping her sell 36 million records within a few years,<ref>{{cite web|title=About|url=http://www.tinacharles.com/about.htm|publisher=Tina Charles official site|access-date=5 July 2011}}</ref> and [[Jimmy James (singer)|Jimmy James]];<ref name="jones_kantonen"/> scored soundtracks for several British films such as ''[[The Stud (film)|The Stud]]'' (1978);<ref name="shapiro_55"/> and produced a hit song for the French singer [[Claude François]].<ref name="discogs_biddu"/> Biddu also experimented with [[Electronic dance music|electronic disco]]<ref name="discogs_biddu"/> and [[Hi-NRG]] music<ref name="love_to_love"/><ref name="dance_little_lady"/> from the mid-1970s, and influenced British [[New wave music|new wave]] bands such as [[The Buggles]], founded by two of his former session musicians [[Trevor Horn]] and [[Geoff Downes]].<ref name="vh1"/><ref name="warner_155"/>

Following the decline of disco in the Western world, he later found success in Asia during the 1980s, where he launched the careers of the late [[Pakistani pop]] singer [[Nazia Hassan]] and her brother [[Zohaib Hassan|Zohaib]]; he produced their debut album ''[[Disco Deewane]]'', which charted in fourteen countries and became the best-selling Asian pop album up until that time,<ref name="gopal_moorti_99"/> and helped the duo eventually sell 60 million records worldwide.<ref name="timesofindia"/> During that decade, he also produced several hit [[Filmi|Bollywood soundtracks]] for films such as ''[[Qurbani (1980 film)|Qurbani]]'' (1980)<ref name="gopal_moorti_98-9">{{cite book|title=Global Bollywood: travels of Hindi song and dance|author=Sangita Gopal & Sujata Moorti|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=2008|isbn=0-8166-4579-5|pages=98–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19JBf6oDOy0C&pg=PA98|access-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> as well as several hit songs for [[J-pop|Japanese pop]] idol [[Akina Nakamori]]<ref name="radioandmusic"/><ref name="uta_net"/> and [[C-pop|Chinese pop]] singer [[Samantha Lam (singer)|Samantha Lam]] (林志美).<ref name="yahoo_hk"/> In the 1990s, he popularised [[Indian pop]] with the hit album ''Made in India'' (1995), which became the best-selling pop album in India and launched the career of [[Alisha Chinai]], after which he would launch the careers of several more Indian pop acts such as [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] and his sister [[Sagarika]] as well as [[Sonu Nigam]].<ref name="mint_2010"/><ref name="gopal_moorti_99"/> In the 2000s, Biddu has been active in the [[Western culture|Western]] and [[Music of India|Indian music]] scenes producing albums which are more [[Spiritual music|spiritual]] and [[Eastern music|Eastern-oriented]].<ref name="metro_biddu"/><ref name="times_2004"/> He rearranged a classical hit for [[Luke Kenny]]'s film, ''[[Rise of the Zombie]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/legendary-biddu-rearrange-classic-hit-luke-kennys-movie |title=Legendary Biddu to rearrange classic hit for Luke Kenny's movie | Editorial-News |website=Radioandmusic.com |date=14 January 2010 |access-date=3 May 2012}}</ref>

==Early years and career==
Biddu's family originally hailed from [[Kodagu]] in the [[Karnataka]] state of [[India]], but he was born and grew up in the city of [[Bangalore]], where he attended the [[Bishop Cotton Boys' School]].<ref name="shapiro_55"/> He carries the clan name of Chendrimada. In the 1960s, as a youth, he developed a liking for the then new pop and rock music, as he said in a media interview, listening to pop hits played on the shortwave radio band of [[Radio Ceylon]] of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), which was then popular throughout Asia. He learnt to play the guitar and in his late teens and early twenties he frequented the clubs and bars of [[Bangalore]], and soon started a music band called 'Trojans' with a few friends, including [[Ken Gnanakan]], who later went on to start an NGO called "ACTS". The band was India's first English-speaking band,<ref name="times_2004">{{cite web|date=20 August 2004|title=It's a big step from disco to Sanskrit chants, but Biddu has made it|author=Malika Browne|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article471655.ece|access-date=30 May 2011}}</ref> and found success playing cover versions of [[The Beatles]],<ref name="jones_kantonen"/> [[The Rolling Stones]],<ref name="gopal_moorti_99"/> [[Trini Lopez]] and hits of other Western stars of the day, in the clubs of [[Bangalore]] and also other Indian cities, such as [[Calcutta]] and [[Bombay]]. The band, however, split since [[Ken Gnanakan]] wanted to pursue higher studies, leaving Biddu alone as the sole member of the band. He played under the name 'Lone Trojan' and was popular as an act at a night club called "Venice" in [[Bombay]].

Biddu held an interest for bigger things in popular music, and in 1967 left for England. He traveled through the Middle East, earning money by singing catchy numbers and playing the guitar. Biddu arrived in England at the age of 23, a few months after leaving India. About his arrival in England, he said in an interview to the [[BBC]]: "I didn't really know too much about England or anything – I'd just come here on the chance of meeting the Beatles and doing some music. Everything that I did had this danceable flavour". Within a few months of his arrival, he had met The Beatles, but expressed disappointment that "Lennon was dressed so badly."

In England, he supported himself doing odd jobs and also working as a chef in the American Embassy. His attempts at becoming a singer in England were unsuccessful and, according to Biddu, "as an Indian in those days they were happier to hire me as an accountant than as a singer". He eventually gave up on his ambition to become a singer and instead decided to produce his own records rather than working for a record company.<ref name="mint_2010">{{cite web|date=4 February 2010|title=Pop of the charts: The man behind 'Disco Deewane' and 'Made in India' bares it all in an autobiography|author=Rachana Nakra|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/02/04222824/Pop-of-the-charts.html|access-date=30 May 2011}}</ref> He saved a few pounds before he decided to rent studio time and record several singles, none of which received any airplay from UK radio stations.<ref name="metro_biddu"/>

Biddu's first major success was in 1969, when he produced the song "[[Smile for Me (The Tigers song)|Smile for Me]]", performed by [[The Tigers (Japanese band)|The Tigers]], who were Japan's most famous band at the time, and written by the [[Barry Gibb|Barry]] and [[Maurice Gibb]] of the [[Bee Gees]]. Since the band did not speak English, Biddu had to show them how to sing the English lyrics [[Phonetics|phonetically]]. Following its release that year, the song topped the chart in Japan.<ref name="times_2004"/> His success abroad in Japan would later pave the way for his later success back in Britain.<ref name="mint_2010"/>

==Euro disco scene (1970s)==
During the early 1970s, Biddu produced several early disco songs that, despite receiving no airplay on radio, began gaining some underground success in UK [[northern soul]] clubs, in places like [[Wigan]] and [[Blackpool]], which were more receptive to Biddu's early disco sounds due to northern soul being a forerunner to disco.<ref name="metro_biddu"/> The Biddu sound incorporated "solid playing by a hard rhythm section and fast swirling Northern soul–style melodies" and resembled the disco sound that had appeared independently in New York at around the same time.<ref name="jones_kantonen"/>

In 1971, he wrote the title track for the [[Jack Wild]] album ''Everything's Coming Up Roses'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Jack-Wild-Everythings-Coming-Up-Roses/master/936022|title=Jack Wild – Everything's Coming Up Roses|website=[[Discogs]]|access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> which was released as a single backed with "Bring Yourself Back to Me", written by Don Gould and [[Lynsey De Paul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/record/bda241|title=Jack Wild – (Holy Moses!) Everything's Coming Up Roses|website=45cat.com|access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> The single earned positive reviews, with ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' awarding it Special Merit Spotlight status<ref>''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 3 July 1971</ref> and it reached number 107 on the ''Billboard'' Bubbling Under Chart.<ref>''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 28 August 1971</ref> In 1972, Biddu scored music for the UK spy thriller ''[[Embassy (film)|Embassy]]''. Around this time, he also started working with UK-based Jamaican-born musician [[Carl Douglas]] on a 45 (rpm record) single "I Want to Give You My Everything". While this song was intended for the [[A-side and B-side|A side]], they cut a song for the B side, "[[Kung Fu Fighting]]", in only 10 minutes. Later, at the insistence of A&R at [[Pye Records]], "Kung Fu Fighting" was put on the A-side. Soon after release in 1974, "Kung Fu Fighting" became a worldwide hit, ultimately selling eleven million copies worldwide.<ref name="metro_biddu"/> In 1974, it received a [[RIAA certification|Gold certification]],.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biddu Appaiah, Music Producer, Producer |url=https://lyricsdata.in/biddu-appaiah-music-producer-producer |website=LyricsData.in |date=2 February 2020}}</ref> Shortly after, Biddu also produced Carl Douglas' debut album ''Kung Fu Fighting and Other Great Love Songs'', which produced another major hit, "Dance The Kung Fu". He soon established himself as one of the key figures in [[British soul|Britain's soul]] and disco scenes during the 1970s, working with a variety of British soul and disco artists, including [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]], The Outriders, and [[Jimmy James (singer)|Jimmy James]].<ref name="dutton">{{cite web|title=Biddu: Futuristic Journey & Eastern Man|url=http://www.duttonvocalion.co.uk/products.asp?cat=379|publisher=[[Dutton Vocalion]]|access-date=8 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928162904/http://www.duttonvocalion.co.uk/products.asp?cat=379|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>

In 1975, Biddu recorded and released the instrumental LP, ''Blue Eyed Soul'', and the album's first single, "Summer of '42", climbed to No. 14 on the [[UK Singles Chart]], spending two months there and then had similar success in the US, topping the [[Dance Music/Club Play Singles]] chart and reached No. 57 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. Another single, "Jump for Joy", also topped the [[Hot Dance Club Songs|Dance Music/Club Play Singles]] chart in the US while reaching No. 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1976.<ref name="allmusic_biddu"/> In the [[Billboard Year-End]] chart, "Jump For Joy" was ranked No. 21 on the list.<ref>{{citation|title=Year End 1976|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=25 December 1976|volume=88|issue=52|issn=0006-2510|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT87|access-date=9 July 2011}}</ref> Also in 1975, he produced the album ''Can You Hear Me Ok?'' and single "I Got My Lady" for [[John Howard (singer-songwriter)|John Howard]].<ref>{{cite web|title=John Howard – Can You Hear Me Ok? CD|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/6846692/a/Can+You+Hear+Me+Ok%3F.htm|publisher=[[CD Universe]]|access-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> Around the same time, a friend introduced Biddu to [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]], a singer who had had some success singing lead vocals for the group [[5000 Volts]]. The first single they worked together, "You Set My Heart on Fire", clinched a recording deal with CBS. In 1976, the second single "[[I Love to Love (But My Baby Loves to Dance)]]" was a major hit worldwide. "I Love to Love" and the subsequent hit "Dance Little Lady Dance" sold millions of copies around the world, giving Tina Charles a worldwide audience and fame, launching her solo career and firmly establishing Biddu.

In 1976, Biddu produced his own ''Rain Forest'' LP, followed by ''Eastern Man'' in 1977, both credited to Biddu & His Orchestra. His album ''Rain Forest'' earned him four [[Ivor Novello Awards]],<ref name="metro_biddu"/> including the "Songwriter of the Year" award.<ref>{{citation|title=PRS/Novello Awards Shared By Intl Artists|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=28 May 1977|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68|access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref> Around this same time, he began experimenting with [[electronic music]] in some of his disco songs,<ref name="discogs_biddu"/><ref>{{Discogs artist|Biddu+Orchestra|Biddu Orchestra}}</ref> making use of [[electronic musical instrument]]s such as [[Electric keyboard|keyboards]] and synthesizers.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kvetko|first=Peter|title=Can the Indian Tune Go Global?|journal=[[TDR (journal)|TDR]]|year=2004|volume=48|issue=4|pages=183–191|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tdr/summary/v048/48.4kvetko.html|access-date=24 June 2011|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|issn=1531-4715}}</ref><ref name="cduniverse">{{cite web|title=Futuristic Journey And Eastern Man CD|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=7735242|publisher=[[CD Universe]]|access-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> Some of his early examples of [[Electronic dance music|electronic disco]] include the early [[Boogie (genre)|boogie]] 1976 single "Bionic Boogie" ;<ref name="bionic_boogie">{{Discogs release|2809569|Biddu Orchestra – Bionic Boogie}}</ref> the 1977 "Soul Coaxing" single;<ref name="soal_coaxing">{{Discogs release|874902|Biddu Orchestra – Soul Coaxing}}</ref> the ''Eastern Man'' and ''Futuristic Journey'' albums,<ref name="cduniverse"/><ref name="discogs_futuristic">{{Discogs master|109852|Biddu Orchestra – Futuristic Journey|type=album}}</ref> which were recorded from 1976 to 1977;<ref>{{allmusic|album|r1401917|Futuristic Journey and Eastern Man}}</ref> and the 1979 "Phantasm" single.<ref name="phantasm">{{Discogs release|1923348|Captain Zorro – Phantasm Theme}}</ref> He also began experimenting with high-tempo [[Hi-NRG]] disco music, with early examples including some of the songs in his 1976 Tina Charles albums ''I Love to Love'' and ''Dance Little Lady'',<ref name="love_to_love">{{allmusic|album|r32846|I Love to Love: Tina Charles}}</ref><ref name="dance_little_lady">{{allmusic|album|r32845|Dance Little Lady: Tina Charles}}</ref> as well as his disco singles such as "Voodoo Man" (1979) which had a [[tempo]] of 130 [[beats per minute]].<ref>{{Discogs release|621055|Biddu Orchestra – Voodoo Man}}</ref> His backing tracks also had a strong influence on the British [[New wave music|new wave]] band [[The Buggles]], founded by two of Biddu's former session musicians, [[Trevor Horn]] and [[Geoff Downes]], who are most famous for writing the hit song "[[Video Killed the Radio Star]]" in 1979.<ref name="vh1">{{cite web|last=Hanson|first=Amy|title=Tina Charles|url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/charles_tina/artist.jhtml|publisher=[[VH1]]|access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="warner_155">{{cite book|last=Warner|first=Timothy|title=Pop music: technology and creativity|year=2003|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|isbn=0-7546-3132-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWQ6xfA5hfQC&pg=PA155|access-date=21 June 2011|page=155}}</ref>

In 1977, he worked on the ''Life'' album for the veteran Jamaican-born soul singer [[Jimmy James (singer)|Jimmy James]], which put out two chart hits "[[I'll Go Where your Music Takes Me]]" and "Disco Fever". In early 1978, Biddu's own "Journey to the Moon" was a hit, peaking at No. 41 in the UK. That same year, he scored the music for the English film ''[[The Stud (film)|The Stud]]'', starring [[Joan Collins]];<ref>{{cite book|title=Turn the Beat Around: The Secret History of Disco|first=Peter|last=Shapiro|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]]|year=2006|isbn=0-86547-952-6|page=56|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG1jtWGU0S8C&pg=PA56|access-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> the film's soundtrack was successful on the [[UK Albums Chart]], where it reached No. 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/archive/official-albums-chart/|work=[[Official Charts Company]]|title=Week ending 27-05-1978|access-date=16 August 2011}}</ref> He also produced the soundtrack for its sequel, ''[[The Bitch (film)|The Bitch]]'', in 1979.<ref name="metro_biddu"/> During the late 1970s, Biddu also had a hit in France with [[Claude François]], for whom he produced the song "Laisse Une Chance A Notre Amour", a re-working of Jimmy James UK hit song, "[[Now Is the Time (Jimmy James song)|Now Is the Time]]".

Biddu worked with various musicians including some players from Manchester and Liverpool who had worked on sessions with Tina Charles until the late 1970s, after which disco music slowly began to wane as [[funk]], new wave and [[electronic music]] began taking centre-stage in Western popular music, taking with it Biddu's established place in the Western music scene, despite his early attempts at producing electronic [[synthpop]] music, such as his 1980 song "Small Talk" for Amy.<ref>{{Discogs release|1521754|Amy (19) – Small Talk}}</ref>

==Success in Asia (1980s)==
In the late 1970s, Western disco was getting popular in Asia and particularly in [[India]], where there were not yet any home-bred disco stars. It was this reason that led established [[Cinema of India|Indian filmmaker]] and actor [[Feroz Khan (actor, born 1939)|Feroz Khan]] to England and to Biddu, in 1979. Khan wanted to introduce a catchy song in his upcoming [[Bollywood|Hindi film]], ''[[Qurbani (1980 film)|Qurbani]]'', in which the main score of the film was the Indian music duo, [[Kalyanji Anandji]]. Biddu initially was not interested in composing a Hindi film song, but later took it up as he would say years later, "I thought it would keep my mum happy (back home in India)". About the same time Khan happened to come across 15-year-old [[Nazia Hassan]] at a party in London. Khan later requested Hassan have an audition with Biddu. Biddu later signed her up for the song he was composing for ''Qurbani''.<ref name="gopal_moorti_98-9"/>

It did not take a long time for Biddu to compose "[[Aap Jaisa Koi]]" for ''Qurbani''.<ref name="gopal_moorti_98-9"/> The tune and composition he used for "Aap Jaisa Koi" was similar to several of his earlier songs, particularly the 1976 [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]] hit "Dance Little Lady Dance". As the girl, [[Nazia Hassan]], had a [[nasal voice]], Biddu decided to backtrack it for an [[Echo (phenomenon)|echo]] effect. The song which was recorded in London, was the first Hindi song to be recorded on 24 tracks. In 1980, ''Qurbani'' ran to packed houses in India, largely on the weight of "Aap Jaisa Koi" and another number "Laila O Laila". Nazia Hassan became a teenage sensation. "Aap Jaisa Koi" was a hit across the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="gopal_moorti_98-9"/>

Riding on the popularity of the song and the film, Biddu decided to sign Nazia Hassan and her brother Zoheb Hassan up for an Urdu pop album, something hitherto not tried in India. Biddu modeled them on the then-popular American brother-sister duo, [[The Carpenters]]. Biddu composed a few catchy numbers for Nazia and Zoheb for the album ''[[Disco Deewane]]''. In 1981, the album was a hit across Asia, South Africa, and some countries in South America (particularly Brazil where it topped the chart), charting in 14 countries. The album became the best-selling [[Music of Asia|Asian pop]] album up until that time.<ref name="gopal_moorti_99"/> The 15-year-old teenage [[Pakistani pop music|Pakistani singer]] Nazia Hassan became a household name across South Asia. ''Disco Deewane'' was followed by the production of three more heavy hitters with Nazia and Zohaib; ''[[Star/Boom Boom]]'' in 1982 (the number "Boom Boom" from the album and film ''[[Star (1982 film)|Star]]'' was a hit), then the album ''[[Young Tarang]] 1984'' two years later, before winding up again with the duo in 1987 with ''[[Hotline (Nazia and Zohaib Hassan album)|Hotline]]''. The duo went on to sell 60 million records worldwide.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news|title=NRI TV presenter gets Nazia Hassan Award|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-11-18/indians-abroad/27850544_1_presenter-awards-indian-high-commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308235816/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-11-18/indians-abroad/27850544_1_presenter-awards-indian-high-commission|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 March 2011|author=PTI|date=18 November 2005}}</ref>

Beyond Southern Asia, he also had some success in another part of Asia, the Far East. After having previously had a chart-topping hit in Japan with [[The Tigers (Japanese band)|The Tigers]] in 1969,<ref name="times_2004"/> he returned there to work with the popular [[Japanese idol]] and [[J-pop]] singer [[Akina Nakamori]], for whom he produced "Don't Tell Me This is Love" in 1985.<ref name="my_best_thanks">{{cite web|title=My Best Thanks|url=http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~akina/discography/al_012.html|publisher=Akina Nakamori Fun Site|access-date=26 June 2011}}</ref> It was included in her 1985 album ''My Best Thanks'', which topped the Japanese chart and sold around 300,000 copies.<ref name="my_best_thanks"/> He produced several more hit songs for Akina Nakamori, including the 1987 songs "The Look That Kills" and "[[:ja:BLONDE (中森明菜の曲)|BLONDE]]",<ref name="uta_net">{{cite web|title=中森明菜の歌詞一覧リスト|url=http://www.uta-net.com/artist/3292/12/|work=Uta-Net.com|access-date=26 June 2011}} ([https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.uta-net.com/artist/3292/12/ Translation]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Akina|url=http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~akina/discography/al_029.html|publisher=Akina Nakamori Fun Site|access-date=26 June 2011}}</ref> which became chart-topping hits in Japan.<ref name="radioandmusic">{{cite web|last=Sutar|first=Chirag|title=J D Rock Awards '10 to honour Biddu with Lifetime Achievement award|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/j-d-rock-awards-10-honour-biddu-with-lifetime-achievement-award|work=Radioandmusic.com|access-date=27 June 2011|date=2 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110606154947/http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/j-d-rock-awards-10-honour-biddu-with-lifetime-achievement-award| archive-date= 6 June 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> "BLONDE" in particular sold over 300,000 copies in Japan that year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Single, 1982 – 1991|url=http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~akina/discography.html|publisher=Akina Nakamori Fun Site|access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> He also worked in Hong Kong, where he produced and composed the song "傷心戲院" ("Sad Theater") for [[C-pop]] singer [[Samantha Lam (singer)|Samantha Lam]] in 1988.<ref name="yahoo_hk">{{cite web|title=傷心戲院 |url=http://hk.music.yahoo.com/album-song.html?songid=4250 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |access-date=26 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313110232/http://hk.music.yahoo.com/album-song.html?songid=4250 |archive-date=13 March 2012}} ([https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-TW&u=http://hk.music.yahoo.com/album-song.html?songid=4250 Translation]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> In the [[Philippines]], the song "Chic-Chica-Chic-Chica-Chic" from his hit 1976 album ''Rainforest'' was used as the main theme of the popular 1980s sitcom ''[[Chicks to Chicks]]''. In the late 1980s, he returned to the UK music scene with [[house music]] records such as "Humanity" (1989).<ref>{{cite web|title=Biddu Orchestra – Humanity|url=http://www.discogs.com/Biddu-Orchestra-Humanity/release/641726|publisher=[[Discogs]]|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>

==Indian pop scene (1990s)==
Having spent nearly a decade with the Nazia-Zohaib pair, Biddu next turned his attention to Hindi vocalist [[Shweta Shetty]], both writing and producing the ''Johnny Joker'' album in 1993. Then in 1995, came another album, composed and produced by Biddu. ''Made in India'' – a dance album for the Hindi pop/film playback singer [[Alisha Chinai]]. The album became the best selling Hindi dance album and featured a handful of Western styled videos – a selling point for India's newly launched MTV channel. It topped the Indian chart, where it remained for over a year, and sold over five million copies in India.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jeffries|first=Stan|title=Encyclopedia of world pop music, 1980–2001|year=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=0-313-31547-7|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000jeff|url-access=registration|access-date=24 June 2011|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000jeff/page/35 35]}}</ref>

In 1996, Biddu made a brother-sister duo popular again with [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] (Shantanu Mukherjee) and [[Sagarika]] Mukherjee, producing the ''Naujawan'' album. Biddu spent the rest of the 1990s working with a variety of musicians, including the Indian girl-group The Models, and [[Sonu Nigam]], as well as continuing his collaboration with [[Alisha Chinai]] on her ''Dil Ki Rani'' album. Into the new millennium, he produced two hit albums with Sansara, ''Yeh Dil Sun Raha Hai'' and ''Habibi''.

His own 1999 album, ''Eastern Journey'', was an experiment which blended Indian pop with Western flair and strong, jazz elements.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

Biddu also worked with [[Junaid Jamshed]]. Both of them worked in London and produced an album under the composition and lyrics of Shoib Mansoor Sahab.

==Experiments in fusion (2000s)==
In 2004, Biddu re-emerged with the album ''Diamond Sutra''.

Biddu now lives in Spain with his English wife of 39 years, Sue, and two grown-up children. He started a publishing house called SueBiddu Music, which administers music for artists, wrote an autobiography called ''Made in India'' at the insistence of his wife, and has returned to live performances as a singer.<ref name="mint_2010"/> In 2010, Biddu won an "Outstanding Achievement" award at the [[UK Asian Music Awards]] (UK AMAs),<ref name="bb_ama">{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/events/ama2010/winners/
|title=BBC – Asian Network – BBC Asian Network AMA 2010 – Winners |work=bbc.co.uk |access-date=24 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807171609/http://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/events/ama2010/winners/| archive-date= 7 August 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> and he was also awarded the "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the JD Rock Awards in India that same year.<ref name="radioandmusic"/>

==Discography==
The following is a selected [[discography]] of albums, singles and soundtracks he has produced or composed.<ref name="discogs_biddu">{{Discogs artist|Biddu}}</ref><ref name="allmusic_biddu">{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p144880|access-date=30 May 2011}}</ref>
Biddu has also given music for [[Junaid Jamshed]].
{| style="width:100%;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| width="33%" |
===Producer and writer===

====Albums====
* [[Carl Douglas]] – ''[[Kung Fu Fighting]] and Other Great Love Songs'' (1974)
* [[Jimmy James (singer)|Jimmy James]] – ''You Don't Stand a Chance if You Can't Dance'' (1975)
* [[John Howard (singer-songwriter)|John Howard]] – ''Can You Hear Me OK?'' (1975, unreleased; 2005)
* [[Lee Vanderbilt]] -– ''Get into What You're In'' (1977)
* [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]] – ''I Love to Love'' (1976)
* Jimmy James – ''Life'' (1977)
* Tina Charles – ''Rendezvous'' (1977)
* Tina Charles – ''Greatest Hits'' (1978)
* [[Kelly Marie]] – ''Feels Like I'm in Love'' (1981)
* [[Nazia Hassan]] – ''[[Disco Deewane]]'' (1981)
* Nazia Hassan & [[Zohaib Hassan]] – ''[[Star/Boom Boom]]'' (1982)
* Nazia Hassan & Zohaib Hassan – ''[[Young Tarang]]'' (1984)
* Nazia Hassan & Zohaib Hassan – ''[[Hotline (Nazia and Zohaib Hassan album)|Hotline]]'' (1987)
* [[Alisha Chinai]] – ''Made in India'' (1995)
* [[Junaid Jamshed]] -''Naam'' (1995)
* [[The Pearls]] – ''A String of Pearls'' (2005)
* [[Sophie Choudry]] – ''Le Mera Dil'' (2008)

====Singles====
* [[The Tigers (Japanese band)|The Tigers]] – "Smile for Me" (1969)
* [[The Showstoppers]] – "Action Speaks Louder Than Words" (1971)
* Carl Douglas – "Ain't No Use" (1972)
* Jimmy James – "A Man Like Me" (1972)
* [[The Flirtations (R&B musical group)|The Flirtations]] – "Love A Little Longer" (1972)
* [[Mac and Katie Kissoon]] – "Beautiful World Out There" (1973)
* [[The Black Knights (band)|The Black Knights]] – "Billy Gunn" (1973)
* The Playthings – "Stop What You're Doing" (1973)
* Carl Douglas – "[[Kung Fu Fighting]]" (1974)
* The Pearls – "Doctor Love" (1974)
* The Playthings – "Surrounded by a Ray of Sunshine" (1974)
* Tina Charles – "One Broken Heart For Sale" (1974)
* Carl Douglas – "Blue Eyed Soul" (1975)
* Jimmy James – "You Don't Stand a Chance (If You Can't Dance)" (1975)
* John Howard – "I Got My Lady" (1975)
* Tina Charles – "You Set My Heart on Fire" (1975)
* Biddu – "[[A Groovy Kind of Love|Groovy Kind of Love]]" (1976)
* Jimmy James – "[[Now Is the Time (Jimmy James song)|Now Is the Time]]" (1976)
* Tina Charles – "Dance Little Lady Dance" (1976)
* Tina Charles – "[[I Love to Love (But My Baby Loves to Dance)]]" (1976)
* Tina Charles – "Love Me Like A Lover" (1976)
* [[Claude François]] – "Laisse Une Chance A Notre Amour" (1977)
* [[The Real Thing (soul group)|The Real Thing]] – "Let's Go Disco" (1978)
* Captain Zorro – "Phantasm" (1979)
* Amy – "Small Talk" (1980)
* [[Akina Nakamori]] – "Don't Tell Me This is Love" (1985)
* [[Agnes Chiang]] (蔣麗萍) – "No. 55" (1985)
* Akina Nakamori – "The Look That Kills" (1987)
* Akina Nakamori – "Blonde" (1987)
* [[Samantha Lam (singer)|Samantha Lam]] – "傷心戲院" ("Sad Theater") (1988)
* Caron – "You'll Always Have A Friend" (1992)
* Nazia Hassan – "Boom Boom: The Biddu Experience '95" (1995)
* [[Bus Stop (band)|Bus Stop]] – "Kung Fu Fighting" (1998)
* [[Brighouse and Rastrick Brass Band]] – "[[I'll Go Where Your Music Takes Me]]" (1999)
| width="33%" |

===Biddu Orchestra===
====Albums====
* ''Blue Eyed Soul'' (1975)
* ''Rain Forest'' (1976)
* ''Funky Tropical'' (1977)
* ''Journey to the Moon'' (1977)
* ''Soul Coaxing / Nirvana'' (1977)
* ''Journey to the Moon / Journey in the Rain'' (1977)
* ''Eastern Man'' (1977)
* ''The Best of Biddu'' (1978)
* ''Disco Gold'' (1978)
* ''Futuristic Journey'' (1978)
* ''Dance of Shiva'' (1985)
* ''Diamond Sutra'' (2004)

====Singles====
* "[[Summer of '42#Music|Theme from Summer of '42]]" (1975)
Released on the Epic label (EPC3318)
Composer: M. Legrand
Produced by Biddu for Subiddu Music and Productions Ltd.
"B" side: "Northern Dancer"
Composer: Biddu-[[Gerry Shury]]-McDonald-Rae
* "Jump for Joy" (1975)
* "Rain Forest" (1976)
Released on the Epic label (EPC4084)
Composer: Biddu
Produced by Biddu for Subiddu Music Ltd.
"B" side: "Exodus"
Composer: E. Gold
* "Bionic Boogie" (1976)
* "[[Soul Coaxing]]" (1977)
* "Voodoo Man" (1979)
| width="33%" |

===Movie soundtracks===
* ''[[Embassy (film)|Embassy]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Stud (film)|The Stud]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Bitch (film)|The Bitch]]'' (1979)
* ''Flat Bust'' (1979)
* ''[[Qurbani (1980 film)|Qurbani]]'' (soundtrack released 1979, film released 1980)
* ''[[Star (1982 film)|Star]]'' (1982)
* ''Goonj'' (1989)
* ''Maut Ki Sazaa'' (1991)
* ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Rise of the Zombie]]'' (2013)
| width="33%" |
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070521033639/http://www.mtvindia.com/mtv/music/features/biddumade/nazia.php3 MTV india]
* [{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p144880/biography|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic biography]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biddu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British record producers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Bangalore]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton Boys' School alumni]]
[[Category:English-language singers from India]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Award winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]

Commander-in-Chief India

2021-01-20T17:45:00Z

98.230.196.188:

{{short description|Supreme commander of the British Indian Army}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox official post
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| imagesize =
| alt =
| imagecaption = '''Longest serving [[General (United Kingdom)|GEN]] [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Earl of Moira]]''' October 1813 – January 1823
| department = [[British Indian Army]]
| style =
| type =
| status = Senior-most [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] of the [[British Indian Army]]
| abbreviation =
| member_of =
| reports_to = [[Governor-General of India]]
| residence =
| seat = [[GHQ India]]
| nominator =
| appointer =
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength = No fixed term
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| formation = January 1748
| first = [[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major general]] [[Stringer Lawrence]]
| last = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|FM]] [[Claude Auchinleck|Sir Claude Auchinleck]]
| abolished = 15 August 1947
| succession = [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Commanders-in-Chief of the Indian Army]] and [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army|Pakistan Army]]
| unofficial_names = Commander-in-Chief ''in'' or ''of'' India
| deputy =
| salary =
| website =
}}

During the period of the [[Company rule in India]] and the [[British Raj]], the '''[[Commander-in-Chief]], [[British India|India]]''' (often "Commander-in-Chief ''in'' or ''of'' India") was the supreme commander of the [[British Indian Army]]. The Commander-in-Chief and most of his staff were based at [[GHQ India]], and liaised with the civilian [[Governor-General of India]]. Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the creation of the independent dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]], the post was abolished. It was briefly replaced by the position of Supreme Commander of India and Pakistan before the role was abolished in November 1948.<ref>Warner (1982), p. 269</ref> Subsequently, the role of Commander-in-Chief was merged into the offices of the Commanders-in-Chief of the independent Indian Army and Pakistan Army, respectively, before becoming part of the office of the [[President of India]] from 1950 and of the [[President of Pakistan]] from 1956.

Prior to independence, the official residence was the '''Flagstaff House''', which later became the residence of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru|first Prime Minister of India]]; as [[Teen Murti Bhavan]] (Teen Murti House), it is now a museum.

This is a list of people who were the military '''Commander-in-Chief, India''' until 1947. The rank and title are the final ones for the officer's career and not necessarily applicable to his tenure as Commander-in-Chief, India.

==List of Commanders-in-Chief==
Commanders-in-Chief have been:<ref>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Personnel/Chiefs/236-Pre47-Cincs.html Commanders-in-Chief] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219003238/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Personnel/Chiefs/236-Pre47-Cincs.html |date=2012-02-19 }} Land Forces</ref><ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=July 5, 2015 }}</ref>

† denotes people who died in office.

===Commanders-in-Chief of India, 1748–1801===

{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| image_title = Portrait
| officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief
| showtermlenght = y
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
| showaltofficeholder = y
| alt_officeholder_title = Notes
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = StringerLawrenceByGainsborough.jpg
| military_rank = [[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major general]]
| officeholder = [[Stringer Lawrence]]
| officeholder_sort = Lawrence, Stringer
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1697
| died_year = 1775
| term_start = January 1748
| term_end = 1754
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1748|1754}} years
| alt_officeholder = Foiled plans of [[Joseph François Dupleix]] to conquer southern India for France. Reorganized the [[Madras Army]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Johnaldercron.jpg
| military_rank = [[Lieutenant general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant general]]
| officeholder = [[John Adlercron]]
| officeholder_sort = Adlercron, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1691
| died_year = 1766
| term_start = January 1748
| term_end = 1754
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1754|1754}} years
| alt_officeholder =
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive by Nathaniel Dance, (later Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, Bt).jpg
| military_rank = Major general
| officeholder = [[Robert Clive]]
| officeholder_sort = Clive, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1725
| died_year = 1774
| term_start = December 1756
| term_end = February 1760
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1756|12|01|1760|02|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Established the military supremacy of the [[East India Company]] in southern [[India]] and [[Bengal]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image =
| military_rank = [[Brigadier general (United Kingdom)|Brigadier general]]
| officeholder = [[John Caillaud]]
| officeholder_sort = Caillaud, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1726
| died_year = 1812
| term_start = February 1760
| term_end = December 1760
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1760|02|01|1760|12|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Active in southern India against the French until 1759 when he was dispatched to Bengal.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 5
| image =
| military_rank = Brigadier general
| officeholder = [[John Carnac]]
| officeholder_sort = Carnac, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1716
| died_year = 1800
| term_start = December 1760
| term_end = April 1761
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1760|12|01|1761|04|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Defeated the [[Mughal emperor]] near [[Bihar]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 6
| image = Eyre Coote.jpg
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]]
| officeholder_sort = Coote, Eyre
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1726
| died_year = 1783
| term_start = April 1761
| term_end = 1763
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1761|1763}} years
| alt_officeholder = Captained the [[39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot|39th Regiment]], the first British regiment sent to India.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 7
| image =
| military_rank = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| officeholder = [[Thomas Adams (British Army officer)|Thomas Adams]]
| officeholder_sort = Adams, Thomas
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1730
| died_year = 1764
| term_start = 1763
| term_end = January 1764
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1763|1764}} years
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (5)
| image =
| military_rank = Brigadier general
| officeholder = [[John Carnac]]
| officeholder_sort = Carnac, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1716
| died_year = 1800
| term_start = January 1764
| term_end = July 1764
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1764|01|01|1764|07|01}}
| alt_officeholder = 2nd time appointment as Commander-in-Chief. Promoted to brigadier general during this time.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 8
| image = Sir Hector Munro by David Martin.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Hector Munro, 8th laird of Novar|Sir Hector Munro]]
| officeholder_sort = Munro, Hector
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1726
| died_year = 1805
| term_start = July 1764
| term_end = January 1765
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1764|07|01|1765|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Suppressed [[sepoy]] mutiny at [[Patna]]. Won the victories of [[Buxar]] against [[Shuja-ud-Daula]], the [[Nawab of Awadh]], and [[Mir Qasim]], which ranks amongst the most decisive battles ever fought in [[India]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (5)
| image =
| military_rank = Brigadier general
| officeholder = [[John Carnac]]
| officeholder_sort = Carnac, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1716
| died_year = 1800
| term_start = January 1765
| term_end = May 1765
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1765|01|01|1765|05|01}}
| alt_officeholder = 3rd appointment as Commander-in-Chief. Defeated the [[Maratha Empire]] in the Doab.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (3)
| image = Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive by Nathaniel Dance, (later Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, Bt).jpg
| military_rank = Major general
| officeholder = [[Robert Clive]]
| officeholder_sort = Clive, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1725
| died_year = 1774
| term_start = May 1765
| term_end = January 1767
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1765|05|01|1767|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = 2nd time appointment as Commander-in-Chief.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 9
| image =
| military_rank = Brigadier general
| officeholder = [[Richard Smith (East India Company officer)|Richard Smith]]
| officeholder_sort = Smith, Richard
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1734
| died_year = 1803
| term_start = January 1767
| term_end = March 1770
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1767|01|01|1770|03|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Exerted considerable influence in the East India Company, and was a prominent creditor of the Nawab of Arcot.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 10
| image =
| military_rank = Brigadier general
| officeholder = [[Sir Robert Barker, 1st Baronet|Sir Robert Barker]]
| officeholder_sort = Barker, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1732
| died_year = 1789
| term_start = March 1770
| term_end = December 1773
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1770|03|01|1773|12|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Signed a treaty with the [[Rohilla]]s against the [[Maratha Empire]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 11
| image =
| military_rank = [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]
| officeholder = [[Charles Chapman (British Army officer)|Charles Chapman]]
| officeholder_sort = Chapman, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1716
| died_year = 1795
| term_start = December 1773
| term_end = January 1774
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1773|12|01|1774|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Civil servant]] of the East India Company who studied tribal ethnicities and cultures, and reported his findings to the Bengal Government.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 12
| image =
| military_rank = Brigadier general
| officeholder = [[Alexander Champion (East India Company officer)|Alexander Champion]]
| officeholder_sort = Champion, Alexander
| officeholder_note =
| born_year =
| died_year = 1793
| term_start = January 1774
| term_end = November 1774
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1774|01|01|1774|11|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 13
| image =
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[John Clavering (British Army officer)|John Clavering]]
| officeholder_sort = Clavering, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1722
| died_year = 1777
| died = y
| term_start = November 1774
| term_end = 30 August 1777
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1774|11|01|1777|08|30}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 14
| image =
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Giles Stibbert]]
| officeholder_sort = Stibbert, Giles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1734
| died_year = 1809
| term_start = October 1777
| term_end = March 1779
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1777|10|01|1779|03|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (6)
| image = Eyre Coote.jpg
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]]
| officeholder_sort = Coote, Eyre
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1726
| died_year = 1783
| term_start = March 1779
| term_end = April 1783
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1779|03|01|1783|04|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Reappointment. Won the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War|Battle of]] [[Parangipettai|Porto Novo]] against odds of five to one, regarded as one of the greatest feats by the British in India.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (14)
| image =
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Giles Stibbert]]
| officeholder_sort = Stibbert, Giles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1734
| died_year = 1809
| term_start = April 1783
| term_end = July 1785
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1783|04|01|1785|07|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Reappointment.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 15
| image =
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Robert Sloper|Sir Robert Sloper]]
| officeholder_sort = Slopper, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1729
| died_year = 1802
| term_start = July 1785
| term_end = September 1786
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1785|07|01|1786|09|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 16
| image = First Marquis of Cornwallis.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Earl Cornwallis]]
| officeholder_sort = Cornwallis, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1738
| died_year = 1805
| term_start = September 1786
| term_end = October 1793
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1785|07|01|1786|09|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Promulgated the [[Permanent Settlement]] of Bengal. Served twice as [[Governor-General of India]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 17
| image = George Romney - Colonel Robert Abercrombie - Google Art Project.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Robert Abercromby of Airthrey|Sir Robert Abercromby]]
| officeholder_sort = Abercromby, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1740
| died_year = 1827
| term_start = October 1793
| term_end = January 1797
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1793|10|01|1797|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 18
| image =
| military_rank = Major general
| officeholder = [[Charles Morgan (British Army officer)|Charles Morgan]]
| officeholder_sort = Morgan, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1741
| died_year = 1818
| term_start = January 1797
| term_end = May 1798
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1797|01|01|1798|05|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 19
| image = Alured Clarke.jpg
| military_rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| officeholder = [[Alured Clarke|Sir Alured Clarke]]
| officeholder_sort = Clarke, Alured
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1744
| died_year = 1832
| term_start = May 1798
| term_end = February 1801
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1798|05|01|1801|02|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}

===Commanders-in-Chief of India, 1801–1857===

{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| image_title = Portrait
| officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief
| showtermlenght = y
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
| showaltofficeholder = y
| alt_officeholder_title = Notes
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = James Henry Craig 2.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[James Henry Craig|Sir James Craig]]
| officeholder_sort = Craig, James
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1748
| died_year = 1812
| term_start = February 1801
| term_end = March 1801
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1801|02|01|1801|03|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Gerard Lake.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake|Gerard Lake]]
| officeholder_sort = Lake, Gerald
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1744
| died_year = 1808
| term_start = March 1801
| term_end = July 1805
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1801|03|01|1805|07|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Improved the Indian Army by making all arms, infantry, cavalry and artillery, more mobile and more manageable.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = First Marquis of Cornwallis.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Earl Cornwallis]]
| officeholder_sort = Cornwallis, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1738
| died_year = 1805
| term_start = July 1805
| term_end = October 1805
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1805|07|01|1805|10|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Reappointment. With [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Sir Arthur Wellesley]], he supervised the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] against the [[Sindhia]] and the [[Holkar]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (2)
| image = Gerard Lake.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake|The Lord Lake]]
| officeholder_sort = Lake, Gerald
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1744
| died_year = 1808
| term_start = October 1805
| term_end = 1806
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1805|1806}} years
| alt_officeholder = Reappointment following the death of Cornwallis' successor [[John Graves Simcoe]]. Upon Cornwallis' death, Lake pursued the [[Holkar]] to the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. The Holkar capitulated at [[Amritsar]] in December 1805.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image = ColonelSimcoe.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[John Graves Simcoe|John Simcoe]]
| officeholder_sort = Simcoe, John
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1752
| died_year = 1806
| died = y
| term_start = 1806
| term_end = 26 October 1806
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1806|1806}} years
| alt_officeholder = Appointed to post in [[England]] in late 1805, but died before departing for India and replaced by Lake.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (2)
| image = Gerard Lake.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake|The Lord Lake]]
| officeholder_sort = Lake, Gerald
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1744
| died_year = 1808
| term_start = 1806
| term_end = October 1807
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|1806|1807}} years
| alt_officeholder = Reappointment following death of [[John Graves Simcoe|John Simcoe]], who died after accepting the appointment in England.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 5
| image =
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[George Hewett|Sir George Hewett]]
| officeholder_sort = Hewett, George
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1750
| died_year = 1840
| term_start = October 1807
| term_end = December 1807
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1807|10|01|1807|12|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Transformed [[Meerut]] into a British stronghold that would be used as a launching point for future military campaigns into northern India.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 6
| image =
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Forbes Champagné]]
| officeholder_sort = Champagné, Forbes
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1754
| died_year = 1816
| term_start = December 1807
| term_end = January 1811
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1807|12|01|1811|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 7
| image = Georgenugent.gif
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet|Sir George Nugent]]
| officeholder_sort = Nugent, George
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1757
| died_year = 1849
| term_start = January 1811
| term_end = October 1813
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1811|01|01|1813|10|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 8
| image = Lord Moira.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Earl of Moira]]
| officeholder_sort = Hastings, Francis
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1754
| died_year = 1826
| term_start = October 1813
| term_end = January 1823
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1813|10|01|1823|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Marquess of Hastings|1st Marquess of Hastings]] from 1816; Oversaw British forces in the [[Gurkha War]]; [[Third Anglo-Maratha War|conquered]] the [[Maratha]]s; repaired the [[Mughal Empire|Mogul]] canals in [[Delhi]]; instituted educational reforms.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 9
| image = Sir Edward Paget by Martin Archer Shee 1810.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Edward Paget|Sir Edward Paget]]
| officeholder_sort = Paget, Edward
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1775
| died_year = 1849
| term_start = January 1823
| term_end = October 1825
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1823|01|01|1825|10|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 10
| image = Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere by Mary Martha Pearson (née Dutton).jpg
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere|The Lord Combermere]]
| officeholder_sort = Cotton, Stapleton
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1773
| died_year = 1865
| term_start = October 1825
| term_end = January 1830
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1825|10|01|1830|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Viscount Combermere|1st Viscount Combermere]] from 1827.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 11
| image = GG-George Ramsay.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie|The Earl of Dalhousie]]
| officeholder_sort = Ramsay, George
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1770
| died_year = 1838
| term_start = January 1830
| term_end = January 1832
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1830|01|01|1832|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Began the British suppression of the ''[[Thuggee]]'' murder-cults.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 12
| image = Sir Edward Barnes by William Salter.jpg
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Edward Barnes (British Army officer)|Sir Edward Barnes]]
| officeholder_sort = Barnes, Edward
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1776
| died_year = 1838
| term_start = January 1832
| term_end = October 1833
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1832|01|01|1833|10|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Constructed the military road between [[Colombo]] and [[Kandy]], made the first census of the population, and introduced coffee cultivation.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 13
| image = Bentinck william.png
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Lord William Bentinck]]
| officeholder_sort = Bentinck, William
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1774
| died_year = 1839
| term_start = October 1833
| term_end = March 1835
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1833|10|01|1835|03|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Suppressed the [[Hindu]] custom of ''[[Sati (practice)|sati]]''. Reappointed in April 1834.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 14
| image =
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[James Watson (British Army officer)|Sir James Watson]]
| officeholder_sort = Watson, James
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1772
| died_year = 1862
| term_start = March 1835
| term_end = September 1835
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1835|03|01|1835|09|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Established the famous police organisation known as the "[[Thuggee]] and [[Dacoity]] Department" within the [[Government of India]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 15
| image = Sir Henry Fane.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Henry Fane (British Army officer)|Sir Henry Fane]]
| officeholder_sort = Fane, Henry
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1778
| died_year = 1840
| term_start = September 1835
| term_end = December 1839
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1835|09|01|1839|12|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 16
| image = Sir Jasper Nicolls.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Jasper Nicolls|Sir Jasper Nicolls]]
| officeholder_sort = Nicholls, Jasper
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1778
| died_year = 1849
| term_start = December 1839
| term_end = August 1843
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1839|12|01|1843|08|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 17
| image = Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough, 1850.png
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Hugh Gough]]
| officeholder_sort = Gough, Hugh
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1779
| died_year = 1869
| term_start = August 1843
| term_end = May 1849
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1843|08|01|1849|05|01}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Viscount Gough|1st Baron Gough]] from 1846; Defeated the [[Maratha Empire|Mahrattas]] at [[Maharajpur]]. Conducted operations against the [[Sikh]]s and won the battles of [[Battle of Mudki|Mudki]], [[Battle of Ferozeshah|Ferozeshah]] and [[Battle of Sobraon|Sobraon]]. Soon after, the Sikhs surrendered at [[Lahore]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 18
| image = Charles James Napier by William Edward Kilburn, 1849-crop.png
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles James Napier]]
| officeholder_sort = Napier, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1782
| died_year = 1853
| term_start = May 1849
| term_end = December 1851
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1849|05|01|1851|12|01}}
| alt_officeholder = Conquered [[Sindh]] and made it part of [[Bombay Presidency]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 19
| image = Sir William Maynard Gomm by William Salter.jpg
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[William Maynard Gomm|Sir William Gomm]]
| officeholder_sort = Gomm, William
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1784
| died_year = 1875
| term_start = December 1851
| term_end = January 1856
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1851|12|01|1856|01|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 20
| image = George Anson (1797-1857).png
| military_rank = Major general
| officeholder = [[George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)|George Anson]]
| officeholder_sort = Anson, George
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1797
| died_year = 1857
| died = y
| term_start = January 1856
| term_end = 27 May 1857
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1856|01|01|1857|05|27}}
| alt_officeholder = Outbreak of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. Died of cholera during his march against the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] at [[Delhi]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 21
| image = Patrick Grant.jpg
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Patrick Grant (Indian Army officer)|Sir Patrick Grant]]
| officeholder_sort = Grant, Patrick
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1804
| died_year = 1895
| term_start = June 1857
| term_end = August 1857
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1857|06|01|1857|08|27}}
| alt_officeholder = Directed operations against the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]], sending forces under [[Henry Havelock|Havelock]] and [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|Outram]] for the relief of [[Cawnpore]] and [[Lucknow]], until the arrival of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]] from England.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 22
| image = Lord-clyde.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]]
| officeholder_sort = Campbell, Colin
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1792
| died_year = 1863
| term_start = August 1857
| term_end = 4 June 1861
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1857|08|01|1861|06|04}}
| alt_officeholder = 1st Baron Clyde from 1858; Abandoned then recaptured [[Lucknow]]. Supervised military operations in [[Oudh]] until the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] had been subdued.
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}

===Commanders-in-Chief of India, 1861–1947===

{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| image_title = Portrait
| officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief
| showtermlenght = y
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
| showaltofficeholder = y
| alt_officeholder_title = Notes
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Hugh Henry Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn.png
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|Sir Hugh Rose]]
| officeholder_sort = Rose, Hugh
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1801
| died_year = 1885
| term_start = 4 June 1861
| term_end = 23 March 1865
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1861|06|04|1865|03|23}}
| alt_officeholder = Improved discipline and enabled the amalgamation of the [[East India Company]]'s army into the Queen's army to be carried out.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Lordsandhurst caricature.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[William Mansfield, 1st Baron Sandhurst|Sir William Mansfield]]
| officeholder_sort = Mansfield, William
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1819
| died_year = 1876
| term_start = 23 March 1865
| term_end = 9 April 1870
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1865|03|23|1870|04|09}}
| alt_officeholder = Prior to his appointment, Mansfield served in the [[Sutlej|Sutlej campaign]], commanded the 53rd Regiment in the [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], and was part of [[Peshawar]] operations in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|northwest frontier]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = Robert Cornelis Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala portrait photograph by John Watkins.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|The Lord Napier of Magdala]]
| officeholder_sort = Napier, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1810
| died_year = 1890
| term_start = 9 April 1870
| term_end = 10 April 1876
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1870|04|09|1876|04|10}}
| alt_officeholder = He did much to benefit the army and to encourage good shooting.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image = Frederick Haines.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Frederick Haines|Sir Frederick Haines]]
| officeholder_sort = Haines, Frederick
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1819
| died_year = 1909
| term_start = 10 April 1876
| term_end = 8 April 1881
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1876|04|10|1881|04|08}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 5
| image = Donald Martin Stewart.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet|Sir Donald Stewart]]
| officeholder_sort = Stewart, Donald
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1824
| died_year = 1900
| term_start = 8 April 1881
| term_end = 28 November 1885
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1881|04|08|1885|11|28}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 6
| image = General Lord Roberts AKA "Bobs" (25136980491).jpg
| military_rank = Lieutenant general
| officeholder = [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Sir Frederick Roberts]]
| officeholder_sort = Roberts, Frederick
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1832
| died_year = 1914
| term_start = 28 November 1885
| term_end = 8 April 1893
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1885|11|28|1893|04|08}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Earl Roberts|1st Baron Roberts of Kandahar]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 7
| image = George Stewart White-001.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[George White (British Army officer)|Sir George White]]
| officeholder_sort = White, George
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1835
| died_year = 1912
| term_start = 8 April 1893
| term_end = 20 March 1898
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1893|04|08|1898|03|20}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 8
| image =
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Charles Edward Nairne|Sir Charles Nairne]]
| officeholder_sort = Nairne, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1836
| died_year = 1899
| term_start = 20 March 1898
| term_end = 4 November 1898
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1898|03|20|1898|11|04}}
| alt_officeholder = Officiating.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 9
| image = William Lockhart d1900.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[William Lockhart (Indian Army officer)|Sir William Lockhart]]
| officeholder_sort = Lockhart, William
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1841
| died_year = 1900
| died = y
| term_start = 4 November 1898
| term_end = 18 March 1900
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1898|11|04|1900|03|18}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 10
| image = Arthurppalmer.png
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Arthur Power Palmer|Sir Arthur Palmer]]
| officeholder_sort = Palmer, Arthur
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1840
| died_year = 1904
| term_start = 19 March 1900<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27299 |date=26 March 1901 |page=2114}}</ref>
| term_end = 28 November 1902
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1900|03|19|1902|11|28}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 11
| image = Horatio Herbert Kitchener (cropped).jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|The Viscount Kitchener]]
| officeholder_sort = Kitchener, Herbert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1850
| died_year = 1916
| term_start = 28 November 1902
| term_end = 10 September 1909
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1902|11|28|1909|09|10}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Kitchener Reforms|Reconstructed]] the disorganised [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]], but quarreled with the Viceroy [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], who resigned.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 12
| image = General O'Moore Creagh, VC, Colonel of 129th Baluchis, 1912 copyv.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[O'Moore Creagh|Sir O'Moore Creagh]]
| officeholder_sort = Creagh, O'Moore
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1848
| died_year = 1923
| term_start = 10 September 1909
| term_end = 8 March 1914
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1909|09|10|1914|03|08}}
| alt_officeholder = [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|Douglas Haig]], then a lieutenant general, served as [[Chief of the General Staff (India)]] in 1909–12.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 13
| image = Gen. Sir Beauchamp Duff (LOC).jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Beauchamp Duff|Sir Beauchamp Duff]]
| officeholder_sort = Duff, Beauchamp
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1855
| died_year = 1918
| term_start = 8 March 1914
| term_end = 1 October 1916
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1914|03|08|1916|10|01}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 14
| image = Charlesmonroe.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet|Sir Charles Monro]]
| officeholder_sort = Monro, Charles
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1860
| died_year = 1929
| term_start = 1 October 1916
| term_end = 21 November 1920
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1916|10|01|1920|11|21}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 15
| image = Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|The Lord Rawlinson]]
| officeholder_sort = Rawlinson, Henry
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1864
| died_year = 1925
| died = y
| term_start = 21 November 1920
| term_end = 28 March 1925
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1920|11|21|1925|03|28}}
| alt_officeholder = Former GOC, [[Fourth Army (United Kingdom)|British Fourth Army]] on the [[Western Front (World War II)|Western Front]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 16
| image = LtGen Claud William Jacob.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Claud Jacob|Sir Claud Jacob]]
| officeholder_sort = Jacob, Claud
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1863
| died_year = 1948
| term_start = 3 April 1925
| term_end = 6 August 1925
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1925|04|03|1925|08|06}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 17
| image = William Birdwood.jpg
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[William Birdwood|The Lord Birdwood]]
| officeholder_sort = Birdwood, William
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1865
| died_year = 1951
| term_start = 6 August 1925
| term_end = 30 November 1930
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1925|08|06|1930|11|30}}
| alt_officeholder = Distinguished commander of [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps|ANZAC]] troops on [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli]] and the Western Front.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 18
| image = General Sir Philip Chetwode.jpg
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode|The Lord Chetwode]]
| officeholder_sort = Chetwode, Philip
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1869
| died_year = 1950
| term_start = 30 November 1930
| term_end = 30 November 1935
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1930|11|30|1935|11|30}}
| alt_officeholder = The [[Indian Military Academy]] was established during his tenure.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 19
| image =
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Robert Cassels|Sir Robert Cassels]]
| officeholder_sort = Cassels, Robert
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1876
| died_year = 1959
| term_start = 30 November 1935
| term_end = 27 January 1941
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1935|11|30|1941|01|27}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 20
| image = Cecil Beaton Photographs- Political and Military Personalities; Auchinleck, Claude John Eyre IB2095 (cropped).jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Claude Auchinleck|Sir Claude Auchinleck]]
| officeholder_sort = Auchinleck, Claude
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1884
| died_year = 1981
| term_start = 27 January 1941
| term_end = 5 July 1941
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1941|01|27|1941|07|05}}
| alt_officeholder = Left to take command of the [[Middle East Command]] (swapped jobs with [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Wavell]]).
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 21
| image = Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell.jpg
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Sir Archibald Wavell]]
| officeholder_sort = Wavell, Archibald
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1883
| died_year = 1950
| term_start = 5 July 1941
| term_end = 5 January 1942
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1941|07|05|1942|01|05}}
| alt_officeholder = Left to take command of the short lived [[American-British-Dutch-Australian Command|ABDACOM]]; later became [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]].
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 22
| image =
| military_rank = General
| officeholder = [[Alan Hartley|Sir Alan Hartley]]
| officeholder_sort = Hartley, Alan
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1882
| died_year = 1954
| term_start = 5 January 1942
| term_end = 7 March 1942
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1942|01|05|1942|03|07}}
| alt_officeholder = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (21)
| image = Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell.jpg
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Sir Archibald Wavell]]
| officeholder_sort = Wavell, Archibald
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1883
| died_year = 1950
| term_start = 7 March 1942
| term_end = 20 June 1943
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1942|03|07|1943|06|20}}
| alt_officeholder = Reappointment. Sir Alan Hartley appointed Deputy C-in-C, India.
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = (20)
| image = Cecil Beaton Photographs- Political and Military Personalities; Auchinleck, Claude John Eyre IB2095 (cropped).jpg
| military_rank = Field Marshal
| officeholder = [[Claude Auchinleck|Sir Claude Auchinleck]]
| officeholder_sort = Auchinleck, Claude
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1884
| died_year = 1981
| term_start = 20 June 1943
| term_end = 15 August 1947
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1943|06|20|1947|08|15}}
| alt_officeholder = Served as the last C-in-C, India. Reappointed 15 August 1947, and became Supreme Commander of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. Oversaw division of the Armed forces between the two new countries. Served in this capacity until November 1948, when the role of Supreme Commander was abolished.
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}

==See also==
*[[Secretary of State for India]]
*[[Governor-General of India]]
*[[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff]]
*[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
*[[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040816231827/http://www.regiments.org/biography/defchiefs/inCinC.htm Chronological List of Commanders-in-Chief, India to 1947]

{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}

[[Category:British military commanders in chief]]
[[Category:Government of British India]]
[[Category:Military history of British India]]
[[Category:1748 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in the British Empire]]