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Duvvuri Subbarao

2022-11-16T20:20:46Z

98.239.227.65:

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Duvvuri Subbarao
| image = Duvuri.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|8|11|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://persmin.nic.in/ersheet/MultipleERS.asp?HiddenStr=01AP020700|title=Biodata of Duvvuri Subbarao|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210163818/http://persmin.nic.in/ersheet/MultipleERS.asp?HiddenStr=01AP020700|archive-date=10 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kovvur, West Godavari district|Kovvuru]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| residence =
| nationality =
| known_for = Governor of [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| alma_mater = [[IIT Kharagpur]] {{small|(B.Sc)}} [[IIT Kanpur]] {{small|(M.Sc)}} [[Ohio State University]] {{small|(MS)}} [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] {{small|(Humphrey Fellow)}} [[Andhra University]] {{small|(Ph.D)}}
| profession = [[Civil service|Civil servant]], [[Economist]]
| home_town = [[Korukonda, Vizianagaram district|Korukonda]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| predecessor = [[Y. V. Reddy]]
| successor = [[Raghuram Rajan]]
| office1 = [[Finance Secretary of India]]
| term1 = 4 July 2007 - 5 September 2008
| successor1 = Arun Ramanathan
| predecessor1 =
| party =
| relations =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| term_start = 5 September 2008
| term_end = 4 September 2013
| order = 22nd [[Governor of Reserve Bank of India]]
}}
'''Duvvuri Subbarao''' (born 11 August 1949)<ref name="mopgoi">{{cite web|url=http://www.persmin.nic.in/CivilList/AsOnToday/AgeListCL.asp?Slab=8&Cadre=AP&AsOnDate=01/01/2008|title=Civil List|work=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|publisher=Government of India|access-date=2008-09-05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718134338/http://www.persmin.nic.in/CivilList/AsOnToday/AgeListCL.asp?Slab=8&Cadre=AP&AsOnDate=01%2F01%2F2008|archive-date=18 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> is an Indian economist, Central Banker, and retired [[IAS officer]]. He was the 22nd Governor of [[Reserve Bank of India]], served under [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] Dr. [[Manmohan Singh]]. After stepping down from RBI, he was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow first at the National University of Singapore and later at the University of Pennsylvania.<ref>https://www.marketwired.com/press-release/former-india-central-bank-governor-dr-duvvuri-subbarao-appointed-distinguished-visiting-1903853 {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref>

Subbarao is a 1972 batch [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer of the Andhra Pradesh cadre. He was appointed the 22nd Governor of [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI) and served from 5 September 2008, with an extension in 2011 till 4 September 2013.<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rbi-governor-subbarao-gets-2year-extension/829298|title=RBI Governor Subbarao gets 2-year extension|work =indianexpress.com|access-date=2012-01-10|date=9 August 2022}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Subbarao hails from [[Eluru]] in West Godavari district of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He did his schooling in [[Sainik School, Korukonda|Sainik School]], [[Korukonda, Vizianagaram district|Korukonda]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (1962–65). Later he did [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] Hons in Physics at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|Institute of Technology Kharagpur]] (1966–69) graduating at the top of his class, and MSc at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]] .<ref name="masterphysics">{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=19052|title=Dr. D. Subbarao takes over as RBI Governor}}</ref> Subbarao topped the [[Civil Services Examination]] in 1972 and was assigned to the [[Andhra Pradesh]] cadre of the IAS.<ref name="business_std" />

During 1977-78, Subbarao took study leave to do a Masters in Economics at the [[Ohio State University]], [[United States]]. During 1982-83, he was a [[Humphrey Fellowship#Fellowship|Humphrey Fellow]] at MIT where he studied Public Finance.<ref name=humphrey>{{cite web|url=http://www.jhu.edu/design/humphrey/stories/15-Duvvuri_Subbarao.html|title=Humphrey Fellowship Program: Duvvuri Subbarao – India}}</ref> In 1988, he earned a Ph.D. in Economics from [[Andhra University]].<ref name="businessworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Interviews/There-cant-be-painless-adjustments.html|title=There Can't Be Painless Adjustments|last=Mehra|first=Puja|date=2008-06-20|work=Businessworld|publisher=ABP Pvt. Ltd.|access-date=2008-09-05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080825131803/http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Interviews/There-cant-be-painless-adjustments.html|archive-date=25 August 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> for his doctoral thesis "Fiscal reforms at the sub-national level"

== Career ==
Subbarao's early career consisted of field postings in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. As Collector of Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh (1979), he earned a formidable reputation for diligently and systematically implementing the land transfer regulation which involved in the main restoring land that tribal households had lost due to indebtedness back to them as laid down in the protective legislation. As Managing Director of Andhra Pradesh State Finance Corporation (1986–88), he was noted for encouraging first generation entrepreneurs to invest in industry and service sectors.

Subbarao was on deputation to Government of India as a joint secretary in the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-rbi-subbarao-idINDEE8A60E820121107|title=PROFILE - RBI governor Duvvuri Subbarao|publisher=Businessweek|access-date=8 February 2013|date=7 November 2022}}</ref> where he was involved in formulating and implementing the 1991 reforms. Subsequently, he was the Finance Secretary to the Government of Andhra Pradesh (1993–98), where he is credited with having led a range of pathbreaking fiscal reforms. He was the principal force behind the decision of the state government to publish a white paper (1996) on state finances which went a long way to get popular support for politically difficult economic reforms.

He worked as a lead economist in the [[World Bank]] (1999-2004) where his work involved encouraging public expenditure reforms in developing countries. He also task managed the World Bank's flagship study on decentralization in East Asia.

On return to India from the World Bank, he was appointed to the [[PMEAC|Prime Ministers’ Economic Advisory Council]] (2005–07) before he was elevated as the Finance Secretary in 2007. On 5 September 2008, he was appointed Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)<ref name="business_std">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=46085&tp=on|title= Dr Duvvuri Subbarao takes charge as RBI governor|date=2008-09-01|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=2008-09-05}}</ref> becoming the first serving civil servant and the first born after Independence to be appointed as central bank Governor while Arun Ramanathan was appointed as Finance Secretary on 21 September 2008 in his vacancy.<ref name="Arun Ramanathan appointed Finance Secretary">{{cite news|title=Arun Ramanathan appointed Finance Secretary|date=23 September 2008|access-date=10 January 2013|work =The Economic Times|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-23/news/27727297_1_tamil-nadu-cadre-vinod-rai-finance-secretary}}</ref> Subbarao's term was extended for two more years in 2011.<ref name="Indian Express" />

== Achievements ==
As Finance Secretary to Government of India, Subbarao questioned the rationale of giving away valuable spectrum to telecom operators in 2007 at prices fixed in 2001. He argued that there must be fresh bidding to discover the current price. Subbarao gave evidence in the CBI case relating to alleged corruption by ministers and civil servants in the allocation of 2G spectrum and the judge noted in the judgement that he was a stellar witness.

Subbarao's term as Governor of RBI was by all accounts an unusually turbulent period for the world and for India. The global financial crisis erupted within a week of his assuming office. Then just as the impact of the crisis on India started ebbing, the action shifted to combating an unusually stubborn bout of inflation (2009–11) which segued into a battle against a sharp depreciation of rupee because of what came to be known as taper tantrums. Subbarao is generally credited as having safely stewarded Indian economy through the financial crisis although he has been criticized for not aggressively stemming the fall of the rupee during the taper tantrums.

Subbarao's tenure as Governor of RBI will be most remembered for the way he boldly stood up for the autonomy of the central bank. His term will also be noted for his initiatives to demysttify central bank,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indianexpress.com/news/once-a-green-horn-d-subbarao-aims-to-demystify-rbi-in-2013/1055300/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130818170527/http://m.indianexpress.com/news/once-a-green-horn-d-subbarao-aims-to-demystify-rbi-in-2013/1055300/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2013|title=Subbarao aims to demystify RBI}}</ref> for opening up communication channels with stakeholders and for outreach to the larger public. He was instrumental in ensuring 100% meaningful financial inclusion in [[Ernakulam]] district of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-23/kochi/35318228_1_financial-inclusion-financial-literacy-bank-accounts|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616031819/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-23/kochi/35318228_1_financial-inclusion-financial-literacy-bank-accounts|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-06-16|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Subbarao declares Ernakulam as India's First Financially Included District }}</ref> Subbarao is credited with the theory of the New Trilemma of central bankers, which he called the "Holy Trinity" of ''price stability'', ''financial stability'' and ''sovereign debt sustainability'' as against [[Mundell–Fleming model|Mundell's]] well known "[[impossible trinity]]" of a ''fixed exchange rate'', ''free capital flows'' and ''independent monetary policy''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?id=662|title=Subbarao on Holy Trinity : speech on February 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bis.org/review/r120201d.pdf|title=Duvvuri Subbarao : Policy Challenges from the New Trilemma}}</ref> Subbarao's erudite exposition of the ''holy trinity'' firmly established the Indian perspective<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Duvvuri-Subbarao-Price-stability-financial-1820760.S.92702644|title=Views on Subbarao's Trilemma}}</ref> in the scholastic debate on the global central banking trilemma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mostlyeconomics.wordpress.com/2012/02/03/from-impossible-trinity-to-holy-trinity/|title=From Impossible Trinity to Holy Trinity|date=3 February 2022}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Subbarao is known to have a mind of his own and is known to have frequently overridden the advice of his fellow members in the Technical Advisory Group on Monetary Policy (TAG).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=28727|title=Minutes of TAC Meeting on April 25, 2022}}</ref> To his credit, he explained why he had to go against the views of the TAG in his book.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/banking/only-2-of-6-members-on-rbis-technical-committee-wanted-rate-cut/article3418943.ece|title=RBI Governor goes against Majority Decision|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203094721/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/banking/only-2-of-6-members-on-rbis-technical-committee-wanted-rate-cut/article3418943.ece|archive-date=3 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He is married to Urmila Subbarao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://persmin.nic.in/ersheet/MultipleERS.asp?HiddenStr=01AP024300|title=Biodata of Urmila Subbarao|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210163827/http://persmin.nic.in/ersheet/MultipleERS.asp?HiddenStr=01AP024300|archive-date=10 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="gentleman">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Banking_Finance_/Banking/Subbarao_An_officer__a_gentleman/articleshow/3438217.cms|title=Subbarao: An officer & a gentleman|date=2008-09-03|work=[[The Economic Times]]|publisher=[[Times Group]]|access-date=2008-09-05}}</ref> They have two sons, Mallik and Raghav, who are both IIT graduates like their father.

==Selected works==
Subbarao's book, "''Who Moved My Interest Rate?: Leading the Reserve Bank of India Through Five Turbulent Years"'', was published in July 2016.<ref>{{cite book |isbn=978-0670088928|title=Who Moved My Interest Rate?: Leading the Reserve Bank of India Through Five Turbulent Years |last1=Subbarao |first1=Duvvuri |year=2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/i-paid-the-price-for-asserting-rbi-s-autonomy-subbarao-116071500008_1.html|title = I paid the price for asserting RBI's autonomy: Subbarao|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 15 July 2016|last1 = Roy|first1 = Anup}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a497adbc-53eb-11e6-9664-e0bdc13c3bef.html|title = 'Who Moved My Interest Rate?: Leading the Reserve Bank of India Through Five Turbulent Years', by Duvvuri Sub…|newspaper = Financial Times|date = 29 July 2016|last1 = Mundy|first1 = Simon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/8WUnYsNQMHPHBxaD5i6v9J/Governments-must-show-respect-for-RBI-autonomy-D-Subbarao.html|title = Governments must show respect for RBI autonomy: D. Subbarao|date = 26 July 2022}}</ref> The book has been hailed for the honesty, humility and candour with which Subbarao narrated the challenges and dilemmas he confronted as Governor of RBI during an unusually turbulent period.

Subbarao now writes frequently in national and international media on issues of current macroeconomic interest. His columns are noted for his forthright views and lucid explanation of complex issues.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Governors of Reserve Bank of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subbarao, Duvvuri}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Governors of the Reserve Bank of India]]
[[Category:Sainik School alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Ohio State University Graduate School alumni]]
[[Category:People from Eluru]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scientists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Reserve Bank of India]]

Fort Emmanuel

2022-11-15T19:28:06Z

98.239.227.65:

{{about|the fort in Kerala, India|the fort in Malta|Fort Manoel|the fur trading post in North Dakota|Fort Lisa (North Dakota)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Confuse|Fort Kochi}}
{{Infobox Historic Site
| name = Fort Emmanuel (Fort Manuel) Fortaleza do Cochim (Emanuel)
| native_language = ഫോർട്ട് കൊച്ചി ([[Malayalam]])
| image = View of Cochin.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Watercolour painting of the fort of Cochin, with a British flag, from across the [[Kerala backwaters|backwaters]], unknown artists, around 1800 AD.
| designation1 =
| designation1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1value = {{IND}}
| designation1_free2name = Region
| designation1_free2value =
| elevation =
| built = {{start date and age|1503|}}
| architect =
| architecture = [[Portugal|Portuguese]]
| location = [[Fort Kochi]], [[Kochi|Kochi (Cochin)]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.9663|76.2391|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = Kerala
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
}}

'''Fort Emmanuel''', also known as '''Fort Manuel''', is a ruined fort located at [[Fort Kochi Beach]] in [[Kochi|Kochi (Cochin)]], [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="immanuel">{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/fort-immanuel-fort-kochi/286|title=Fort Immanuel at Fort Kochi|publisher=keralatourism.org|access-date=2014-10-22}}</ref> It is a bastion of the Portuguese and a symbol of the strategic alliance between the [[Portuguese Cochin|Maharaja of Kochi]] and the [[Kingdom of Portugal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort Immanuel at Fort Kochi {{!}} Ernkulam Destinations|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/fort-immanuel-fort-kochi/286|access-date=2020-08-19|website=Kerala Tourism|language=en}}</ref> Named after [[Manuel I of Portugal]], it was the first [[European Portuguese]] fort in Asia.<ref name="logan">Logan, William. ''Malabar''. District Manual. Asian Educational Services, 1887.</ref>

== History ==
In September 1503 the [[Kingdom of Kochi|chief of Kochi]] granted permission to [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] to build Fort Emmanuel near the waterfront of the [[Arabian Sea]]. The construction was commenced on 26 September, and "it took the shape of a square with flanking bastions at the corners mounted with ordnance". The walls were made of double rows of coconut tree stems securely fastened together and with earth rammed firmly between; it was further protected by a wet ditch. The fort was christened on the morning of 1 October 1503 "Emmanuel", after the King of Portugal.<ref name="logan">Logan, William. ''Malabar''. District Manual. Asian Educational Services, 1887.</ref>

The fort was built at the water-bound region towards the south-west of the Kochi mainland. The fortifications were reinforced in 1538.<ref name="immanuel"/> The Portuguese built their settlement behind the fort, including the [[St. Francis Church, Kochi|St Francis Church]]. Fort Kochi remained in Portuguese possession until 1663, when the Dutch captured the territory and destroyed the Portuguese institutions. The Dutch held the fort in their possession until 1795, when the British took control by defeating the Dutch. By 1806 the Dutch, and later the British, had destroyed most of the fort walls and its bastions.<ref name="immanuel"/>

In Old Kochi and alongside the Fort Kochi beach, there is a partially restored gun battery and other remains of ramparts and fortifications, which are now tourist destinations.

==See also==
*[[List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center">
Gunnary Part of fort emmanuel.JPG|cannon bastion located at the [[Fort Kochi Beach]]
File:Fort cochin relics.jpg
File:Fort-kochi-relics2.jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Fort Emmanuel, Kochi, Kerala}}

{{Forts in India |state=expanded}}
{{Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire}}
{{Kochi|state=collapsed}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:Forts in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kochi]]
[[Category:Colonial Kerala]]
[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]
[[Category:Portuguese in Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Kochi]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Cochin]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1503]]
[[Category:1503 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1500s establishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kochi]]

College of Engineering Adoor

2022-05-04T21:49:25Z

98.239.227.65:

{{more footnotes|date=November 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Government College of Engineering Adoor (CEA)
| native_name = കോളേജ് ഓഫ് എഞ്ചിനീയറിംഗ് അടൂർ (സി.ഇ.എ)
| established = 1995
| coordinates = {{coord|9.1324|76.7182|type:edu|display=inline,title}} 
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| type = [[Public college|Public]] Aided by the World Bank under TEQIP Programme Govt. of India
| principal = Dr. K Sunilkumar
| students = 1584
| city = [[Manakala]], [[Adoor]], [[Kerala]]
| website = http://www.ceadoor.ihrd.ac.in/
| image_name = cea_building.jpg
| affiliations = [[A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University|KTU]]
| faculty = 150
}}

The '''Government College of Engineering, Adoor''' ('''CEA''') is a college in [[Adoor]], [[Pathanamthitta District]], [[Kerala]], India, located 3 km from the town centre at [[Manakala]]. It is affiliated with the [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]] and is run under the aegis of the [[Institute of Human Resources Development]], an institute of the government of Kerala. The College was inaugurated in 1995 by the [[Chief Minister]] of Kerala [[A K Antony]]. College of Engineering Adoor is recognized by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE). Recently the college has been selected in Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) Phase II. It is one of the major engineering colleges in [[Pathanamthitta District]] and is one of the eight engineering colleges in the District.

==Courses==
<ref>ceaadoor.in</ref>[[File:Ceacorri.jpg|thumb|Corridor]]
The college offers [[BTech]] (Bachelor of Technology) and newly [[MTech]] (Master of Technology) degrees in four streams. 10% of the total seats are given to lateral entry students in every discipline. The number of seats per year is given in brackets.

* [[Computer Engineering]] (60+6)
* [[Electrical and Electronics Engineering]] (60+6)
* [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]] (60+6)
* [[Mechanical Engineering]] (120+12)

The college also offers [[MTech]] (Master of Technology) in below stream(s).
* [[Mechanical Engineering]] with specialization in [[Thermal Engineering]] (18)

==Admission==
Admissions are carried out on the basis of the ranks obtained in the All Kerala Common Entrance Examinations, conducted by the Controller of Entrance Examinations, Government of Kerala. The college follows a 50-50 method of admission from both merit and management streams. A significant number of students in the management stream is filled by children of NRIs.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

When the college started in 1995, it had a 90-10 breakup of merit and management streams. However, the merit students were required to pay a refundable deposit (at the end of the course) of one hundred thousand rupees which was utilized for infrastructure development in the college.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

==College Senate==

[[File:Ceaelection.JPG|thumb|College Senate election campaign]]

The members of the College Senate (College Union) are elected by and from the students of the college. The College Senate consists of elected representatives from each class and lady representatives from each year. The College Senate has an executive committee consisting of Chairman, Vice-Chairman, General Secretary, Treasurer, Editor, Sports Club Secretary and Arts Club Secretary. The tenure of office of the College Senate is one academic year.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

==Department associations==

===FORUM===
FORUM (Fraternity of Royal United Mechanicals) is an association of the [[Mechanical Engineering]] students of CEA. They have organized many academic programs and In 2008 FORUM conducted PRAGNJA, an inter-college technical fest and exhibition.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

===PULSE===
PULSE (Powerful and United Legion of Students of Electronics), is the [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]] students' association. They have organized induction program for freshers, introductory and expert seminars in recent technologies.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

===TRACE===
TRACE (The Regal Association of Computer Engineers) is the association of [[Computer Science & Engineering]] students. Each year TRACE conducts a festival. TRACE introduced CEA to [[Linux]] by establishing the CEA-LUG (Linux Users Group).{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

===EESA===
EESA (Electrical Engineering student Association) is an association of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Students of CEA. EESA organizes social events, host talks by guest speakers and students, and helps communicate with the department and the students.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

==Clubs==

Following clubs are present in college:

* Music Club
* Arts Club
* Sports Club
* Quiz Club
* Nature Club
* Drishti - Photography Club
* Dance Club

==Technical and non-technical organizations==

=== SAE ===
'''[[SAE India|SAEINDIA]]''' is a resource for mobility technology. As an individual member-driven society of mobility practitioners the ownership of SAEINDIA rests with its members who are individuals from the mobility community, which includes engineers, executives from industry, government officials, academics and students.

'''SAEINDIA''' is an affiliate society of SAE International registered in India as an Indian non-profit engineering and scientific society dedicated to the advancement of mobility industry in India.

Under '''SAEINDIA-CEA''', '''CEA MOTORSPORTS''' was established and consist of mainly three teams: '''Team DRUTHA, Team ASTRA and Team AAGNEYA'''.

=== TEAM Drutha ===
Team Drutha was initially formed in 2010 by a group of B.Tech students of College of Engineering Adoor, a government engineering college run by the IHRD. Its aims to compete in the SUPRA SAE.

====Awards & Achievements====
* Successfully passing the Virtual [http://suprasaeindia.org/ SUPRA SAEINDIA] 2011, 2012
* Race a car in [[Buddh International Circuit]], Noida, Delhi 2013
* Participated in [http://suprasaeindia.org/ SUPRA SAEINDIA] 2016, at [[Buddh International Circuit]], Noida, Delhi
* Participated and qualified for Endurance Race of SUPRA SAEINDIA 2017 at [[Buddh International Circuit]], Noida, Delhi
* Secured '''4th position''' in overall rankings at [http://ffsindia.co.in/ FFS India] 2017, held at [[Kari Motor Speedway]], Coimbatore
* Secured '''2nd position''' in Skid-pad Event of FFS India 2017, held at [[Kari Motor Speedway]], Coimbatore

=== TEAM Astra ===
Team Astra was initially formed in 2016.Team Astra is a student-run design & manufacturing team of College of Engineering Adoor, that participate in various ATV competitions conducted across INDIA.

2017
*2017 Mega ATV championship Defect in gearbox, vehicle couldn't run

2018
*2018 ESI.[Endure Student India] Successful Participation with running condition
*2018 Mega ATV Championship Overall 7th position with high performance of the vehicle
*2018 Baja Sae India Virtual presentation Successful. 1st in Kerala, 58th in India among 305 teams

2019
*2019 Baja Sae India Successful participation
*2nd Place in Acceleration
*5th Place in Maneuverability
*6th Place in Suspension
*7th Place in Endurance race
*7th Position Overall

=== TEAM Aagneya ===
Team Aagneya, the official Go-Kart team of CEA was initially formed in 2017 by a group of B.Tech students of College of Engineering Adoor, a government engineering college run by the IHRD. This team aims to compete in FMAE FKDC, and GKDC.

====Awards & Achievements====
* FKDC 2018 - Successful participation.
Acceleration First
Endurance Third
Overall Fourth
* BFKCT 2019 - Successful participation
* FKDC 2019 - Successful participation
Design Third
Overall Eighth

=== ASME ===
The [[American Society Of Mechanical Engineers|American Society of Mechanical Engineers]] [[(ASME)]] is a professional association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms of outreach."

===ISTE===
[[International Society for Technology in Education]] (ISTE) is a nonprofit professional organization with a worldwide membership of leaders and potential leaders in educational technology. The ISTE student chapter at CEA organizes seminars, industrial visits, competitions, workshops and discussions. In 2002 ISTE student chapter at CEA won the best student chapter award in [[Kerala]].

===IEEE===
The [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] or IEEE is an international professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. IEEE student branch was formed in CEA in 29 February 2000. The IEEE Student chapter at CEA<ref>[http://www.ieeecea.com IEEE Student chapter at CEA]{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> imparts knowledge to the students by conducting industrial visits, paper presentations and circuit designs.

===NSS===
[[National Service Scheme]] (NSS) aims to integrate learning with social service. The students conduct activities such as blood donation, nature camp, and campus beautification.
[[File:NSS Team 2017.jpg|thumb]]

==Placement cell==
The Placement cell functioning in the campus dedicates itself to help students establish their career. Companies are invited to the College to recruit final-year students. Students have received placements in MNCs like [[Infosys]], [[HCL Enterprise|HCL]], [[Syntel]], [[Larsen & Toubro]], [[UST Global]], [[Cognizant Technology Solutions|CTS]], [[Mindtree]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[Tata Elxsi]] and [[Wipro]], through the Placement cell.

==Arts and sports==

The arts and sports festivals conducted every year by the college senate. The College Senate divides students into four houses, each having a captain and a vice captain. Arts and Sports festivals are conducted in even semesters.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

==Technical events==
[[File:Aaroh12cea.jpg|thumb|Aaroh 2012]]

===AAROH===
Aaroh is the annual national-level technical extravaganza of College of Engineering, Adoor. Driven by the motto "Rise High, Rise Bright", Aaroh aims at providing a platform for students to explore and showcase their technical skills against the best in the nation. Aaroh offers events including exhibition, seminars and workshops.

==Location==
CEA is located at Manakkala, 2.5 km away from the main Adoor Municipality on the sidelines of Adoor-Karunagappally road. More than 50 buses ply along this route, providing easy access. The nearest railway stations are Karunagappally, Kayamkulam and Chengannur. The M.C. Road links it to Thiruvananthapuram International Airport and Kochi Airport.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sattva'13 Arts Fest of CEA.jpg|Sattva'13 Arts Fest
File:Team Drutha was the only Govmnt college team from Kerala selected for the finals of SUPRA SAEINDIA 2012.jpg|Team Drutha from College of Engineering Adoor at the finals of Supra Saeindia 2012
File:Ceaholi.jpg|[[Holi]] celebrations at the college
File:Holi at CEA.jpg| Holi celebration
</gallery>

==Controversies==
On 19 August 2004, a 20 year old computer science graduate from the college named Rajani S. Anand committed suicide following her inability to pay hostel fee and reluctance from banks to give her [[student loan]]. This event led to resignation of then [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief minister of Kerala]] [[A. K. Antony]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 9, 2004|first=M. G.|last=Radhakrishnan|title=Kerala engineering student suicide renews debate on state's education policy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20040809-engineering-student-suicide-in-kerala-raises-question-on-education-policy-789638-2004-08-09|access-date=2022-01-28|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]]
* [[Institute of Human Resources Development]]
* [[List of Engineering Colleges in Kerala]]
* [[Adoor]]
* [[Manakala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cealive.com/|title=CEA Campus Blog|access-date=11 December 2009}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ihrd.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28:college-of-engineering-adoor&catid=31:engineering-colleges&Itemid=50|title=IHRD Kerala|access-date=11 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721150109/http://www.ihrd.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28:college-of-engineering-adoor&catid=31:engineering-colleges&Itemid=50|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ceadoor.ihrd.ac.in/|title=CEA home page|access-date=11 April 2010}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* http://www.ceadoor.ihrd.ac.in/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727110721/http://www.ceaalumni.com/ Alumni website]
* [https://www.facebook.com/ceadoor/ Official Facebook Page]
{{Education in Kerala}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Institute of Human Resources Development]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Kerala]]

Jongsong Peak

2021-03-29T16:50:46Z

98.239.227.65:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Jongsong Peak
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 7462
| elevation_ref = [[List of highest mountains|Ranked 57th]]
| prominence_m = 1256
| prominence_ref =
| listing =
| location = [[China]]–[[India]]–[[Nepal]] [[tripoint]]
| range = [[Himalayas]]
| map = Nepal
| map_caption = Location in Nepal at the shared border triple-point with China and India
| label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|27|53|N|88|08|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name=pb>{{cite peakbagger |pid=10652 |name=Jongsong Peak, China/India/Nepal |accessdate=2008-03-08}}</ref>
| first_ascent = 2 June 1930 by [[Bericht Hörlin]] and [[Erwin Schneider]]
| easiest_route =
}}

'''Jongsong Peak ([[Nepali language|Nepali]]: जोङ्सोङ् हिमाल)''' is a mountain in the ''Janak'' section of the [[Himalayas]].<ref name=aaj_1985/> At {{convert|7462|m|ft|0}} it is the [[List of highest mountains|57th highest peak in the world]], although it is dominated by 3rd highest, [[Kangchenjunga]], {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the south. Jongsong's summit is on [[tripoint]] of India, Nepal and China.<ref name=encarta/>

From its first ascent in 1930 by members of German expedition led by [[Gunther Dyhrenfurth]]<ref>{{cite summitpost|id=150283|title=Kangchenjunga|accessdate=2008-06-03}} The team abandoned its attempt on Kangchenjunga to make first ascents of Jongsong (24,334'), Nepal Peak (23,560') and Ramthang (23,310) among others.</ref> until the first ascent of [[Kamet]] on 21 June 1931, Jongsong was the highest climbed peak in the world. The first ascent team of Jongsong peak had included several members who were also members of the International mountaineering organisation Himalayan Club.

On 30 September 2012, a team from the Kolkata section of the Himalayan Club (Pradeep Sahoo (Leader) with Ang Dorji Sherpa and Phurba Sherpa), ascended the Jongsong peak's east summit (named Domo by Dyhrenfurth) on a new route via the eastern ridge of the Jongsong peak from a col between the Jongsong massif and an adjoining peak called Dome Kang.
The previous day, another team from the same expedition scaled Dome Kang (Rajib Mondal and Dawa Sherpa) from the common col along its east face (New route first ascent / second ascent overall).
They had approached the mountains from the Jongsong glacier, Sikkim.

== Video ==
 
[https://www.4dvt.com/jongsong-peak-china-india-nepal.html Birdseye view video]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=aaj_1985>
{{cite journal
| author = Carter, H. Adams
| title = Classification of the Himalaya
| journal = American Alpine Journal
| volume = 27 | issue = 5 | year = 1985
| page = 115
| publisher = American Alpine Club
| url = http://c498469.r69.cf2.rackcdn.com/1985/109_carter_himalaya_aaj1985.pdf
| accessdate = 2011-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=encarta>{{cite web
| url=http://encarta.msn.com/map_701589883/jongsong_peak.html
| title=MSN Encarta map
| accessdate=2008-06-03
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505191750/http://encarta.msn.com/map_701589883/jongsong_peak.html
| archive-date=5 May 2009
| url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}

[[Category:Mountains of the Province No. 1]]
[[Category:Mountains of Tibet]]
[[Category:Mountains of Sikkim]]
[[Category:International mountains of Asia]]
[[Category:Seven-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:India–Nepal border]]
[[Category:China–Nepal border]]
[[Category:China–India border]]
[[Category:Border tripoints]]

{{China-mountain-stub}}
{{Nepal-mountain-stub}}
{{Sikkim-geo-stub}}