Drsuruchipuri at 12:08, 27 December 2025

2025-12-27T12:08:34Z

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{{Short description|none}} 
{{Infobox hurricane season
|Track=1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map.png
|Basin=NIO
|Year=1961
|First storm formed=January 9, 1961
|Last storm dissipated=October 25, 1961
|Strongest storm name=Three
|Strongest storm winds=50
|Strongest storm pressure=980
|Total disturbances=18
|Total depressions=8
|Total storms=5
|Total intense=2
|Fatalities=11,525 total
|Damages=
|five seasons=[[1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons|1950s]], [[1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1960]], '''1961''', [[1962 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1962]], [[1963 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1963]]
|Atlantic season=1961 Atlantic hurricane season
|East Pacific season=1961 Pacific hurricane season
|West Pacific season=1961 Pacific typhoon season
}}

The '''1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season''' had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]]. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west of India. The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in this basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), while the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November.<ref name="IMD">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |title=IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104064430/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=4 November 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cyclones occurring between the meridians [[45th meridian east|45°E]] and [[100th meridian east|100°E]] are included in the season by the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2009 |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over the North Indian During 2008 |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004113/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=May 29, 2009 }}</ref>

==Season summary==
{{center|<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:210
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Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
AlignBars = early
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1961 till:01/11/1961
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
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Colors =
id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
id:GP value:red
id:TD value:rgb(0,0.52,0.84) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h)
id:DD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h)
id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h)
id:ST value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h)
id:VS value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h)
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PlotData=
barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:09/01/1961 till:11/01/1961 color:TD text:"One"
from:18/02/1961 till:21/02/1961 color:DD text:"Two"
from:05/05/1961 till:09/05/1961 color:ST text:"Three (Winnie)"
from:23/05/1961 till:25/05/1961 color:VS text:"Four"
from:27/05/1961 till:30/05/1961 color:VS text:"Five"
from:08/06/1961 till:13/06/1961 color:TD text:"Six"
from:21/06/1961 till:26/06/1961 color:ST text:"Seven"
barset:break
from:27/06/1961 till:28/06/1961 color:TD text:"Eight"
from:27/06/1961 till:28/06/1961 color:TD text:"Ten"
from:01/07/1961 till:02/07/1961 color:TD text:"Nine"
from:18/07/1961 till:19/07/1961 color:TD text:"Eleven"
from:27/08/1961 till:28/08/1961 color:TD text:"Twelve"
from:06/09/1961 till:16/09/1961 color:DD text:"Thirteen"
from:11/09/1961 till:17/09/1961 color:TS text:"Fourteen"
barset:break
from:22/09/1961 till:23/09/1961 color:TD text:"Fifteen"
from:27/09/1961 till:02/10/1961 color:DD text:"Sixteen"
from:09/10/1961 till:13/10/1961 color:TD text:"Seventeen"
from:24/10/1961 till:25/10/1961 color:TD text:"Eighteen"

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:01/01/1961 till:31/01/1961 text:January
from:01/02/1961 till:28/02/1961 text:February
from:01/03/1961 till:31/03/1961 text:March
from:01/04/1961 till:30/04/1961 text:April
from:01/05/1961 till:31/05/1961 text:May
from:01/06/1961 till:30/06/1961 text:June
from:01/07/1961 till:31/07/1961 text:July
from:01/08/1961 till:31/08/1961 text:August
from:01/09/1961 till:30/09/1961 text:September
from:01/10/1961 till:31/10/1961 text:October
</timeline>}}

==Systems==
{{clear}}
===Depression One===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=01-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=January 9
|Dissipated=January 11
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=1006
}}
A depression developed on January 9. It cut across northern Ceylon and southern India before dissipating on January 11.<ref name="DOne">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=1–3}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Two===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=02-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=February 18
|Dissipated=February 21
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=1006
}}
A deep depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on February 18. It moved generally northward and dissipated on February 21.<ref name="DDTwo">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=3–5}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Severe Cyclonic Storm Three (Winnie)===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=04-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=May 5
|Dissipated=May 9
|Type1=
|3-min winds=50
|1-min winds=85
|Pressure=980
}}

From May 6–9, the JTWC tracked this system as Tropical Storm Winnie.<ref name="SCSThree">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=5–7}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Annual Typhoon Report 1961|date=April 11, 1962|url=https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/ProductFeeds-portlet/img/jtwc/atcr/1961atcr.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=December 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224030711/https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/ProductFeeds-portlet/img/jtwc/atcr/1961atcr.pdf|archivedate=December 24, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]] estimated that the storm attained peak one-minute winds of {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="NOAA">{{cite journal|journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]]|author =Gordon E. Dunn, United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|issue=3|volume=90|date=March 1962|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=The Tropical Cyclone Problem In East Pakistan|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/090/mwr-090-03-0083.pdf|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1962)090<0083:TTCPIE>2.0.CO;2|pages=83–86|bibcode = 1962MWRv...90...83D |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In East Pakistan, 11,468 people were killed.<ref name="Deadliest">{{cite journal|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|author=Neil L.|author2=Frank S. A. Husain|author3=National Hurricane Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department|title=The Deadliest Tropical Cyclone in History?|date=June 1971|pages=438–444|volume=52|issue=6|doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1971BAMS...52..438F|doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Four===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=03-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=May 23
|Dissipated=May 25
|Type1=
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure=984
}}

It caused considerable damage in southwestern India.<ref name="SCSFour">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=7–9}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Five===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=05-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=May 27
|Dissipated=May 30
|Type1=
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure=983
}}

Caused considerable damage in East Pakistan, where wind gusts reached {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="SCSFive">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=9–10}}</ref> A [[storm surge]] of {{convert|6.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} was measured in [[Chittagong]]. Due to advanced warnings, put out an unprecedented 36 hours before the storm, relatively few casualties took place.<ref name="NOAA"/>
{{clear}}

===Depression Six===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=06-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 8
|Dissipated=June 13
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=994
}}

Produced torrential rain over northeastern India, with [[Cherrapunji]] recording {{convert|1340|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over a four-day span.<ref name="DSix">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=10–11}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Severe Cyclonic Storm Seven===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=08-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 21
|Dissipated=June 26
|Type1=
|3-min winds=55
|Pressure=
}}
A severe cyclonic storm developed in the Arabian Sea on June 21. The system struck western India before dissipating on June 26.<ref name="SCSSeven">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=11–12}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Eight===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=07-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 27
|Dissipated=June 28
|Type1=
|3-min winds=20
|Pressure=
}}
A depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on June 27. The system struck the state of West Bengal in India and promptly dissipated.<ref name="DEight">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=12–13}}</ref>
{{clear}}
===Land Depression Ten===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=10-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 27
|Dissipated=June 28
|Type1=
|3-min winds=20
|Pressure=
}}
The depression remained around the Gujarat Peninsula for several days, resulting in prolonged rains that amounted to {{convert|680|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Junagadh]].<ref name="LDTen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over Saurashtra-Kutch|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=14}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Nine===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=09-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=July 1
|Dissipated=July 2
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|Pressure=
}}
The ninth depression of the season existed inland over eastern India. It developed on July 1 and dissipated the following day.<ref name="DNine">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=13}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Land Depression Eleven===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=11-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=July 18
|Dissipated=July 19
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=40
|Pressure=
}}
Another land depression briefly existed over western India from July 18 to July 19.<ref name="LDEleven">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over lower Sindh|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=14–15}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Twelve===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=August 27
|Dissipated=August 28
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=995
}}
The twelfth depression of the season existed from August 27 to August 28.<ref name="DTwelve">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=15}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Thirteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=13-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 6
|Dissipated=September 16
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=992
}}
Deep depression produced heavy rains over a large swath of northern India, with several areas reporting daily totals in excess of {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="DDThirteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=15–16}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Cyclonic Storm Fourteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=12-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 11
|Dissipated=September 17
|Type1=
|3-min winds=40
|Pressure=987
}}
Heavy rains from the storm caused significant flooding in Vidarbha and Madhya Pradesh.<ref name="CSFourteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Cyclonic storm in the Bay|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=17–18}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Fifteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=14-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 22
|Dissipated=September 23
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|Pressure=
}}
The fifteenth depression of the season developed in the northern Bay of Bengal on September 22. It then struck West Bengal before dissipating on September 23.<ref name="DFifteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=18–19}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Sixteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=15-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 27
|Dissipated=October 2
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=
}}
A deep depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on September 27. The system then moved inland over West Bengal. It meandered inland until dissipating on October 2.<ref name="DDSixteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=19–20}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Land Depression Seventeen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=17-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=October 9
|Dissipated=October 13
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|Pressure=
}}
Significant flooding resulted from the depression's heavy rains, with 57 fatalities occurring in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="LDSeventeen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over central parts of the country|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=20–21}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Eighteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=16-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=October 24
|Dissipated=October 25
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=25
|Pressure=1009
}}
The final depression of the season developed in the Bay of Bengal on October 24. It soon struck the province of East Pakistan in Pakistan and dissipated on the following day.<ref name="DEighteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=21}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone]]
* [[List of tropical cyclone records]]
* [[List of wettest tropical cyclones]]
* [[1961 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[1961 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[1961 Pacific typhoon season]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[1960–61 Australian region cyclone season|1960–61]] [[1961–62 Australian region cyclone season|1961–62]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[1960–61 South Pacific cyclone season|1960–61]] [[1961–62 South Pacific cyclone season|1961–62]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[1960–61 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|1960–61]] [[1961–62 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|1961–62]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809201922/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ |date=2015-08-09 }}

{{TC Decades|Year=1960|basin=North Indian Ocean|type=cyclone}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|1961}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1961 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season}}
[[Category:1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season| ]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:1961 in India|North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season]]

1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season - Revision history

Drsuruchipuri at 12:08, 27 December 2025